建筑设计原理 中国古代建筑部分

巢 居
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
中国古建筑的历史渊源
魏晋南北朝建筑 隋唐五代建筑
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宋辽金元建筑
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原始建筑
先秦建筑
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明清建筑
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
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是中国已知最早最完整的四合院,已有相当成 熟的布局水平。
中 国 古 建
岐山凤雏建筑基址
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Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
河南偃师西南的二里头遗址 .其中最具特色的是二 里头宫殿建筑 ，由殿堂、庭院、廊庑和大门组成的宫
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殿建筑格局,达到了一定的水平,对后世有很大的影响。
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先秦建筑
夏、商建筑
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
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Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
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这种大自然所天然赐予的洞穴是当时用作住所 的一种较普遍的方式。进入氏族社会以后，人工洞 穴取代了天然洞穴，且形式日渐多样，更加适合人 类的活动，主要分布在北方黄河流域。随着原始人 营建经验的不断积累和技术提高，穴居从竖穴逐步 发展到半穴居，最后又被地面建筑所代替。 《易•系辞》曰：“上古穴居而野处”。
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湖北盘龙城宫殿复原图（商代前期）
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
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原ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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原始时期的居所虽然还不能称作为“建筑”，但它 的功能与现在的建筑并没有质的区别。建筑是在原始 的穴居和巢居的基础上发展起来的，其基本形式是利 用固体材料来建造空间，以满足于人的居住和需要。
原始建筑
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
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新石器时代陶屋
原始半穴居建筑复原图
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
建筑设计原理 建筑设计原理
第一节 认识中国古建筑
太原工业学院
主讲： 主讲：王文亮
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
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《考工记》载："匠人营国，方九里，旁三门， 城中九经九纬，经途九轨，左祖右社，前朝后市， 市朝一夫。
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《三礼图》中描绘的 王城规划
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
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西安半坡遗址1号方形大房子
西安半坡遗址2号圆形大房子
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
河
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干
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民
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水 居 复 原 图 和 草 顶 复 原
建 筑 设 计 原 理 中 国 古 建 篇
井 图
井
架
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
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因此推测，巢居是地势低洼气候潮湿而多虫蛇的地 区采用过的一种原始居住方式。多分布在南方长江流域 多水地区。 巢居 干阑式建筑 木构架建筑 《韩非子·五蠹》曰：“上古之世,人民少而禽兽众， 人民不胜禽兽虫蛇，有圣人作，构木为巢，以避群害。 ”
干阑式民居这是一种下部架空的住宅。它具有通风 、防潮、防盗、防兽等优点，对于气候炎热、潮湿多雨 的地区非常适用。它距今约六、七千年，是我国已知的 最早采用榫卯技术构筑木结构房屋的一个实例。
穴 居
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design
河南安阳小屯村一带的殷墟 殷墟是商朝后期的都城 殷墟 遗址。由夯土墙、木质梁柱、门户廊檐，草秸屋顶 等部分构成。
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殷墟博物苑
Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design Principle of Public Building Design