四级完型词汇辨析

1、excessive：If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you

disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or

reasonable.超过了需要或合理的范围

...the alleged use of excessive force by police...

The government says that local authority spending is excessive.

extra：1．You use extra to describe an amount, person, or thing that is added to others of the same kind, or that can be added to others of the same

kind.被加于相同事物或者可以被加于相同事物

Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work.

Extra staff have been taken on to cover busy periods.

There's an extra blanket in the bottom drawer of the cupboard.

= additional

2．If something is extra, you have to pay more money for it in addition to what you are already paying for something.加钱

For foreign orders postage is extra.

The price of your meal is extra.

additional：Additional things are extra things apart from the ones already present.

现在已有事物的添加物

The US is sending additional troops to the region.

The insurer will also have to pay the additional costs of the trial.

added： You use added to say that something has more of a particular thing or quality.某件事物有特殊的东西或质量

For added protection choose moisturising lipsticks with a sun screen.

2、private：1．Private industries and services are owned or controlled by an individual

person or a commercial company, rather than by the state or an official

organization.私人或私企的而不是政府或官方的

...a joint venture with private industry...

Bupa runs private hospitals in Britain.

Brazil says its constitution forbids the private ownership of energy

assets.

2．Private individuals are acting only for themselves, and are not representing any group, company, or organization.代表个人的而不是代

表其所在集团、公司或机构

...the law's insistence that private citizens are not permitted to have

weapons...

The King was on a private visit to enable him to pray at the tombs of

his ancestors.

The family tried to bring a private prosecution against him for assault.

3．Your private things belong only to you, or may only be used by you.

只属于个人或者只能为你个人所用

The landowners have had to sell their private aircraft.

...They want more State control over private property...

There are 76 individually furnished bedrooms, all with private

bathrooms.

I took the precaution of clearing out my desk before I left, and only

my private secretary knows it.

4．Private places or gatherings may be attended only by a particular group of people, rather than by the general public.只能有一些特殊集体的人

可以参加而不是大众

673 private golf clubs took part in a recent study.

The door is marked `Private'.

Brian Epstein was buried in a private ceremony at Long Lane Cemetery,

Liverpool.

individual：1．Individual means relating to one person or thing, rather than to

a large group.与一个人或事物相关而不是大集体

...waiting for the group to decide rather than making individual

decisions...

Aid to individual countries would be linked to progress towards

democracy.

Divide the vegetables among four individual dishes.

2．An individual is a person.一个人

...anonymous individuals who are doing good things within our

community.

...the rights and responsibilities of the individual...

A child's awareness of being an individual grows in stages during

the pre-school years.

3．If you describe someone or something as individual, you mean that you admire them because they are very unusual and do not try to

imitate other people or things.因为东西或者是人不模仿其他而带有

欣赏性的形容词

It was really all part of her very individual personality.

The language is highly individual.

personal：1．A personal opinion, quality, or thing belongs or relates to one particular person rather than to other people.个人而非其他人拥有的 He learned this lesson the hard waymfrom his own personal experience.

That's my personal opinion.

...books, furniture, and other personal belongings...

Refugees also complain that soldiers steal food and personal

property from them and demand bribes in exchange for food or shelter.

The President arrived, followed by his personal bodyguard.

...an estimated personal fortune of almost seventy million dollars.

2．If you give something your personal care or attention, you deal with it yourself rather than letting someone else deal with it.亲自或个

人去做而不是由其他人代劳

...a business that requires a great deal of personal contact.

...a personal letter from the President's secretary...

People do not mind paying a bit extra for the personal touch.

3．Personal matters relate to your feelings, relationships, and health.