英美文化概况2
英美国家文化概况(中英文对照)-美国 精品
美国文化概况Chapter 1 Population, race and ethnic groups第一章人口和种族1) Introduction①American is the third most populous country in the world, with 255.5 million people. It isa nation of immigrants. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. There are many racial and ethnic groups. Between 80% and 90% of immigration in the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic counties. The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands. Population movements are common in America.美国是世界上的第三大人口国，总人口约2.555亿，仅次于中国和印度。
美国是一个移民大国，移民人口是其人口总数增长的重要原因。
美国的有着不同民族和种族的人口。
在目前美国移民人口中，80%-90%来自亚洲和西班牙语国家。
美国历史上最早的移民来自于英格兰和荷兰。
人口迁徙在美国十分普遍。
2) Black people and the Civil Rights Movement①blacks and slaveryThe largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., which 12.1 per cent of the population; the first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.美国最大的少数人种是黑人，占人口的12.1%；1619年最早的人人作为奴隶被运至美国。
英美文化名词解释（2）
英美文化名词解释（2）英语国家概况名词解释系列（1）Amerigo Vespucci----Amerigo Vespucci, a navigator, proved that the land was not India,but a new continent. Therefore, the land was named America after.The Puritans----The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen. They wanted to purify the Church of England and threatened with religious persecution, the Puritans leaders saw the New world as the a refuge provided by God for those He meant to save.英语国家概况名词解释系列（2）The Bill of Rights----In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the constitution were called the Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.The Emancipation Proclamation----After the Civil war began, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to win more support at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves in areas still controlled by the Confederacy.英语国家概况名词解释系列（3）Pilgrims Thanksgiving Day----The Pilgrims in 1620, 201 of them sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. The first winter after their arrival was very cold and when spring came, half of them were dead. Then the Indians came to their help and taught them how to grow corn. They had a good harvest that year. So they invited the Indians and held the first Thanksgiving celebration in America to give thanks to God.The Chunnel----In 1985 the British government and French government decided to build a channel tunnel, which is called “Chunnel”, under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined together by road. The Chunnel was open to traffic in May 1994.英语国家概况名词解释系列（4）Eisteddfod----Eisteddfod is the Welsh word for “sitting” National Eidteddfod is the most famous festival of music and verse in Wales. It takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the festival is competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh. The winner is crowned Board, considered the supreme honour in Wales. In this way the Welsh people keep the Welsh language and culture alive.Cockney----A cockney is a Londoner who is born within the sound of Bow Bells-the Bells of the church of St. Mary-LeBow in east London.英语国家概况名词解释系列（5）Stonehenge----It is a group of huge monuments of grant rock Slabs on salisbury plain in Southwest England built as long ago as the New Stone Age. It is generally believed that stonehenge served some sort of religious purposes.The Celts----The Celts came to Britain in three main waves. The first wave were the Gales, the second wave were the Brythons and the Belgae came about 150BC. The Celts were practised farmers. The Celtic tribes are ancestors of the Highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh, And their languages are the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic. They religion was Druidism.英语国家概况名词解释系列（6）Norman Conquest----The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William theconqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.Alfred the Great----He was king of Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. It was he who led the Anglo-Saxon to flight against the invading Danes and maintained peace for a long time. Alfred was not only a brave king at wartime, but also a wise king at peacetime. He encouraged education and introduced a legal system. He is known as “the father of the British navy”.英语国家概况名词解释系列（7）St. Augustine----In 597,Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery in Rome, t o England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. That year, St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. Augustine was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary activities of the monks in the north.Domesday Book----It is a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King William the First in 1086. The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent, value, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England. T oday, it is kept in the Public Records Office in London.英语国家概况名词解释系列（8）Geoffrey Chaucer----He was an important English poet in the fourteenth century. His best known is The Canterbury Tales, which describes a group of pilgrims travelling to Canterbury tovisit Thomas Becket’s tomb. Because he was the first impor tant English poet to write in English. He has been known as the “Father of English Poetry”.The Black Death----It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without warning, and without any cue. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences.英语国家概况名词解释系列（9）The Wars of Roses玫瑰战争----the name Wars of the Roses was refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the read rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485. Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory at Bosworth Fireld in 1485 and put ht country under the rule of the Tudors. From these Wars, English feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.The Glorious Revolution of 1688光荣革命---- In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution.英语国家概况名词解释系列（10）The Gunpowder Plot of 1605火药阴谋案----The GunpowderPlot of 1605 was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies. On Nov. 5,1605, a few fanatical Catholics attempted to blow King James and his ministers up in the House of Parliament where Guy Fawkes had planted barrels of gun-powder in the cellars. The immediate result was the execution of Fawkes and his fellow-conspirators and imposition of severe anti-Catholic laws. The long-term result has been an annual celebration on Nov. 5, when a bonfire is lit to turn a guy and a firework display is arranged. Blood Mary血腥玛丽----It is the nickname given to Mary I, the English Queen who succeeded to the throne after Henry VIII. She was a devout Catholic and had so many Protestants burnt to death that she is remembered less by her official title Mary I by her nickname Blood Mary.英语国家概况名词解释系列（11）Thatcherism撒切尔主义----The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weaking of trade forces unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.The Trade Union Act of 1871工会法----It legalized the trade unions and give financial security. It meant that in law there was no difference between money for benefic purposes and collecting it to support strike action.英语国家概况名词解释系列（12）Agribusiness农业产业----The new farming has been called “agribusiness”, because it is equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the processes which occur on the farm and outputs or products which leave the farm.British disease英国病----The term “British disease”is now often used to characterize Britain’s economic decline.英语国家概况名词解释系列（13）Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制----It is a political system that has been practised in Britain since the Glorious revolution of 1688. According to this system, the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the Queen acts solely on the advice of her ministers. She reigns but does not rule. The real power lies in the Parliament, or to be exact, in the House of Commons.Privy Council枢密院----A consultative body of the British monarch. Its origin can be traced back to the times of the Norman Kings. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, its importance was gradually diminished and replaced by the Cabinet. Today, it is still a consultation body of the British monarch, Its membership is about 400, and includes al Cabinet ministers, the speaker of the House of Commons, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, and senior British and Commonwealth statesmen.英语国家概况名词解释系列（14）The National Health Service----It is a very important part of the welfare system in Britain. It is a nationwide organization based on Acts of Parliament. It provides all kinds of free or nearly free medical treatment both in hospital and outside. It is financed mainly by payments by the state out of general taxation. People are not obliged to use this service. The service is achieving its main objectives with outstanding success.Comprehensive schools----Comprehensives schools take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide awide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.英语国家概况名词解释系列（15）Reuters----It was founded in 1851 by the German, Julius Reuter. It is now a publicly owned company, employing over 11000 staff in 80 countries. It has more than 1300 staff journalists and photographers.The Crown Court----A criminal court that deals with the more serious cases and holds sessions in towns throughout England and Wales. It is presided over either by a judge from the High Court of Justice or a local full-time judge.英语国家概况名词解释系列（16）The Great lakes----The Great Lakes are the five lakes in the northeast. They are Lake Superior which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan (the only one entirely in the U.S.), Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States expect Lake Michigan.The Mississippi----The Mississippi has been called “father of waters “or” old man river”. It and Its tributaries drain one of the richest farm areas in the world. It is the fourth longest river in the world and the most important river in the United States.英语国家概况名词解释系列（17）Uncle Tom’s Cabin----It was a sentimental but powerful antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It converted many readers to the abolitionist cause.Gettysburg----It refer to the short speech President Lincoln made when he dedicated the national cemetery at Gettyburg. He ended the speech with “the government of the people, by the people, for the people, sha ll not perish from the earth”.英语国家概况名词解释系列（18）The Red Scare----When the WWI was over, there existed a highly aggressive and intolerant nationalism. Between 1919 and 1920, the Red Scare happened. On Nov.7,1919 and Jan.2,1920, the Justice Department launched two waves of mass arrests. Over 4000 suspected Communists and radical were arrested.The New Deal----In order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of Americaneconomy.英语国家概况名词解释系列（19）Truman Doctrine----On Mar.12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine in his speech to the joint session of Congress. The Doctrine meant to support any country which said it was fighting communism.Marshall Plan----It was announced by George Marshall on June.5, 1947, and was the economic aid plan for Western Europe. It was also used to prevent the loss of Western Europe into the Soviet sphere.英语国家概况名词解释系列（20）London smog----In 195, the sulphur dioxide in the four-day London smog, an unhealthy atmosphere formed by mixing smoke and dirt with fog. It left 4000 people dead or dying. Since then most cities in Br itain have introduced “clean air zones” whereby factories and households are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.Family Doctor----In order to obtain the benefits of the NHS a person must normally be registered on the list of a general practitioner, someti mes known as a “family doctor”. The familydoctor gives treatment or prescribes medicine, or, if necessary, arranges for the patient to go to hospital or to be seen at home by a specialist.英语国家概况名词解释系列（21）Marvellous Melbourne----After the gold rush in 1850s and 1860s, there was an important revolution in transport, especially with the network of tram and railway systems. This changed the pace of urban life and the appearance of the city and soon people were calling the city “Marvellous Melbourne”. But by the 1890s outsiders were calling the city “Marvellous Melbourne” because of the bad smell of the city.Waitangi Day----In 1840 the first official governor, William Hobson, was sent to negotiate with Maori leaders. In 1840 Hobson, representing Queen Victoria, and some Maori chiefs, signed the Treaty of Waitangi. Modern New Zealand was founded. The anniversary of the signing, February 6, is celebrated as New Zealand National Day, Waitangi Day, and is a national holiday.英语国家概况名词解释系列（22）Multiculturalism----The term multiculturalism was coined in Canada in the late 1960s. It was in official use in Australia by 1973. In other words, under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to speak their own language and maintain their own customs. Multiculturalism as a policy recognizes that social cohesion is attained by tolerating differences within an agreed legal and constitutional framework.Quiet Revolution----Ever since 1763, when France lost its empire in North America to England, French Canadians have struggled to preserve their language and culture. In the early 1960s French Canadians became more vocal in their protests. In particular, they complained that were kept out of jobs ingovernment and in some large businesses because they spoke only French. They have been struggling more rights common which was called “Quiet revolution”.英语国家概况精讲系列（一）Chapter 1第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
英美概况知识点总结归纳
英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。
这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位，对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。
下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。
一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。
英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位，莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。
英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。
2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家，因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素，呈现出多元化和包容性。
美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力，如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。
3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁，互相影响。
英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力，而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。
二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代，罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。
英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国，殖民了大量领土。
20世纪初，英国逐渐衰落，但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。
2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻，但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。
美国独立战争后成为独立国家，并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
20世纪，美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国，对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。
3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地，双方有着深厚的历史渊源。
美国革命后，两国保持了密切的关系，经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。
三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是君主，首相是政府首脑。
英国的政治体系成熟稳定，经过数百年的发展，形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。
2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家，总统是国家元首和政府首脑。
英美文化概况-Lessen one--ten
Lesson 1 Geography : The LandThe whole and official name of the Union consisted of English , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , usually abbreviated to the United Kingdom or UK , Great Britain , or shortly Britain , or sometimes informally English .Britain is located in Western Europe and is parted from the European continent by the North Sea , the Strait of the Dover and the English Channel. The prime meridian of 0°just passes through the old observatory at Greenwich . Britain is a rather small country , accounting for less than 2% of the land area of the world and ranking about the 75th in size in the world . Though it is small in the both size and population , Britain has acted an important part in forming the modern world . It was once one of the oldest and strongest colonial powers in the world and ruled a vast empire , as said to be . " an empire on which the sun never sets ."The north and west of the England are hilly , partly shaped by the Cumbrian Mountain Range , the highest mountain peak of which is Scafell , the highest in England but the third highest mountain across the country . The main range of the Scotland in the Highland is the Grampian Mountains , which concluded Ben Nevis , the highest mountain on the island of the Great Britain .Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland , and the Glasgow , the largest city in Scotland . On the central plain locates Lough Neagh , the largest lake in the Britain . .the Thames River is the most important river in Britain . The river is navigable for large ships to London . the Severn River is The longest river in Britain . The Clyde and the Forth are the most important rivers in Scotland . The largest lake in England is Lake Windermere .Britain has a temperate maritime climate , which has three characteristics : more fogs or smog in winter , more rainy days but less sunny days , instability or changeability. Coal ,petroleum ,natural gas , iron ore , limestone ,clay , shale , and tin are the main natural resources in Britain . The most important are Coal and petroleum . The Ayrshire field in Scotland and the deposits of the Lowlands continue to supply Scotland industry . The leading anthracite fields in Britain are in Wales .Lesson 2 Geography : The PeopleOn the basis of the 2005 census , the whole population of Britain is about 60.2 million . Britain is the 3rd largest country in population in Europe . Britain has the one of the highest population densities in the world , about 10 times of the density of the U.S .The major people in Britain are the English , Scottish , Welsh and Irish . The English people , offspring of Anglo-Saxons . The Wales and Irish are the descendants of the Celts . The main language spoken in Britain are English , Gaelic and Welsh . English is the official language of the country and is spoken by most of the population . The 3 steps in the development of the English language are Old English , Middle English , Modern English ( Early Modern , Authoritarian English , Mature Modern , and Late Modern English .Britain : Christian country . either Protestants or Catholic . The church of England is the established church of the English nation . The King or Queen is the boss of the church and is crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury in Westminster Abbey . The Free Churches , the Baptists and the United Reformed Church , Quakers ,Methodists are part of the "non-conformist" group in Britain . The Roman Catholic Curch was much persecuted and very weak in England for a long time after the Reformation . the Jews , the Moslems and the Buddhists are The principle non-Christian communities in Britain . Christian regarded Sunday as the " Sabbath Day ."London , the capital of both England and the UK , has a population of about 7 million . The city of London , governed by the Lord Major , acts as the financial center of the country , where there is a concentration of banks . Now London is the great center of commerce , administration , culture and transportation of Britain , and one of the largest international ports in the world . Regard as the biggest manufacturing center , London has such industries as printing , publishing ,food processing , and so on . Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland , one of the important financial and transportation centers in Britain . Cardiff , the capital of Wales , one of the largest coal shipping ports in the world , and a center of Iron and steel industry in Britain .Belfast , the capital of Northern Ireland , is an important industries , commercial and cultural center in Northern Ireland .Birmingham is the second largest city in Britain . Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland , it is a shipping , industries and commercial center of Scotland . Liverpool is one of the largest ports in Britain . Manchester is one of the oldest cities in Britain .Lesson 3 British EconomyThe progresses of the relative of Britain Economy are as follows : Firstly , the country underwent a great loss in the 2 World Wars . Secondly , the era of the Britain Empire was finished . Thirdly , in spite of the relatively rapid and trouble-free process ofde-colonization , Britain was still forced to keep a abundant and expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960`s when the process was finished . Fourthly , during the war , British industry was badly ruined but survived unaffected .The problem is that although it has improved , other countries have improved more rapidly , thus the slide from being the 2nd largest economy to being the 6th , as it is at present . though Britain has experienced economic decline , the decline is relative to some other rather than complete.The British economy underwent a special bad stage in the 1970s when rates of the inflation reached up to 25% with the rises of the oil price . Under Margaret Thatcher , government expense was decreased , taxation , foreign exchanges controls lifted , rules governing banks loosened and worker strikes restricted . inflation came under control , and the business made profits . the negative aspect of the Thatcher`s reform was a rapid increase in unemployment .The national economy of the Britain can be divided into 3 main areas : primary industries , secondary industries , and tertiary industries . The British agriculture is highly efficient compared to France and Germany . It produce1.4% of the national wealth , which only 2% of the labor force that grow 58% of the food needed by the nation . Since oil and gas discovered under the north Sea , Britain has become one of the main producers of oil and gas and the 5th largest exporter of oil in the world . It repots about 1/6 of the total world exports of manufactured goods . It buys about 1/5 of the raw materials exported in the world .the pound sterling is Britain`s unit of currency . London is one of the top three financial centers in the world . Britain`s central bank is the Bank of England .Lesson 4 Political System : Parliament and GovernmentThe U.K still retains an old-fashioned government established on the foundation of the constitutional monarchy : the head of the state of the King or queen . The Britain has no written constitution . Theoretically the queen has all the power , but in reality , she has no real power at all . However, she acts a very important role in the whole system .Parliament : the sovereign , the house of Lords and the House of Commons. The house of Lords comprises hereditary and the life peers and the peeresses , with the the Lord Chancellor as the president of the house . The house of commons is made up of 650 members chosen from the country`s 630 constituencies , Mr. Speaker is the chairman in debates .Mr. Speaker is the second most powerful person in Britain . Parliament`s main functions : debating , making laws and supervising the government and finance .The British government : the Prime Minister and other ministers , who are formally nominated by the Queen according to the advice of the prime minster . The most senior ministers make up of the Cabinet , meets regularly under the chairmanship of the prime minister to decided government policy about major issues .There are over 12 departments under the leadership of the prime minister , some heads are entitled "minister" or "secretary" and some have special titles .The cabinet :the heads od the most important departments with a few ministers without departments . prime minister decides who will be included . The privy council has the formal power to make certain executive orders and proclamations .the head of government , the prime minister controls not only the Cabinet but also the parliament , as he or she is the leader of the majority party in the house of commons . The present prime minister is David Cameron , who become prime minister on May 2010.England is broken into 45 countries . Each country is subdivided into about 6 districts . Wales is divided into 8 countries and the 37 districts . Scotland 12 regions and Southern Ireland ,26 districts . Each of the local administrated areas( countries ,regions or districts) has elected council of its own as local authority .Lesson 5 Political system : Party Politics and JudiciaryThere are three major national parties in Britain :The conservative party and the Labor Party and the Liberal Democrats . Two main political parties dominate the political scene : the conservative party ( openly helps the monopolist to getsuper-profits) and ( practices social democracy or bourgeois reformism) the Labor Party ( both bourgeois in nature ), have been in power by turns sine the end of WW ‖ . The liberal Democratic is been as the party of the "middle ," occupying the ideological ground between the two main parties . The general election in Britain is held every 5 years . Lords in the house of lords cannot be voters in the general election .The conservative party developed out of the Tory party , the Labor Party developed out of the Whip party .For the election purpose , Britain is divided into 651constituencies , each of which elects one member of the house of commons . The deposit a candidate has to pay is supposed to prevent people from running just for a joke. Compiling a register of voters in the duty of a Returning Officer in a constituency . The party that has the majority of seats in the house of Commons will from the government . Common law in Britain may be said to consist of previous court decisions .Serious cases arising in trade and maritime affairs in Britain are dealt with by the Queen`s bench division of the high court of justice . The supreme civil trial court in Scotland is the outer house of the court of session . Death penalty for murder in Britain was abolished in 1969 . Borstal institutions for young offenders in Britain provide courses of training .All police forces in Britain outside London are supported and paid by county councils . The famous "Scotland Yard" refers to CID . The operation zone of the Metropolitan Police covers Greater London .The central courts in Britain include the high court of justice and the court of appeal , the house of Lords and the Privy council . The three divisions of the high court of justice are the chancery ,Family Queen`s Bench divisions . The local courts in England are the magistrate courts and the country courts and the others. The Scottish highest court of justice divided into the criminal session and the court of session that has an inner court house and the outer house .Lesson 6 History : Early Man and the Feudal SocietyThe earliest settlers on the Britain Isles were the Iberians and Celts . From 700 B.C. The Celts came from the Upper Rhineland and began to inhabit British Isles . In A.D.43 Romes under the Claudius conquered Britain .Rome Britain lasted until the year ofA.D 410 when all Rome troops went back to the continent . In the middle of the 5th century , Anglo-Saxons came from the region of Denmark and the Low Countries and settled in Britain .The early Anglo-Saxons were worships of natural forces . However , a christian mission under St. Augustine came from Rome in 597 . By the end of the 7th century all England had been Christianized . In the late 8th century the Denes or Scandinavians began to attack the English coast . The new aristocracy , the thegn , had appeared by the 10th century in Britain .From 1017---1042 England was ruled by Danish kings .Edward had promised his kingdom to William , but on his deathbed he changed his idea and gave the kingdom to Harlod . This led to the Norman Conquest of 1066 . Doomsday book was in fact a record each man`s property. The war between Matilda and Stephen resulted in the establishment of the house of Plantagenet .The Great charter was made in the interest of the feudal lords . the Great charter aimed at restricting the power of the king . Simon called the " all Estates parliament " in 1265 . The first British parliament was summoned in the year of 1265 . King Edward I summoned the " all Estates parliament " in the year of 1295 , which is known in history as " the model Parliament ".In 1327 , Parliament forced Edward II hand over his crown to his son .Lesson 7 History : Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois RevolutionEdward III launched the Hundred Year`s war , which was a feudal war and a trade war , was one of the history events that marked the decline of the feudalism in Britain . the Hundred Year`s war was a against France for the French crown and for the industries city of Flanders. From 1343 onward , parliament was divided into two chambers . Black death to some extent brought higher and greater freedom to villains . The statutes of Laborers issued by the government of Edward III introduced cruel punishment for those who refused to work .In 1381 , peasants in Essex first rebelled . The closure of land turned a large number of peasants in to landless men . Wars of roses were fought intermittently between Lancastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to 1465 . During the wars of roses common people were little affected . The house of Tudor was founded in 1485 . The British Bourgeois took place in the 17th century . The two centuries just before the outbreak of the Bourgeois Revolution were a period of capital accumulation .The renaissance was a cultural movement by humanist , spread into England under the Tudors . During the renaissance , the theatre attained great popularity under the Elizabeth .Puritans were Christians , were opposed to Charles I and his ideas , wished to purify the Church of England . The commoners who drew up the Grand Remonstrance had already escaped before Charles I burst into parliament . The restoration of Charles II took place in the year of 1660 .The king`s men at the beginning of the First civil war were called cavaliers . The first civil war lasted for 4 years . The second civil war was fought in the year of 1648 .England was cruelly ruled by Cromwell in the period of the commonwealth . Cromwell suppressed the diggers , liked Levelers in the army , conquered Ireland . The " Glorious Revolution " of the 1688 put William of orange " on the throne , was actually a bloodless coupdetat by the Bourgeois in 1688 . the British Bourgeois revolution exerted exerted great influence on French and the American revolution in the 18th century .Lesson 8 History :The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist MovementThe Industrial Revolution was a Revolution in both the method of production and the relations of production . It began in the textile Industrial in the 1760s and lasted until 1840s . The closures in the 18th century resulted in the appearance of Capitalist farms , labor reserve and an exception of national market .In the 17th and 18th centuries , England fought a series of wars with Holland and France and won supremacy . After the 7 years` war England become the strongest sea power and dominated world trade . As a result of the Industrial Revolution , the Industrial Bourgeois gained supremacy in both economic and political life of the country . Productivity was greatly increased . Many cities sprang up . The rapid growth of capitalism caused miseries disasters among the working people .Oliver twist was written Charles Dickens . People`s Charter was a petition to Parliament drawn by workers organized in London Workingmen`s Association in 1837 . The chartist movement reached its height in 1839-1842 . The failure of Chartism is largely duo to the divided leadership and lack of a strong basis for class and influence of Utopian and petty-bourgeois ideologies .James Hargreaves invented the "spinning Jenny ". One of the Corn Laws placed a ban on wheat import when the prize fell below 50 shillings per quarter. The term "Rotten Boroughs " means constituencies in the house of Commons . The people`s Charter was not accepted by Parliament . The ten-hour Act prohibited young persons and females to work in any factory longer than ten hours a day . The author of wealth of Nations is Adam Smith . The principle of population was formulated by Thomas Malthus .Lesson 9 History : The British Empire and Britain In two World Wars andpost-war PeriodsThe British Empire begin with the founding of Newfoundland in 1583 , and fell after the end of the second World war . The East India Company was given right to enlist army , enforce law ,declare war and make peace in India . India served as a gangplank for the British colonies to expand their colonies and spheres of influence in India . The British Empire reached the pinnacle of its colonial expansion after the First World War . The two imperialist blocks that had been formed just before the outbreak of World War I were Triple Alliance and Triple Entente . The three features of imperialism were foreign territorial expansion , the export of capital and monopoly .Nearly three million British soldiers were killed and wounded and 70% of the her merchant ships were sunk or damaged in World War I . Consequently British lost her sea supremacy after the end of the War . And she came out of the War with a huge debt .In 1920 and 1921 an economic crisis broke our for the first time sine the end of the first World War . The most serious economic crisis that British had ever experienced before World War II lasted from 1929 to 1933 . The working class struggle reached its climax in the General Strike of 1926 .Britain`s foreign policy in the years between the two World Wars was characterized by its hostility toward the young Soviet and the policy of non-intervention and appeasement toward Fascist aggression . The second World war sealed the fate of the British Empire .Britain`s serious economic troubles after the second World War produced such effects as devaluation of pound Sterling , inflation and debts . In 1950 Britain recognized the People`s republic of China . And in 1972 China and Britain established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank .The Munich Agreement was a non-aggression pact between Britain and France on the one hand and Nazi Germany on the other . In 1941 Japan attack pearl Harbor . The British Commonwealth of Nations is a phony organization . The underlying aim of Thatcherism is denationalization . Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in 1990 mainly because of the high rate of unemployment .Lesson 10 Education in BritainEducation in Britain is carried out in three stages : primary ,secondary and the higher education . Eduction in Britain is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 16 . All state schools in Britain are non-tree paying institutions . CSE , "A" Level of GCE and "O" Level of GEC are for schooling . University that were founded between 1850 and 1930 are called Redbrick University . All university in Britain are private institutionsThe main responsibility for administering education in Britain is left to Local education authorities . The examinations for GCE are conducted by examining boards . Entry to university in Britain is competitive .All teachers in the state system must spend some time in the department or school of education of a university . Supplements are paid to teachers who have first or second class honors degrees . The term of early September to mid-December is known as Christmas . University terms are longer . The general grant needed by states schools in Britain is provided by the Treasury . In Britain , most children start their schooling at the age of 5 in an infant . Under the old selective system ,pupils sit for an examination called the 11-plus in the their last year at primary school . Pupils with the highest marks in the "11 plus" examination go to grammar schools ."Co-educational" means with boys and girls mixed together . Those who do well in the examination of "A"Level of GCE . Can go on to university for study . Independent schools are schools that operate outside the state school system and are private educational institutions .Secondary schools students are required to take at least one of the three certificates to demonstrate their educational attainment . The open university is so called because it is open to people of all ages . The academic year for schools begins after the summer holidays and is divided into three terms . The general pattern for school holidays is about 2 weeks at Christmas and Easter and 8 weeks in the summer .。
英美文化概况试题2.doc
山东经济学院2010-2011学年第1学期期末试题英美文化概况(110126)试卷(2)题号—'二二四五八七八九十总分得分签字注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效I . Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1.The first English permanent settlement was founded in Califomia.F2.W hen people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britainsometimes, t3.B y the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready toseparate themselves from Europe. T4.Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5.Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T7.W hen George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has two prominentelements: isolationism and faith in military strength.8.A merican foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F9.T oday, the United States has two major political parties. One is the DemocraticParty and the other is the Republican Party.10.Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F11.The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancientwarriors, t12.Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidatefor public office. F13.The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from hissubjects. F14.The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 Americanmilitary bases in the UK. T15.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F16.British universities are public bodies which receive funds from centralgovernment. T17.When the War of Independence was over, the United States was oneunified nation as it is today. F18.One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted by acollege is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests, t19.It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F20.Wales is rich in coal deposits. TII. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21.W hich of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modemdevelopment of Europe? DA.The growth of capitalism.B.The Renaissance.C.The Religious Reformation.D.The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.22.The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A.teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education23.W hich of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy? AA.The Queen of BritainB.The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC.The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D.The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.24.What did the US mean by containment? AA.It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking out ofits sphere of influence.B.It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached paritywith the US in nuclear forceC.It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD.It intended to shift the balance of terror25.In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true? CA.Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high school.C.Elementary school, secondary school.D.Junior high school, senior high school.26.Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA.the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center27.Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare's time? AA.attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football28.Which of the following states refused to participate in the ConstitutionalConvention? BA.VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29.The following were the main Reformation leaders except B.A.Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry VID.30.Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA.cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing31.In Britain, __ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc.bA.the QueenB.the Prime MinisterC.the Lord President of the CouncilD.the Speaker of the House of Commons32.Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year's Day33.Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham34.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A.can legally receive partly free education.B.can legally receive completely free education.C.can not receive free education at all.D.can not receive free education if their parents are rich.35.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? AA.It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B.It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C.It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D.It has no written form of Constitution.36.Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because D.A.there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B.the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C.there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D.the English king did not like the plan.37.In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students must meetthe following requirements except that D.A.they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB.they make good impressions during the interviewsC.they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD.they pass the college entrance examinations38.Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people39.Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct rule" from London? DA.the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B.the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C.the power-sharing policy couldn't be carried out.D.all the above40.Which of the following schools would admit children without reference totheir academic abilities? AA. Comprehensive schoolsB. Secondary schoolsC. Independent schoolsD. Grammar schoolsIII.Tell what you know about the following in your own words.（本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）prehensive schools42.The Bill of Rights43.The making of Britain's foreign policy44.The functions of Parliament45.The strategy of PreemptionIV.Answer one of the following questions.（本大题任选一题，20 分）46.In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47.How do you understand that Britain has a "special relationship,, with the US?。
专业课程《英美概况2》
专业课程《英美概况2》目录•课程介绍与教学目标•英国篇：政治、经济与社会制度•美国篇：政治、经济与社会制度•英美文化：传统、习俗与价值观•英美教育：体系、特点与发展趋势•英美科技：创新、应用与影响•总结与展望：深化对英美的理解与认识01课程介绍与教学目标《英美概况2》课程简介01本课程是英语专业的一门必修课程，旨在帮助学生深入了解英国和美国的历史、文化、政治、经济等方面的知识。
02通过本课程的学习，学生可以更好地理解和分析英美两国的社会现象和问题，提高跨文化交际能力。
03本课程采用多媒体教学和课堂讨论相结合的方式，鼓励学生积极参与和互动。
教学目标与要求知识目标掌握英美两国的基本概况，包括历史、文化、政治、经济等方面的知识。
能力目标能够运用所学知识分析和解决与英美两国相关的问题；提高跨文化交际能力。
情感目标培养学生对英美文化的兴趣和好奇心，增强跨文化意识和国际视野。
教材及参考书目教材《英美概况教程》（第二版），高等教育出版社。
参考书目《英国文化史》、《美国文化史》、《英美政治制度比较》等。
同时建议学生积极利用网络资源，如BBC、CNN等英文媒体，以及各类学术网站和数据库，获取最新的信息和资料。
02英国篇：政治、经济与社会制度英国政治制度及改革议会制度英国实行议会制，议会是最高立法机关，由上议院和下议院组成。
议会拥有立法权、财政权和监督权。
内阁制度英国内阁由首相和若干名大臣组成，是最高行政机关。
首相由下议院多数党领袖担任，负责组建内阁并领导政府。
选举制度英国实行普选制，选民通过投票选举产生议员和地方政府官员。
选举采取简单多数制，即获得最多选票的候选人或政党获胜。
英国经济发展现状与趋势经济现状英国是世界第五大经济体，拥有高度发达的工业、服务业和金融业。
伦敦是世界著名的金融中心之一。
经济发展趋势近年来，英国经济保持稳定增长，但面临着一些挑战，如人口老龄化、生产率增长缓慢等。
未来，英国经济将继续向数字化、绿色化和全球化方向发展。
英美文化总结
英美文化总结概述英美文化是指英国和美国的文化遗产和特点，是两个国家长期发展和交流的结果。
英美文化的影响已经深入到世界各地，不仅在语言、艺术、文学等方面有着重要地位，同时也对全球的商业、科技和娱乐产业产生了巨大的影响。
语言和礼仪1.英语是英美文化的核心，是英国和美国的官方语言。
英语的发音和用法在两个国家之间存在一些差异。
英语的标准发音在英国是以“BBC English”为准，而在美国则有许多不同的口音和方言。
2.礼仪方面，英美文化都强调独立、自由和平等的价值观。
两国人民注重个人隐私，对待陌生人通常保持一定的距离。
在商务场合，英美人喜欢直接交流，并注重准时和守约。
饮食文化1.英美文化的饮食以肉类和烤肉为主，同时还注重蔬菜和谷物的搭配。
英式早餐以煎蛋、培根、烤豆和香肠为主要食物，而美国的早餐则更多样化，包括煎饼、炒蛋、香肠和烤土豆。
2.英国人喜欢品茶，下午茶也是英国文化中的一个重要组成部分。
而美国人则更喜欢咖啡，咖啡文化在美国非常流行，咖啡店也遍布大街小巷。
衣着和风格1.英美文化在时尚领域有着重要的影响力。
英国的时尚与传统和高雅结合，以品牌和设计师服装为主。
英国人注重身体轮廓和永恒的款式。
2.美国的时尚则更注重自由、个性和舒适。
美国的衣着风格多元化，有各种流行的潮流和派系。
美国人喜欢穿着休闲和运动风格的服装。
艺术和文学1.英美文化在艺术和文学方面都有着重要的地位。
英国文学以莎士比亚、狄更斯等伟大作家为代表，世界上许多经典文学作品都出自英国的作家之手。
2.美国文学则以马克·吐温、海明威等作家为代表，美国文学在20世纪产生了广泛的影响。
美国的电影工业也非常发达，好莱坞成为世界电影的中心。
节日和庆祝活动1.英美文化中有许多重要的节日和庆祝活动。
例如，英国的圣诞节、复活节和万圣节都是重要的传统节日，人们会在这些节日中聚会、交换礼物和享受美食。
2.美国的独立日、感恩节和圣诞节也是重要的庆祝活动。
美国人喜欢举办盛大的游行和烟火表演，与家人和朋友共度时光。
英美概况第二版
THANK YOU
感谢各位观看
和技能培训。
02
美国教育改革
美国教育改革关注提高教育质量、缩小教育差距、促进教育公平等议题，
同时推动STEM教育和职业教育的发展。
03
发展趋势
英美两国都在积极探索教育创新，注重培养学生的创新能力和实践能力，
以适应快速变化的社会需求。同时，两国都在加强国际交流与合作，推
动教育的国际化发展。
05
英美文学与艺术概览
国际贸易，对外投 资，吸引外资
教育体系
高等教育，职业教 育，中小学教育
Байду номын сангаас3
美国概况
美国历史与文化
美国的起源与历史发展
美国的文学、艺术与音乐
从13个殖民地的建立到独立战争，再 到西进运动、南北战争等关键历史节 点。
如马克·吐温、海明威等文学巨匠，以 及好莱坞电影、百老汇音乐剧等艺术 成就。
美国的多元文化
美国经济与社会发展
美国的经济发展历程
01
从工业革命到现代经济体系的建立，包括农业、制造业、服务
业等产业的发展。
美国的社会福利制度
02
如社会保障、医疗保险、失业保险等制度的建立和实施情况。
美国的教育与科技
03
包括高等教育、科研创新等方面的成就和挑战，以及硅谷等科
技中心的崛起。
04
英美教育制度比较
教育理念与特点比较
英国概况
英国历史与文化
中世纪英国
文艺复兴时期
盎格鲁-撒克逊人的入侵， 诺曼征服，中世纪的封
建制度
伊丽莎白时代，莎士比 亚的戏剧，英国文艺复
兴的成就
工业革命
纺织机的发明，蒸汽机 的应用，工业革命的影
《英美概况》中文版完整版 (2)
英美概况一、引言英美是世界上最具影响力的两个国家之一。
它们在政治、经济、文化等方面都具有重要地位，对全球事务产生着巨大影响。
本文将介绍英美的概况，包括其地理、历史、政治体制、经济特征、文化传统等方面的内容。
二、地理特征英美地理上位于北美洲和欧洲西北部。
英国是由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和其他岛屿组成的岛国，而美国则横跨北美洲的中北部，拥有广袤的土地和多样的地貌。
两国均享有得天独厚的地理优势，拥有丰富的自然资源。
英国气候温和多雨，其著名的乡村风光和城市景观吸引了众多游客。
美国的气候多样，从亚热带到温带再到寒带都有覆盖，其自然景观包括大峡谷、黄石国家公园等世界级的自然奇观。
三、历史沿革英美的历史源远流长。
英国自古以来就是一个重要的国家，曾经统治过英帝国，将其文化和制度传播到全球各地。
美国则在17世纪开始建立，经过独立战争后成为一个独立自主的国家。
英国和美国在历史上有着密切的联系。
美国的政治制度和法律体系受到了英国的影响，英文也成为美国的官方语言之一。
两国之间的经济合作也非常紧密，互为重要的贸易伙伴。
四、政治体制英国是一个君主立宪制国家，现在的国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世。
英国的政治制度相对稳定，民主成熟，议会制度是其核心。
议会分为两院，下议院成员由选举产生，上议院则由继承、任命和制度推举产生。
美国是一个联邦制共和国，政府采取三权分立的制度。
总统是国家元首和政府首脑，由选举产生。
国会由参议院和众议院构成，代表着各州和人民的利益。
美国政治体制注重权力平衡和制衡，保障了国家的稳定和民主。
五、经济特征英美在经济上都属于高收入国家，拥有发达的市场经济。
英国是全球最重要的金融中心之一，伦敦市是世界金融的核心。
英国的经济以金融、保险、制造业和创新科技为支柱。
美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的经济实力和产业基础。
其经济结构多样化，包括工业、农业、服务业等多个领域。
美国的创新和科技水平世界领先，许多科技巨头诞生于美国。
六、文化传统英美文化有着广泛的影响力。
英美文化概况课件
宗教信仰与道德观念
宗教信仰
英国的宗教信仰主要是基督教，而美国则更 为多元化，包括基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教 等。
道德观念
英国人重视传统道德观念和社会秩序，而美 国人则更注重个人自由和权利。
05
跨文化交际策略
BIG DATA EMPOWERS TO CREATE A NEW
ERA
提高跨文化意识
意识到文化差异的存在
的独特性。
避免文化优越感
02
不以自己文化的标准去评判其他文化，认识到每种文化都有其
独特的价值和意义。
促进平等交流
03
在交际过程中，平等对待不同文化背景的人，避免歧视或排斥
。
掌握跨文化交际技巧
提高语言沟通能力
学习并掌握英语或其他跨文化交际语言，以 便更好地交流和理解。
灵活应对文化冲突
遇到文化冲突时，能够灵活调整自己的交际 策略，化解矛盾和误解。
善于倾听和观察
在交际过程中，积极倾听对方的意见和观点 ，观察对方的文化习俗和行为方式。
利用文化知识解决实际问题
将所学的文化知识运用到实际交际中，提高 解决跨文化交际问题的能力。
BIG DATA EMPOWERS TO CREATE A NEW ERA
06
英美文化在全球化背景下的影响与传 播
英美文化在全球的传播与影响
ERA
美国历史与民族
美国历史
从殖民地时期、独立战争、西进运动到现代社会，美国历史的演变塑造了其独 特的民族性格和文化。
多元民族
美国是一个多元民族的国家，各个族群带来了各自的文化传统和习俗，形成了 丰富多彩的民族特色。
美国文学与电影
文学
美国文学深受欧洲文学的影响，同时又具有独特的创新性， 如马克·吐温、海明威等作家的作品。
英美文化概况ppt课件
Capital: Belfast贝尔法斯特
Area: -10%
History: Ireland was conquered by England in the 17th C
Scotland苏格兰
Capital: Edinburgh爱丁堡
Area: - 30%
3. Rivers and Lakes
Rivers: River Clyde克莱德 , the most important in Scotland River Severn 塞文河 (355 km), the longest in the UK River Thames 泰晤士河(336km), the second longest but the most
beautiful rock scenery
Lake Poets 湖畔诗人- William Wordsworth 华兹华斯 in the 19th Century, a passive romantic poet消极浪漫主义诗人
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
“Ireland” = the Republic of Ireland+ Northern Ireland
爱尔兰岛 =爱尔兰共和国+北爱尔兰
Full name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 (Britain / Great Britain / UK for short)
英美文化概论
英美文化概论导言：在全球化的今天，英美文化已成为世界范围内广泛接受和影响深远的文化形式。
英美文化的独特性和多样性使其融入了各个层面的社会生活。
本文将对英美文化进行概述，包括英美文化的起源、主要特征和影响力等方面。
一、起源1. 英美文化的历史背景英美文化源于英国和美国两个国家，两国在历史发展中形成了独特的文化基因。
英国作为美国的殖民地，英国文化是美国文化的重要来源之一。
17世纪至18世纪期间，随着大量移民的涌入，欧洲文化也对美国文化的形成产生了影响。
2. 英美文化的多样性英美文化是一个多元且充满活力的文化体系。
它包括了英国各个地区的本土文化以及美国不同地区和种族背景的文化。
这种多样性使英美文化具备了包容性和创造性。
二、主要特征1. 语言英语是英美文化的基本媒介和表达方式。
英美英语具有许多共同点，但也有一些差异，如发音、词汇和语法等方面。
同时，英语在英美文化中的地位也是相当重要的。
2. 文学英美文学以其独特的风格和世界知名的作家而闻名。
从莎士比亚到丽兹·堤勒，英美文学不仅包括古典作品和传统文学，还涵盖了现代文学和儿童文学等多个领域。
3. 音乐英美文化中的音乐具有广泛的影响力。
从古典音乐到流行音乐，英美的音乐创作和表演都具有独特的风格和特点。
如披头士乐队、迈克尔·杰克逊等，这些音乐人和乐队都成为了英美音乐文化的重要代表。
4. 电影英美电影是全球最具影响力的电影产业之一。
从好莱坞到英国电影，这些电影以其独特的剧情和制作质量广受欢迎。
同时，英美文化对于电影风格、故事情节以及电影产业的发展都起到了重要推动作用。
5. 社交礼仪英美文化中的社交礼仪和行为规范也是其特征之一。
英美人民注重礼节和谦和，在社交场合中会注重礼貌的表达和行为举止。
例如，握手、微笑、道谢等行为是英美社交礼仪中的常见做法。
三、影响力1. 全球影响力由于英美文化的广泛传播和深入影响，其对全球的影响力不言而喻。
无论是英语的普及、英美文学的翻译与传播，还是英美电影和音乐在全球范围内的流行，都体现了英美文化的全球影响力。
英美概况知识点总结
英美概况1. 概述英美是指英国和美国，两个国家在历史、文化、经济等方面有着紧密的联系。
英国是位于欧洲的一个岛国，拥有悠久的历史和文化传统；美国是位于北美洲的一个大陆国家，是世界上最强大的经济体之一。
2. 历史背景2.1 英国历史英国的历史可以追溯到公元前1万年左右的旧石器时代。
公元43年，罗马帝国入侵不列颠岛，并建立了不列颠罗马省。
5世纪时，盎格鲁-撒克逊人开始从欧洲大陆迁徙至不列颠岛，建立了各个王国。
9世纪时，威塞克斯王朝统一了英格兰。
1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉一世在哈斯丁斯战役中击败了英格兰的哈罗德二世，并建立了诺曼底王朝。
14世纪后期，英法百年战争爆发，在这场战争中英格兰失去了大部分法国领土。
16世纪初，亨利八世发动宗教改革，英格兰成为新教国家。
17世纪中期，英国爆发了内战，最终奥利弗·克伦威尔夺取政权并建立了共和国。
1660年，英国恢复君主制。
18世纪后期至19世纪初期，工业革命在英国兴起，使其成为当时的工业中心。
19世纪时，英国成为世界上第一个工业化的国家，并在全球范围内建立了庞大的殖民帝国。
2.2 美国历史美洲大陆最早的居民是印第安人。
1492年，哥伦布发现了美洲大陆，并开启了欧洲人对美洲的探索和殖民活动。
17世纪初，英格兰开始向北美洲殖民，并建立了13个殖民地。
这些殖民地于1776年宣布独立，成立了美利坚合众国。
19世纪初至中期，美国经历了西部拓荒运动、南北战争等重要事件。
南北战争结束后，废除奴隶制度，美国逐渐工业化和现代化。
20世纪初至中期，美国崛起为世界上最强大的经济体之一。
两次世界大战后，美国成为超级大国，并在冷战时期与苏联展开了长达几十年的对抗。
3. 政治制度3.1 英国政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，君主是英国的元首，但权力受到议会的限制。
议会分为上议院和下议院，下议院中的议员由选举产生。
英国政府由内阁和首相领导。
首相通常来自于执政党的领袖。
英国政治体系注重权力分立和民主原则。
百科知识英美文化
英美文化指的是英国和美国的文化，是西方文化中最具代表性和影响力的两个文化体系。
以下是一些百科知识关于英美文化的介绍：
语言：英语是英美文化最重要的标志之一，也是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。
英国和美国的英语存在一些差异，比如发音、用词和拼写等方面，但两国之间的英语交流非常广泛。
文学：英美文化是全球文学的重要组成部分，代表作品包括莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说、哈姆雷特、傲慢与偏见、老人与海等。
此外，英美文化也涌现了许多重要的诗人、散文家和剧作家，对世界文学的发展产生了巨大的影响。
音乐：英美文化中的音乐非常丰富多样，包括摇滚、流行、爵士、蓝调等多种类型。
代表性音乐人包括披头士、滚石乐队、麦当娜、迈克尔·杰克逊等。
电影：英美文化对电影的发展和影响也非常深远。
好莱坞是全球最著名的电影产业中心之一，出品的电影涵盖了各种类型和风格，例如《泰坦尼克号》、《阿凡达》、《星球大战》等。
饮食：英美文化的饮食也具有独特的特点。
英国著名的传统饮食包括鱼和薯条、炸鱼、牛肉派等；美国则以汉堡包、热狗、牛排、炸鸡等为代表的快餐食品闻名。
此外，英美文化中也存在着丰富多样的甜点和饮品，例如英国的下午茶和美国的星巴克咖啡等。
以上是一些百科知识关于英美文化的介绍，展现了英美文化的丰富多彩和深厚历史，也揭示了英美文化对于全球文化、艺术和娱乐的重要影响和贡献。
英美文化讲义
英美文化讲义文化是一个民族精神的集合体，是一种生活方式和文明积淀的体现。
英美文化作为世界上最有影响力的文化之一，一直受到世界范围内的关注和推崇。
本文从不同角度对英美文化的方方面面进行介绍。
一、历史文化英美文化源远流长，有着悠久的历史和文化积淀。
从英国的莎士比亚、狄更斯到美国的爱迪生、林肯，英美文化的历史人物和文学艺术家层出不穷，他们的作品在世界文化史上占据了重要地位。
英美文化还有其它独具特色的文化遗产，如英国的乡间庄园文化、美国的“牛仔文化”等，这些文化不仅是英美文化独有的，也是世界文化宝库的重要组成部分。
二、价值观念英美文化的价值观念深刻影响了现代世界。
其中最重要的是民主、自由和平等。
英国和美国都是历史悠久的民主国家，这种价值观贯穿于每个人的心中，民主体制为政治、经济和社会发展提供了良好的制度保障。
自由是英美文化的核心，自由思想体现了人类自我意识和自我解放的过程，这种解放为人类社会的文明进步奠定了基础。
平等是英美法治文化的体现，它是一个人能够自由发挥才华和创造的基础，一直为人类的发展提供了有力支持。
三、礼仪文化英美文化的礼仪文化和人文气息也一直吸引世界的目光。
英国和美国虽然分别位于亚欧大陆和美洲大陆，但是文化上的交流和互动一直非常广泛和深入，成为有着相同礼仪文化的代表国家之一。
“英吉利”国家是非常重视礼仪和规矩的国家，他们有着传统的礼节，包括“下午茶”、“手指放平”等，有时候做事情也比较繁琐和讲究。
美国则是以开放、自由和活泼为主流文化，他们重视个性，喜欢追求新鲜和独立自主的生活方式。
不论哪种文化，他们的礼仪文化都是值得学习和借鉴的，让我们对人文文化的魅力和历久不衰的吸引都有所了解。
四、人际交往英美文化的人际交往方式更是令人叹服。
他们重视与人沟通和交流，注重人们之间的互动和情感沟通。
英美人容易接纳外来文化，热爱旅游和习惯在交流中分享他们的成功和困境。
他们的社交活动丰富多彩，各有特色，包括庆祝和聚会等多种方式，通过这些社交活动，彼此之间建立了紧密的联系，也展现了英美文化的独特特点和魅力。
英美文化概况
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百科知识英美文化
百科知识英美文化英美文化是指英国和美国这两个英语为母语的国家所拥有的独特文化特点和价值观念。
这两个国家的文化是由历史、地理、政治、宗教、经济等多种因素所塑造的，具有丰富多样性和深厚底蕴。
本文将从几个方面介绍英美文化的百科知识，并探讨其在世界范围内的影响力。
第一部分：历史文化英美文化的形成有着悠久的历史背景。
英国是西方现代文明的摇篮，具有众多的文化遗产和历史传统。
文艺复兴时期的英国文化产生了众多杰出的文学作品，如莎士比亚的戏剧和弥尔顿的史诗。
随后，英国的工业革命为现代化的发展奠定了基础，也为英美文化的传播提供了外在条件。
美国作为一个移民国家，融合了来自世界各地的文化，形成了自己独特的文化特点。
独立战争后，美国迅速崛起为世界强国，其宪法和独立宣言为后来的民主国家树立了榜样。
美国的文化产业在世界范围内具有强大的影响力，好莱坞电影、流行音乐、时尚等都成为许多人向往的梦想。
第二部分：宗教和价值观宗教在英美文化中扮演着重要角色。
英国是基督教的发源地，天主教和新教在这里有着广泛的传承。
英国君主制度的建立与英国国教的关系密切，而美国则以宗教自由为基石，成为了宗教多元化的典范。
宗教信仰对于英美人民的价值观念、道德观念和社会伦理有着深远的影响。
价值观方面，英美文化强调个人自由、民主理念和人权意识。
言论自由、宪法权利以及平等机会等是英美文化中重要的组成部分。
敬重与关心他人、尊重异议、鼓励创新等也是英美文化的核心价值观。
这些价值观通过影视作品、文学作品等形式传播，受到全球范围内的认同和追捧。
第三部分：文化产业英美文化产业以其优秀的内容和先进的生产技术而闻名于世。
英国的BBC、英国博物馆以及众多的文学作品是英国文化的重要代表，而美国的好莱坞电影工业、音乐产业和科技创新更是世界范围内的引领者。
英美文化产业的成功得益于其对创意和艺术的重视，也受益于英语的全球传播。
第四部分：英美文化的全球影响由于英美文化在全球范围内的传播与影响，英语成为了全球最重要的通用语言之一。
文化中学课堂中的英美文化介绍
文化中学课堂中的英美文化介绍在文化中学的课堂中，我们经常会接触到各种各样的主题和话题。
其中，介绍英美文化是一个重要的内容，它让我们了解英语国家的传统、价值观和日常生活方式。
本文将通过多个方面来介绍英美文化，以帮助我们更好地理解和欣赏这两个国家的文化。
一、食物文化英美文化中的食物广泛而多样，代表性的菜肴和食物很多。
在英国，下午茶文化是非常重要的，人们喜欢在下午享受茶和点心，如松饼、酥皮点心等。
而在美国，汉堡包、热狗、披萨等快餐食品非常受欢迎。
此外，英美文化中也有很多传统的食物，如英国的炸鱼和薯条，以及美国的炖牛肉、烤火鸡等。
二、音乐文化英美文化中的音乐有着举足轻重的地位，代表了各种音乐流派和风格。
英国是流行音乐的发源地之一，著名的摇滚乐队如披头士和滚石是英国的代表。
此外，英国还有古典音乐和民谣等丰富的音乐传统。
美国则是爵士乐、蓝调和摇滚乐等的发源地，同时也是流行音乐和嘻哈音乐的重要产地。
英美的音乐文化丰富多样，展示了不同音乐风格的魅力。
三、节日文化英美文化中举办的节日也是独具特色的。
在英国，圣诞节是最重要的节日之一，人们会在圣诞节前后装饰家庭和街道，互赠礼物，享用圣诞大餐。
除此之外，英国人还庆祝万圣节和复活节等传统节日。
在美国，除了圣诞节，感恩节也是一个非常重要的节日。
感恩节是美国人民回报上苍恩泽的日子，一家人会聚在一起分享丰盛的晚餐，感恩彼此。
此外，美国人还过独立日、万圣节等多个节日，每个节日都有着独特的庆祝方式和习俗。
四、体育文化体育在英美文化中扮演着重要的角色，尤其是足球和棒球在两国极为受欢迎。
在英国，足球是国民运动，英超联赛的比赛吸引了众多球迷的关注。
此外，板球、橄榄球、高尔夫等也是英国人喜爱的运动项目。
在美国，棒球被誉为“美国的国粹”，每年的世界系列赛是全美国的焦点。
篮球、橄榄球和冰球也是美国人喜欢的运动。
五、文学艺术英美文化中的文学艺术产生了众多世界级的作品和名人。
英国文学的代表作品包括莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说以及雪莱、济慈等浪漫主义诗人的作品。
人文英语2知识点总结高中
人文英语2知识点总结高中一、英美社会文化1. 英美社会结构英国社会结构分为上层、中产阶级和下层三个阶级，而美国则是上流社会、中产阶级和底层社会。
上层社会通常由贵族和大企业主组成，中产阶级是社会的骨干，底层社会则是贫苦的工人和失去工作的人群。
2. 英美社会价值观英国人以礼貌、自制和冷静自豪，他们注重礼仪和传统，守时守纪，注重教育和家庭关系。
美国人则是积极、自信和执着的，他们强调自由和个性，推崇实用主义和务实精神。
3. 英美社会风俗习惯英国人喜欢品茶、打高尔夫球和看足球比赛，美国人则热爱篮球、美式足球和棒球。
英国人喜欢谈论天气和政治，美国人则更关注商业和股票市场。
英国人喜欢浓浓的口音和讲究的服饰，而美国人更喜欢自然的发音和舒适的服装。
二、英美地理环境1. 英美自然地理环境英国位于北欧洲，是一个岛国，四面环海，气候湿润，多雨，夏季凉爽，冬季温和。
美国则是北美洲的国家，有着多样的地貌，包括平原、山地、沙漠和森林，气候由南向北逐渐变暖。
2. 英美人文地理环境英国是一个文化古国，有着悠久的历史和丰富的人文景观，如巨石阵、温莎城堡、巴斯古城等。
美国则是一个年轻的国家，有着丰富的自然资源和多样的种族文化，如大峡谷、自由女神像、黄石公园等。
三、英美文学和艺术1. 英美文学经典英国文学有着悠久的历史，包括莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等众多文学巨匠。
美国文学则有马克·吐温、海明威、福克纳等一大批文学巨匠，有其独特的风格和思想。
2. 英美艺术精品英国有着丰富的艺术传统和文化底蕴，如泰特博物馆、大英博物馆、牛津大学等。
美国有着现代的艺术氛围和多元的文化环境，如大都会博物馆、哥伦比亚大学、洛杉矶艺术学院等。
四、英美历史事件1. 英国历史事件英国曾是一个殖民帝国，曾经控制着世界上很多地区，包括印度、澳大利亚、加拿大、美国等，但在二战后逐渐衰落，成为一个中等国家。
2. 美国历史事件美国是一个移民国家，曾经经历了独立战争和内战，成为一个自由、平等和多元的国家，如今是世界上最强大的国家之一。
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Questions
1. Criket and “fair play”: Cricket was one of the first team sports in Britain to have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally. The reason that fixed rules were applied to criket so early on was a financial one: aristocrats loved betting on criket matches and if people were going to risk money on a game, they wanted to ensure that the game would be plalyed fairly.Before the Victorian era, and in modern Britain, people from all walks of life play cricket, but in the 19th century, cricket became a sport associated with the upper class. It was a kind of “snob” game played by boys who attended public schools.As generations of public school grew up to become the civil servants and rules of the UK and its colonies, criket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the ideas of “fair play” which supposedly characterized British government.
11. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? A the Welsh people B the Irish people C the Scottish people D the English people
12. On which day is Halloween celebrated? A October 31st. B November 5th. C March 17th. D December 25th.
2. The three traditions of Christmas in Britain
1.
5. The extremist animal-lovers’ groups would like to have horse racing banned. T 6. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F 7. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British. T
8. Which community observes the traditional Ramadan? A Hindห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ B Sikh C Jewish D Muslim
9. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday? A bonfires B the Orange March C trooping the color D masquerades
7. Easter commemorates A the birth of Jesus Christ. B the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. C the coming of spring. D the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ.
6. Which one of the following Is not particularly British Christmas tradition? A enjoying the Pantomime. B the Queen broadcasting her Christmas message. C eating chocolate eggs. D shopping on the Boxing Day.
Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? A playing football B having a drink at a pub. C working the land D attending the Grand National
4. Where is the international tennis championships held? A Wembley B Wimbledon C London D Edinburgh
5. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? A cricket B skiing C golfing D horse racing
8. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F 9.The biggest Bonfire Night celebration is held in London. F 10. In Ireland, New Year’s eve called Hogmanay (December 31st)is the major winter celebration. F
1.
2. Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain? A football B tennis C basketball D cricket
3. Which of the following is not true about football in Britain? A millions of people attend the FA games each season. B “football hooligans” sometimes have violent clashes. C it was invented by the Scottish people. D it was once described as “beastly” violent.
British sports, festivals and holidays
Exercises
The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church. T 2. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. T 3. Tennis is usually regarded as a winter and spring sport. F 4. The game of golf was invented by the Scottish. T
10. Which of the following commemorates the Battle of Boyne? A the Bonfire Night celebration in Lewes. B trooping the color in London. C the Eisteddfod in Wales. D the Orange March in Northern Ireland.