阿司匹林的历史

阿司匹林的历史

正如被医生发现的众多用处一样令人惊讶，阿司匹林的故事也是令人惊叹和丰富的。它起源于一种当地的草本药物，作为常见止痛药的作用的延伸。现在由于这种药物要保护生命方面的潜在价值，它的角色在不断地改变着。这些都是世界各地数以千计的医生和科学家的功劳。Major historical events:

阿司匹林发展史：

c400 BC In Greece Hippocrates gives women willow leaf tea to relieve the pain of childbirth.

公元前400年，希腊医生希波克拉底给妇女服用柳叶煎茶来减轻分娩的痛苦。

1763 Reverend Edward Stone of Chipping Norton near Oxford gives dried willow bark to 50 parishioners suffering rheumatic fever.

公元1763年，奇平诺顿（与牛津镇相邻）的爱德华斯顿用晒干的柳树皮给教区内的50位患有风湿热的病人治病。Describes his findings in a letter to the Royal Society of London.

并在寄给伦敦皇家会的信上讲述了他的这一发现。

1823 In Italy the active ingredient is extracted from willow

and named salicin.

1823年，在意大利，从柳树中提取出有用的成分，命名为水杨苷。

1838 Salicin also found in the meadowsweet flower by Swiss and German researchers.

1838年，瑞士和德国的研究者从绣线菊中同样发现了水杨苷。

1853 Salicylic acid made from salicin by French scientists but it is found to irritate the gut.

1853年，法国科学家从水杨苷中提取出水杨酸，但是对胃肠的刺激很大。

1893 German scientists find that adding an acetyl group to salicylic acid reduces its irritant properties.

1893年，德国科学家发现给水杨酸加上一个乙酰基，这样减少了它的刺激作用。

1897 In Germany, Bayer's Felix Hoffmann develops and patents a process for synthesising acetyl salicylic acid or aspirin. First clinical trials begin.

1897年德国，拜耳公司的霍夫曼开发了并拥有人工合成水杨酸（或者叫阿司匹林）的专利。第一个临床试验开始了。

1899 Clinical trials are successfully completed. aspirin

launched.

1899年临床试验获得成功，阿司匹林成功投入市场。1914 International trade in pharmaceuticals interrupted by the outbreak of World War I. Australian pharmacist G. R. Nicholas wins a competition to find a new way of producing aspirin.

1914年，由于一战，国际药物贸易受到阻碍。澳大利亚的药学家GR 尼古拉斯发明了一种提取阿司匹林的新方法。1930s Bayer's patent on acetyl salicylic acid runs out. It becomes a generic drug.

1930年，拜耳的专利没有了。阿司匹林变成了非专利药品。

1974 First evidence of aspirin's effects in preventing heart attacks: Professor Elwood.

1974年，阿司匹林在预防心脏病方面的功效得到埃尔伍德教授的证实。

1982 English scientist Professor Sir John Vane and two Swedish colleagues, Sune Bergstr?m and Bengt Samuelsson win Nobel prize for discovering the role of aspirin in inhibiting prostaglandin production.

1982年，英国科学家约翰?文和另两位瑞典的同事苏呐?贝里斯特伦、本特?萨穆埃尔松因发现阿司匹林在抑制前列腺

素的增殖方面的作用而获得诺贝尔医学奖。

1989 US researchers report preliminary study suggesting that aspirin may delay the onset of senile dementia 1994 - Professor Henk C S Wallenburg of Rotterdam shows that aspirin may help in treating pre-eclampsia in pregnant women.

1989年，美国研究人员报告早期的研究表明阿司匹林可能推迟高级别痴呆的开始期，,1994年鹿特丹科学家Henk C S Wallenburg实验证明阿司匹林可能帮助治疗孕妇的先兆子痫综合症。

1995 American researchers find evidence that aspirin protects against bowel cancer.

1995年，美国研究人员发现阿司匹林保护肠癌的证据。1997 aspirin is now used or being tested for use in the following conditions:-

1997年，阿司匹林现在被用作或者检测以下疾病：

Heart attacks

心脏病

aspirin is now accepted as an important weapon in the prevention of heart disease. After the first study by Elwood and Cochrane was reported in the British Medical Journal (1974, 1, 436) larger trials involving 20,000 US doctors