复习一般现在时Microsoft Word 文档

复习一般现在时
今天是时态第一讲。

我们首先得琢磨时态的含义：“时态”包括事情发生的时间和存在的状态两方面。

“一般现在时”描述的是现在时间范围内事物通常发生的状况，表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。

详述如下：1.表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100o C.
2.表示现状,性质,状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。

Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
A:How often does she visit her parents? B:Twice a month.
3.表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作：
Are you on duty next weekend? The train leaves at 12:00.
Where do we go now?
Today is Friday, so tomorrow is Saturday.
My birthday is on a Sunday this year.
注：有时说话者对某一事实非常肯定,也用一般现在时：
The future is bright. Final victory is ours.
4.表示知觉,态度,感情,某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see,hear,smell,taste,feel, notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belong to, seem等：
I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house.
5.表示现在将要宣布某事：
I declare the meeting open. We learn Lesson Ten today.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
6.少数用于表示起止的动词如come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定,计划或安排要发生的动作。

当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。

Tomorrow is Wednesday.
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
7.当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在时（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。

引导一般现在时（有时也用现在完成时）的时间状语关系词有：after, when, before, until, till,the time,the moment, the minute,every time,any time, next time, as soon as等。

引导条件状语的关系词有：once, in case, if, only if,on condition that,so long as,as long as等。

When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.
You’ll achieve success on condition that you make every effort to study English well.
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
I’ll write to you when /the time /as soon as / immediately I am free.
Close the windows and doors and switch off the lights of our classroom in case /on condition
that/so long as/as long as /once you leave.
Hurry up,or /or else/otherwise we may miss the train.
By the time he comes, I will have left.
The film will have started by the time we get to the cinema
注：①除表示时间和条件的状语从句外,表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表示将来：
I’ll follow you wherever you go.
Whatever you say, I won’t believe you.
Whether you help him or not, he will fail the exam.
I’ll enjoy myself whether I win or lose the football game.
The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
We’ll probably drive faster than y ou do [will].
②另外,当主句为用将来时态时,定语从句也通常用一般现在时表将来：
I’ll give you all you ask for.
You can have anything I find.
Everyone who comes first will get a present.
③按照英语习惯,一个句子中若主要动词已经表明了所谈论动作的时间,那么与之相关的
其他动词就不必再次指明同一时间,而往往使用一个比较简单的时态,如用一般现在时表示一般将来时等。

比较：
This discovery means that we will spend less on food.
This discovery will mean that we spend less on food.
这两句意思都是：这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。

8.I see（明白）,I hear（听说）,I think（认为）,I feel（觉得）接句子，表达已经了解的情
况, 主句用一般现在时，从句可以根据需要用恰当的时态。

I see there’s some trouble in London.
在I hope , I bet, see (to it) 等后的宾语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来意义,但有时也可直接用将来时态：
I hope that you like [will like] it. I bet it rains [will rain] tomorrow.
9.在make sure(弄清楚), make certain(弄清楚), take care(注意,当心), be careful(注意,当
心),mind(注意),watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表示将来意义：Take care that it does not occur again.
We must take care that no one sees us.
Make sure you come back soon.
Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings.
Watch that the baby doesn’t go nea r the heater.
Mind you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them.
注：在it doesn’t matter, I don’t care, I don’t mind 等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在表示将来意义：
It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday.
Does it matter who goes first?
I don’t care whether we win or lose.
Don’t you care what happens to them?
See (to it) that children don’t catch cold.
I’ll see that nobody disturbs [will disturb] you.
注：see (to it) 后的that从句通常用一般现在时表将来,直接用将来的情形较少见。