虚拟语气 虚拟条件句的倒装

●虚拟语气的使用范围及判断

一虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。

二 if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断

If 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句（如在阴天说if it rains, we would not go out），反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。

三假设条件一般为：

1）与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时，主句动词为情态动词＋完成时态。

e.g. If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.

2）与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句动词为情态动词＋动词原形。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

3）与将来事实可能相反，从句谓语动词用过去将来时，主句动词为情态动词＋动词原形。

e.g. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.

主句谓语动词为情态动词（should, would, could）＋和相应的从句一致的动词形式。

四 if 条件句中如果有were, should, had, 可以省去if, 并使用倒装句序。

●宾语从句中的虚拟语气

一 wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断：

1．与现在和将来相反的事实，从句谓语动词用过去时态；

e.g. I wish I were a bird.

2．与过去相反的事实，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。

e.g. I wished he hadn’t done that.

二表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气从句用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should 可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。

e.g. I insisted that he (should) go with them.

He suggest that a meeting (should) be held to discuss the matter. He demanded that I (should) help him.

注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。

e.g. He insisted that he was honest.

The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what

I had done for him.

三 would rather + 从句

在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。

e.g. I would rather you did this instead of me.

主语从句中的虚拟语气

一 It be + 形容词+ that…. (should)….

用于该句型的形容词有： necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising, etc.

e.g. It is necessary that we should get everything ready by the end of the week.

It’s natural that he should feel hurt.

一些名词也可用于此结构中，如 a pity, no wonder, …..

二 It be + 过去分词＋that……(should)……

用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。

e.g. It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 三It is time (about time/ high time) that…..(过去时动词

虚拟语气虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were， should，或had 时，可省略if，再把were，should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：

Were they here now， they could help us. =If they were here now， they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。

Had you come earlier，you would have met him. =If you had come earlier，you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。

Should it rain， the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain， the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。

注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，

即在从句中be用were代替。例如：

If I were you， I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。

If he were here，everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题

_____ to do the work， I should do it some other day.