完整word版8bunit6知识点归纳A

8BUnit6 知识点归纳
1. train a.动词“锻炼，训练，培养”e.g.①He is training to be a doctor.
②The dog is trained in helping blind man.
b.名词“火车，列车”e.g. I got up so late that I didn't catch the train this morning.
c.相关短语：be trained in 在…方面接受训练train as +某身份为成为….而训练
train for 为….而训练go into training 从事锻炼；参加训练
train oneself 训练自己
It's necessary that you train yourself before the walk
He trained as a teacher two years ago.
d.training n.训练，培训a training center训练中心，培训中心trainer n.教练，驯兽师
辨析：train，drill, exercise, practice
Train 用于思想人格方面的训练Drill常用于技术方面的训练
Exercise 锻炼心智和体力的训练Practice 指不断反复的“实践”
2. It's meaningful to do sth.meaningful adj.有意义的
meaningless adj.没有意义的meaning n.意思,含义,意义
e.g. Do you know the meaning of this word? It's meaningful to donate money to Project Hope.
Mean a.吝啬的,小气的；刻薄的[(+about/over/with)]
Don't be so mean to your little brother! Her husband is very mean about money.
b.意思是；打算；意味
I mean to call on you tomorrow. What does this word mean?
Becoming a millionaire didn't mean an end to his money worries.
c.相关短语：mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事
be mean about /over/with sth 在某方面小气
3. need a.行为动词“需要”，一般不用进行时，可用句型：
①need sth e.g. I need a cup of tea.
②need (sb) to do sth e.g. I need you to clean the classroom.
③sth need doing= sth need to be done
e.g. The classroom needs cleaning.=The classroom needs to be cleaned.
b.情态动词，无人称或数的变化，多用于否定句和疑问句。

变疑问句时，直接把need 提前，变否定句用need not或needn't。

Need I hand in my homework now? We need not pay for the drinks. They are free.
c. need n.需求，需要in need “出于需要状态”
We have no need to be afraid of them. A friend in need is a friend in deed.
We are donating money for children in need.
4. need some more food
More 在此是adj.修饰可数名词和不可数名词。

another+数词+n. = 数词+more+n.（more在此表示“额外的，另外的”）
e.g.Let's find two more people for our team.
5. I don't think---否定前移
6. a disabled person disabled adj.残疾的disability n.残疾，劳动能力丧失
the sick, elderly and disabled老弱病残
7. an elderly person elderly adj.年老的the elderly 老年人
the poor, the rich, the homeless ：表示一类人the +adj
8. a homeless person homeless adj.无家可归的联想：helpless, hopeless, careless
9. deaf people deaf adj.聋的deafness n. 聋deafen v. 使聋，震耳欲聋
deaf-mute聋哑者deaf-aid助听器
turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻
They are as deaf as those who won't hear. 充耳不闻
blind: adj.瞎的(blind 的主语是人而不是眼睛)
turn a deaf eye to/be blind to 对….视而不见
go blind 失明blindness n. 失明the blind 盲人
10.help them cross the road注：cross(动词)---across(介词)
Help sb do sth Help sb with sth help ( to) do sth ask for help helpful helpless
11.It's +adj+to do sth.做…是…. It's hard to learn a language.
12. I want you to help me.
want sth want to do sth want sb to do sth
13. Are there any other ways to help them?
①any other, “任何其他的”，后面可接名词单数和复数，区别在于1.后接单数可数名词时，表示在某一范围内，除了sb/sth以外的任何别的sb/sth；2. 后接复数名词时，表示在某一范围内，除了sb/sth以外的任何剩余的sb/sth的全部。

He is taller than any other boy in our class.
Do you have any other ideas?
如果表示在不同范围内俩个人/物的比较，用any other+单数名词
China is larger than any other country in Asia.（相同范围）
China is larger than any other country in Oceania. （不同范围）
②Way的用法：“方式，方法
a great/good way to do sth= a great/good way of doing sth “做某事的一个好方式”
the best way to do/ of doing sth “做某事的最佳方式”
Reading
1.what to expect期待什么expect to do sth expect sb to do sth expect that Hunter expects that she will come.
Anyone can't expect to learn a foreign language in a week.
2. volunteer for the Special Olympics World Summer Games 为夏季残奥会做志愿者
volunteer v.志愿做，义务做n. 志愿者
volunteer to do sth义务做某事，主动做某事volunteer for sth
3.the most amazing experience of his他生活中最难忘的经历Experience n.经历（可数）；经验（不可数）表示做某事的经验，其后通常接in [of] doing sth。

He has had many years'experience in [of] wheat planting / planting wheat.
v表示“体验”“经历”等，
The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。

He experienced great hardships for the first time in his life.他有生以来第一次体验到巨大的艰苦。

4.necessary adj.必须的，必要的n.必需品unnecessary不必要的，多余的
If necessary如果有必要be necessary for 必须，有..必要It's necessary for sb. to do sth.
5. athlete田径运动会，体育运动athletic n. 健壮的，运动的athletic adj. 运动员n.
6.coach训练，指导v. n.教练助理教练assistant coach head coach总教练，主教练football coach
7.give sb a chance to do sth给某人一个机会做某事
=opportunity
机会Chance n.
by any chance万一a chance of doing sth by chance 偶然Miss a chance a chance to do sth
8.Event )比赛项目；大事(运动in the event that倘若，万一in the event of 倘若，万一a historical event a social event
s easy to be wise after the event.
It'similar 9. )
(无比较级和最高级adj. 相似的，类似的
在某些方面相似be similar in be similar to 与……相似，与……类似
Most of them serve Xinjiang food, which is very similar to the food she eats.
10.give up sth/ give sth up放弃某事give it up give up doing sth 放弃做某事give up屈服
11.be born with 生来具有……be born to do生为……
She was born to succeed.
12.take part in参与join in join
13.not…but…不是…而是…
14.get to do sth有机会做某事
补充：get to 逐渐
15.achieve one's dream = realize one's dream=make one's dream come true 实现某人的梦想achieve vt.实现，达到achievement n.成就，成绩achieve adj.可以完成的
16.gold n. 金；金牌silver n.银；银牌
Speech is silver, silence is gold. 能言是银，沉默是金。

prize n.奖赏，奖品= award n.奖品，奖
first prize 一等奖Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖Price n.价格Prise n.奖赏，欣赏
16.include v. “包含，包括”，后面可接名词或动名词
Zhuziqing's work includes poetry and prose.
①Include, contain
Include “包含，包括…在内”，强调容纳某东西成为整体的一部分
※contain “含有，里面装有”，强调某物容纳比其更小的东西
the price of the dictionary includes postage charges.
Does this box contain biscuits?
※Including prep. “包含，包括”
She has many hobbies including jogging, swimming and skiing.
※Included, include 的过去式，表示“包括在内的”，只放于名词后做定语。

This is the whole bill, the service included.= This is the whole bill, including the service.
17.Try one's best to do sth=try to do sth try doing sth尝试做某事尽力做某事Have a try尝试一下，试一下Try this way 尝试一下这个方法
18.Feel like “感觉像”“摸起来像”
I feel like a big fool. The new man-made material feels like real leather.
feel like sth/ doing sth 想要某事/做某事feel like oneself “觉得身体情况正常”
I don't feel like myself today.
Grammar
Donate 捐赠品，捐赠物donation n. 捐献，捐赠v. 1.
donate money to sb 为某人捐款raise money for sb 为某人筹款
Charity n. 慈善机构；慈善 2.义卖charity sale Charity school慈善学校
Trouble n.麻烦（不可数） 3.Some/little/much/great/no trouble
Have trouble with sth Have trouble in doing sth
Get out of trouble Get in trouble be in trouble
make trouble引起麻烦ask for trouble自找麻烦
provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. 4.offer sb sth =offer sth to sb
offer to do sth主动提出做某事
Integrated skills
save v.存储，储蓄；拯救save money/time 省钱/时save one'1.s life
teach sb sth =teach sth to sb teacher sb to do sth teach oneself 自学2.not…..any
more “不再，再没有”相当于no more. 3.I can't believe you any more.= I can no more believe you.
※not…..any longer = no longer 表示时间上不再延续。

I am not a child any longer.
※not…..any more. 至数量上不再增加或动作不再重复The baby didn't cry any more.
Task
be ill in hospital 生病住院in hospital 住院 1.
in the hospital 在医院（可能在医院工作或在医院看病人）
have a serious blood disease患有严重的血液疾病2.
※Disease n.疾病泛指各种疾病，尤其指传染病和重大疾病
The disease is carried by rats.
※Illness多指难以医治慢性病或或身体虚弱等影响生活的疾病
He didn't go to school because of his illness.
※Sickness 多指晕船、恶心、胃病等等方面的疾病或有关饮食的疾病。

Many people died of hunger and sickness.
Operation n.手术operate v.运作，造作3.operational adj.运转正常的，操作上的
do/perform an operation做手术She had an operation on her eyes.
as soon as possible 尽可能快地as +adj./adv(4.原级)+ as possible
As for junk food, I think you should eat as little as possible
※as ….as possible 可与as …. as sb can/could
You must come back as soon as possible.= you must come back as soon as you can.
both adj.俩者都be both both+动词both….and…both of 5.Both Linlin and I have been to Beijing. Both of the sisters like the book.
give a helping hand伸出援助之手6.
get well 康复7.
【注意】well作形容词表示身体的健康
Grammar
It 作形式主语
一、It is +adj. +that………
It 做形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的从句，adj是用来说明后面主句的性质特征，常用形容词有：clear, possible, wrong, sad, necessary, difficult, important, certain, true,
surprising…….
It is dangerous that you cross the road now.
It is important that the students learn team spirit.
二、It is +adj. +to do sth
It 做形式主语，动词不定式to do sth是真正主语。

It is happy to help others learn English.
It is possible to finish it within an hour.
It is wrong to look down on/upon poor children.
It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
三、It is +adj. + for sb to do sth
It 做形式主语，for 引出动词不定式的逻辑主语sb，adj只是说明动词不定式的特征而不是表示人的性质或特征。

常用形容词有：necessary, difficult, important, easy, hard,
interesting……
It is necessary for people to eat and sleep every day.
It is important for you to read English.
It's necessary for the young to master two foreign language.
四、It is +adj. + of sb to do sth
It 做形式主语，of 引出动词不定式的逻辑主语sb，adj表示动词不定式主语的特征。

常用形容词有：kind, foolish, nice, silly, generous, clever, careful, selfish等表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。

如：
It's very kind of you to help me with the work.
=You are kind to help me with the work.
It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.
=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.
五、It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：
It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.
It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.
六、注意：第一种和第二种句式可互换，意思不变。

It is useful to bring a map with you while travelling.
= It is useful that you bring a map with you while travelling.
It is dangerous for people to go hiking alone.
= It is dangerous that people go hiking alone.
It is meaningful that he plants a tree near the river every year.
= It is meaningful for him to plant a tree near the river every year.
It作形式主语常见句型
动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，
放到句首，常见句型有：
1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny's birthday party or not.
2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，
a
question等，如：
It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等，如：
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear,
happen, seem等，如：
It seemed that he didn't tell the truth.
It happened that I was out when he called.
7. It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如：
It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use,
a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：
It's a waste of time talking to her any more.
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
实战演练：
1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (NMET 1997)
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
2. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
(2001 上海)
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
(NMET1995)
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
4. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88)
A. everyone
B. this
C. her
D. it
5. ________ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.
A. It
B. I
C. We
D. They
6. It is no use his _________ there, the situation is hopeless now.
A. to go
B. to be going
C. going
D. having gone
7. It is never too late to learn, ________?
A. is it
B. isn't it
C. does it
D. doesn't it
8. ___________ is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully.
A. As
B. What
C. It
D. That
9. _______ is reported in the newspaper,the Earthquake in east China's Jiangxi Province
killed 13 people
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
10. ___________ certain that his invention will make people's life convenient.
A. That's
B. This is
C. It's
D. What's
11. _________ that there is another football match on the air this evening.
A. It says
B. It was said
C. It is said
D. What was said
12. __________ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroad.
A. It's a exciting news
B. This is an exciting news
C. This is exiting news
D. It's exciting news
参考答案：
12CD
——1110CACAC ——6 5 BDDDA ——1．。