age of acquisition 语言学习关键期

stages, older
learners are more efficient
who begin at
the primary school level
than younger
learners.
don't fare better
in the long run.
Older learners
Explanation 2: The biological differences - the Critical Period Hypothesis
2. The developmental changes in 1.Old Thelearners CPH suggests that there is a 3. depend on more 4. It is argued that these general learning the brain affect the nature of time in learning human development when general abilities - the same abilities are not as successful for language language acquisition. the brain is predisposed for other ones they might use specific, to learn learning as the more innate Language learning which occurs success in language learning. kinds of skills or information. capacities which are available to the young after the end of the critical period e.g. child. may not be based on the innate
Phenomena
1
3
2. There are cases where adult second language learners have distinguished themselves by their exceptional performance e.g. Joseph Conrad
Phenomena
Age of acquisition
Outline
01
02
Phenomena 1 conditions
Explanation
2 Biological differences
03
Challenges of the the Critical Period Hypothesis
Phenomena
2
3
1. Children from immigrant families eventually speak the language of their new community with native-like fluency, but their parents rarely achieve such high levels of mastery of the spoken language. e.g.
1
2
3. Many adult second language learners became capable of communicating very successfully in the language，but accent, word choice, or grammatical features distinguish them from native speakers and from second language speakers who began learning the language while they were very young.
Explanation 1: Different conditions for language learning Young learners
more time and opportunity informal
no pressure
praise
complex
embarrassment
inadequacy e.g.
biological structures.
Challenges of the the Critical Period Hypothesis
1
I百度文库 the early
2
Younger learners
3
Many adult learners have reached high levels of proficiency in a second language.