声导抗基础知识PPT培训课件
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声导抗基础知识
Sound travel 声音传导
Getting sound into a different medium 声音在不同媒介中的传导
Most of the sound energy is reflected when confronting a another medium... 大部分声能在临界面处被反射回来
Air
Air
The Eustachian tube (ET) ventilates the middle ear and allows pressure equalisation 咽鼓管是中耳的通气管道，可保证中耳气压平衡 The ET opens when swallowing or yawning 吞咽和打哈欠时咽鼓管开放
鼓室图
Admittance
中耳 – 劲度
Pressure TPP ( = MEP? )
Tympanometry 鼓室声导抗
Admittance 声导纳
2
3
1
-200 daPa
0
Ear caEnaarlcparneaslspures外su耳re道压强
200 daPa
1 & 3: Pressure stiffens the tympanic membrane so the probe tone bounces back, and the sound level in the middle ear decreases 1和3：大压强使鼓膜僵硬从而探测音多被反弹回来，进入中耳的声能减少
2: When pressure is equal on both sides, the sound level in the middle ear is at maximum
2：鼓膜两侧压力相等时传入中耳的声能最大
The Tympanogram curve, ECV and TPP 鼓室导抗图形，等效外耳道容积和峰压点
How do we test the middle ear? 如何检测中耳功能
中耳测试
• 精密的中耳系统 • 高精度的测试 • 高质量控制系统
Admittance - letting the sound wave in 声导纳－将声波导入
Part of the probe tone is reflected, and some is admitted into the middle ear 一部分探测音被反射回来，另一部分则进入中耳 The admittance is continuously measured by a microphone 声导纳通过麦克风持续测量计算出来
Getting sound into a different medium 声音在不同媒介中的传导
The “stiletto” principle:圆锥效应 Force is collected over a larger area and focused on a smaller area (B) 作用力在锥底收集后聚焦到锥尖
Pressure sweep
ECV
Total Admittance of the ear
canal and the middle ear 外耳道和中耳的声导纳总值
TPP
The TPP approximates the middle ear pressure 峰压点近似于鼓膜内侧的中耳压力
The 226 Hz admittance of the air in the ear canal is directly proportional to the volume of that air. That gives us the Equivalent Ear Canal Volume, ECV 以226Hz为探测音，测试探头与鼓膜之间的空气导纳值为外耳道容积，即等效 外耳道容积
The Tympanogram curve and baseline compensation 鼓室导抗图形和基线补偿
SA Total Admittance
ECV SA
TPP
Subtraction of the ECV contribution gives us a baseline compensated tympanogram 去除外耳道容积成分后的鼓室图称为基线补偿鼓室导抗图 Peak admittance becomes Static Admittance, SA 该图峰值处的声导纳称为静态声导纳(SA) The SA is the admittance of the middle ear alone. Now we can use the normative data! SA等于中耳的声导纳值
听骨链位于鼓膜和内耳之间，由3块听小骨组成
• Airborne sound wave energy becomes mechanical vibration 空气传导的声波能量转换为机械振动
• Compensates for the air - fluid impedance difference 补偿气液相不同媒介的导抗差
…because different media are more or less easy to bring into motion (impedance) 因为不同媒介的声阻抗是不同的
The role of the middle ear 中耳的作用
The Ossicles 听小骨
• Three small bones forming a chain between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear
Malleus 锤骨 Incus 砧骨 Stapes 镫骨
Baidu Nhomakorabea
Inner ear fluids 内淋巴
The Middle ear anatomy 中耳解剖
Air pressure must be near equal on both sides of the ear drum in order to optimise mobility of the whole system 应使鼓膜两侧气压接近，从而保证中耳传 声系统的最佳活动性
Sound travel 声音传导
Getting sound into a different medium 声音在不同媒介中的传导
Most of the sound energy is reflected when confronting a another medium... 大部分声能在临界面处被反射回来
Air
Air
The Eustachian tube (ET) ventilates the middle ear and allows pressure equalisation 咽鼓管是中耳的通气管道，可保证中耳气压平衡 The ET opens when swallowing or yawning 吞咽和打哈欠时咽鼓管开放
鼓室图
Admittance
中耳 – 劲度
Pressure TPP ( = MEP? )
Tympanometry 鼓室声导抗
Admittance 声导纳
2
3
1
-200 daPa
0
Ear caEnaarlcparneaslspures外su耳re道压强
200 daPa
1 & 3: Pressure stiffens the tympanic membrane so the probe tone bounces back, and the sound level in the middle ear decreases 1和3：大压强使鼓膜僵硬从而探测音多被反弹回来，进入中耳的声能减少
2: When pressure is equal on both sides, the sound level in the middle ear is at maximum
2：鼓膜两侧压力相等时传入中耳的声能最大
The Tympanogram curve, ECV and TPP 鼓室导抗图形，等效外耳道容积和峰压点
How do we test the middle ear? 如何检测中耳功能
中耳测试
• 精密的中耳系统 • 高精度的测试 • 高质量控制系统
Admittance - letting the sound wave in 声导纳－将声波导入
Part of the probe tone is reflected, and some is admitted into the middle ear 一部分探测音被反射回来，另一部分则进入中耳 The admittance is continuously measured by a microphone 声导纳通过麦克风持续测量计算出来
Getting sound into a different medium 声音在不同媒介中的传导
The “stiletto” principle:圆锥效应 Force is collected over a larger area and focused on a smaller area (B) 作用力在锥底收集后聚焦到锥尖
Pressure sweep
ECV
Total Admittance of the ear
canal and the middle ear 外耳道和中耳的声导纳总值
TPP
The TPP approximates the middle ear pressure 峰压点近似于鼓膜内侧的中耳压力
The 226 Hz admittance of the air in the ear canal is directly proportional to the volume of that air. That gives us the Equivalent Ear Canal Volume, ECV 以226Hz为探测音，测试探头与鼓膜之间的空气导纳值为外耳道容积，即等效 外耳道容积
The Tympanogram curve and baseline compensation 鼓室导抗图形和基线补偿
SA Total Admittance
ECV SA
TPP
Subtraction of the ECV contribution gives us a baseline compensated tympanogram 去除外耳道容积成分后的鼓室图称为基线补偿鼓室导抗图 Peak admittance becomes Static Admittance, SA 该图峰值处的声导纳称为静态声导纳(SA) The SA is the admittance of the middle ear alone. Now we can use the normative data! SA等于中耳的声导纳值
听骨链位于鼓膜和内耳之间，由3块听小骨组成
• Airborne sound wave energy becomes mechanical vibration 空气传导的声波能量转换为机械振动
• Compensates for the air - fluid impedance difference 补偿气液相不同媒介的导抗差
…because different media are more or less easy to bring into motion (impedance) 因为不同媒介的声阻抗是不同的
The role of the middle ear 中耳的作用
The Ossicles 听小骨
• Three small bones forming a chain between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear
Malleus 锤骨 Incus 砧骨 Stapes 镫骨
Baidu Nhomakorabea
Inner ear fluids 内淋巴
The Middle ear anatomy 中耳解剖
Air pressure must be near equal on both sides of the ear drum in order to optimise mobility of the whole system 应使鼓膜两侧气压接近，从而保证中耳传 声系统的最佳活动性