我国商业银行的国际化之路

20世纪80年代，西方发达国家和亚欧新兴发展中国家的跨国公司竞相在世界各国建立分公司和子公司，掀起了国际直接投资的新高潮。为了满足跨国公司国际资金流动和国际结算的需要，各国的大型银行也跨出国界，在别国设立分支机构和代表处，开展全面的国际银行业务。90年代，全球经济一体化越来越快，金融全球化、银行国际化也形成了一种趋势。在这期间，银行国际化的理论体系也得到了迅速的发展和完善，贸易引导论、投资引导论、区位优势说、规避风险说、国际生产综合论等理论纷纷提出。在这些理论的指导下，银行的国际化发展更加迅速。随着80年代我国改革开放的开始特别是90年代新一轮改革开放浪潮的掀起，我国的国有专业银行开始商业化，走上了市场化的道路，一大批股份制银行也相继出现，金融改革取得了良好的效果。2001年，中国正式加入世贸组织，面临世贸组织要求五年全面放开我国金融市场和外国商业银行国际化的优势，我国商业银行存在哪些压力？面临哪些问题？是否拥有良好的国际化环境？应该走一条怎样的国际化道路？本文正是从以上方面入手讨论。

本文共分三章。第一章为理论部分，提出国际上银行国际化的各种假说并加以评论，分析了我国商业银行国际化的理论依据。接着从西方经济学角度分析商业银行国际化就是要实现收益最大化，第二章对我国商业银行国际化进行实证分析，依据邓宁理论，从所有权、内部化、区位优势三方面分析我国商业银行国际化经营的条件已经成熟。第三章在邓宁理论框架基础上对我国商业银行进行国际化的具体操作提出建设性的建议。

本文的创新之处在于：从西方经济学的角度分析商业银行国际化，并建立了一个衡量商业银行国际化的模型，指出银行国际化的动力因素是效益最大化。接着提出世界各种关于商业银行国际化的理论假说并加以分析评论。同时，运用邓宁理论对我国商业银行进行实证分析并在此基础上提出针对性的措施。

关键词：国际化商业银行一体化世界贸易组织

中间业务

Abstract

In 1980s, multinational corporations in developed western countries and newly emerging Asian and European countries have been setting up subsidiaries and branches around the world. This led to a new boom of foreign direct investment activity. At the same time, large banks in different countries expanded their businesses beyond the boundary of nations and established branches and agents throughout the world so as to meet the needs of multinational corporations’business activities, to facilitate the capital flows and international financial settlements. Large banks’business scopes are international wide. In 1990s, with the trend of global integration of world economies, it is inevitable to globalize finance industry and internationalize banking industry of an economy. During these periods, theories for internationalization of banking were developed quickly and more completely. Among these theories are trade-orientated theory, investment-orientated theory, area-advantage theory and risk-avoidance theory. Under the guidance of these theories,

the globalization of banking progressed rapidly. In China, with the beginning of Open Door and Reform, especially in 1990s, nation-owned banks began their commercialization and their business activities were market-orientated. A batch of joint-stock banks emerged. The reform in finance industry was successful. In 2001, China re-entered the WTO and is required to open wholly the financial markets within five years. Facing this request and the trend of internationalization of foreign commercial banks, we are considering their effects on our commercial banks’ operation. What pressures are on our commercial banks? What issues we need to address? Whether we have a favorable environment for internationalization? How to internationalize our commercial banks? All these are what this paper is about to address.

There are four chapters in this paper. The first chapter will analyze the issue by using western economies theory. To internationalize is designed to maximize profit. This analysis is followed by discussion of different hypotheses for internationalization of banks in the world, will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these hypotheses. In the second chapter, the author is going to point out the indispensability and meaning of internationalization of Chinese commercial banks. Will see to the trend in the world economy, the challenges posed after entering the WTO, the further development of commercial banks and verify the need to internationalize. In chapter 3, will analyze the trend of economy globalization, the basis of development of macro-economy of China, the entry of WTO of China, the experiences of Chinese commercial banks gained in the Reform and Open Door, thus to prove that the domestic environment and international environment are favorable for internationalization of Chinese commercial banks. At the same time, the author will focus on the problems and impedes Chinese commercial banks are facing when internationalizing. In chapter 4, after analyzing the conditions of branches of commercial banks, the development of intermediary business of commercial banks, the comprehensive services and training of talents of the commercial banks, will propose the methods for the internationalization of Chinese commercial banks.

The innovation in this paper is to analyze the internationalization of commercial banks from an analysis of western economics, establishing a model to measure the internationalization of commercial banks, pointing out the incentive for internationalizing commercial bank is to maximize profit, and then analyze and evaluate the theories and hypotheses of internationalization of commercial banks. Key words: internationalization, commercial bank, integration, WTO, intermediary business

目录

引言

第一章商业银行国际化的基础理论述评

第一节商业银行国际化的理论述评

第二节我国商业银行国际化的理论依据