高中英语五大句型讲解优选教学课件

（不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall
like a tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
㈡谓语：
说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语: 由动词或动词词组组成：
基本句型二： Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的 特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:
1. 表 示 特 征 和 存 在 状 态 的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2. 表 示 状 态 延 续 的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
常跟双宾语的动词有：
（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, pass(递、传）, offer, send, take, teach, tell, write, ask, show等；
（ 需 借 助 for 的 ） bring, buy, cook, choose, find, get, make, sing等。
（八）同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况.
We young people should respect the old.名 词
He himself will do the experiment.代词 He told me the news that our team won the
is smells felt looks is is became turned
an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warm. red.
基本句型 三 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具 有实义，
smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get, grow,come, go等。 系动词不用于被动语态.
The apple tastes sweet.
That sounds good.
1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious. 4. I’m not quite myself today. 5. Who was the first? 6. The book is what I need.
3. 表 示 状 态 变 化 的 become, get, turn, go, fall, come, grow;
Ｓ
Link-Ｖ（系
动词）
Ｐ(表语)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face
the answer? her. meal everyday. cakes. some apples. English very much. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
基本句型四:
Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（事物）”组成。
The little girl is drawing a picture.
（三）宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.
He gave me some books.
间接宾语 直接宾语
Please pass me the book. He bought me some flowers. I like my job. I love you. He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games.
（主＋谓）
基本句型二： Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ
（主＋系＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ
（主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一：Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓）
本结构是由主语+不及物动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动 作。
例：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。 The red sun rises in the east. Tom left yesterday. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.
game.从句 He told me the news that I am interested in.
从句
句子成分练一练：
1.Class begins at eight.
2.The kind teachers meeting.
are having a
3.This is the student who was absent yesterday.
二、简单句的五种基本句型：
英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化， 难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共 同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及 其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌 握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ
illness. He always comes late to school.
（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语 补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句 子的意义完整。 这类常用的及物动词有 make, consider, see, find,
call, get, have, let.
train.
I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an
orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his
都是主语产生的动作，必须跟有一个宾语， 即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类 动词叫做及物动词。
Ｓ Ｖ（实义动词）
Ｏ(宾语)
1. Who knows
2. She laugh at
3. He cooks
4. He made
5. They ate
6. Danny likes
7. I
want
8. He said
going to have a wonderful picnic
写一写：
1.我父母都是教师。 My parents are both teachers. 2.他今天看起来不开心。 He looks unhappy today. 3.帮助穷人是必须的。 It is necessary to help the poor. 4.这个故事发生在北京。 The story happened in Beijing. 5.我们学生应该努力学习。 We students should study hard.
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
He likes dancing.
（代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词）
Seeing is believing.
（动名词）
To see is to believe.
高中英语 五大 基本句型
一、句子成分： 定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 主要成分：主语和谓语 其他成分：宾语、定语、状语、补足语
（宾补）、表语、同位语。
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓
↓↓
↓
主谓 ↓
宾同
4.Put up your hand if you have any questions.
7.Who teaches your maths, Xiao Hua?
8.This story happened in London. 9.The rich should help the poor
get jobs. 10.This weekend, some of us are
I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them.
（七）表语
系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征.
常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,
状
语语 定 语
语位 语
语
㈠主语（subject）： 句子说明的人或事物 。
Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.
例：My mother bought me a birthday gift. He gave me a story book.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人）， 则要借助于介词to或for.
My mother bought a birthday gift for me. He gave a story book to me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
Mr. Johnson taught us German last year.
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事 。Grandma told me an interesting story
（五）状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.
I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the
I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语: 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
（四）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy. There are 67students in our class. Do you known betty’s sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home.