00831现代英语语法复习资料2
00831英语语法2004年04月历年真题及答案
全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831Ⅰ.单项选择题（本大题共21小题，每小题1分，共21分。
）Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the brackets:1.A: Did you hear what she said? （）B: Well, I heard her say something, but I _____. so I did not catch her words exactly.A. would not listenB. was not listeningC. had not listenedD. shouldn’t listen2. The discoveries made on the Mars were more than they _____. （）A. expectedB. would expectC. should expectD. had expected3. Consequently, he _______to the grand reception.（）A. got invitedB. gets invitedC. invitedD. was to be invited4. ________ today, he would be in for Easter by Sunday.（）A. Would he set offB. Was he setting offC. Were he to set offD. If he sets off5. Instead of _____ for help, we decided to work it out by ourselves.（）A. to askB. askC. askingD. asked6. The new bike is a great deal ______ the old one.（）A. as good asB. good asC. the better thanD. better than7. You will receive a confirmation letter ______ us in a week.（）A. fromB. toC. inD. with8. Whenever the professor explained something, she kept smiling and nodding her head from time to time ________understanding every word of his lecture.（）A. as ifB. likeC. just likeD. as though she9. I’ll leave him a note ______ he’ll know where we are.（）A. forB. in thatC. in orderD. so that10.If I tell them I’m prepared to give evidence, they’ll get such a scare _______ they’ll drop t he whole thing.（）A. so thatB. thatC. andD. so11. You ________things. You should be more careful.（）A. always loseB. have been losingC. were always losingD. are always losing12. Every time he came to me, he ______ tell me he was busy.（）A. wouldB. is going toC. willD. is to13. I expect all the mails ______ promptly.（）A. being deliveredB. to be deliveredC. having been delieveredD. to have been delivered14. John used to rise early, ______? （）A. used heB. did heC. didn’t heD. could he浙00831# 英语语法试题第 1 页共5 页15. I had hoped that Rosemary ________ a lawyer, but she was not good at law.（）A. will becomeB. becomeC. would becomeD. becomes16. The apples are ______ fast in such hot weather.（）A. got rottingB. getting rottingC. got rottenD. getting rotten17. It was an agreement _________ the details could not be altered.（）A. whoseB. whichC. itsD. of which18. The agency _________ we bought our tickets is bankrupt.A. from whichB. whichC. whereD. from whom19. We all seemed afraid to say what was in our minds, ________ it might start trouble.（）A. in order thatB. so thatC. for fear thatD. in that20. _______ he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（）A. A child asB. A child thatC. Only child asD. Child that21. ________ allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.（）A. NotB. UnlessC. Would notD. Rather thanⅡ.多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分。
【2021年全国自考】英语语法00831最新历年试题汇编20套真题
or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”?
A. o
B. oes
C. o’s
D. os
2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and still having the time to play
future development.
A. stresses
B. stress
C. stressed
D. would st for water, this world would be a lifeless place.
A. Were
B. If
C. Was
D. Had
A. crossed
B. cross
C. crossing
D. has crossed
11. Monica is not ______ chess player as we expected her to be.
A. so a successful
9. He admitted ______ in love with the girl, but felt too shy to even meet her.
A. to fall
B. fell
C. falling
D. fallen
10. Did you see a middle-aged man with a scar on his face ______ the street just now?
2020年10月自考00831英语语法试题及标准答案
全国2020年10月高等教育自学考试
英语语法试题
课程代码：00831
1.请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔 填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
选择题部分
注意事项：
每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮 擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。
invalid.
A. to writeB. writingC. writtenD. write
13.
I wasto have met Tyson, one of the celebrated boxers in the game's history.
A. pleasing more thanB. more pleasing than
9.
—Will you stay for dinner?
—Sorry, I. My mother is coming to see me.
A. can'tB. needn'tC. musHale Waihona Puke n'tD. won't
10.
He was trained as an artisan and volunteeredfbr South Africa in World War II.
A.heB. sheC. theyD. it
2.Many thanksto Adams fbr all his good deeds and contributions to the company all the while.
00831现代英语语法2019年4月真题
2019年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代英语语法(课程代码：00831)注意事项：1.本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。
2.应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡（纸）指定位置上作答，答在试卷上无效。
3.涂写部分、画图部分必须使用2B铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。
第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（1%×20=20%）1. For some years, the United Nations been suggesting that we need to cut back on meat for the sake of the planet.A. havingB. hasC. haveD. had2. Again, that early success had to be taken with a of salt.A. pieceB. groupC. packD. grain3.I congratulated him and contestants who had set a new record at this event.A. the other allB. all the otherC. the all otherD. all other the4.Julia will come to give you a hand the moment she her homework.A. will finishB. finishesC. had finishedD. finished5.She has started to put more focus into her fashion choices，because she to understand how important style can be.A. beginsB. beganC. is beginningD. will begin6.More than 100 people in such attacks since December 2016.A. killedB. are killedC. have been killedD. being killed7.Mr. Sumaila Sabo advised that the remains of the dead boy at the place he was found.A. was buriedB. buryC. be buriedD. buried8.We wait for a special occasion. Let the kids feel our love now!A. mayn'tB. needn'tC. daren'tD. can't9. You are a very successful lawyer now! I'm sure you hard to obtain a Law Degree from the University.A. may have studiedB. can have studiedC. must have studiedD. must study10. For a romantic evening, you'd better for slow, quite songs, or even something mystical.A. optB. to optC. optingD. opted11.One of the men attempted money out of the shop's cash register but was unsuccessful.A. getB. to getC. gettingD. gotten12.There are a couple of key changes that deserve .A. mentioningB. to mentionC. mentionedD. being mentioned13. Weddings, baptisms and even funerals are still held in the church.A. beautiful old woodenB. old beautiful woodenC. old wooden beautifulD. beautiful wooden old14.The man reported that he was robbed of $799 cash by two unknown men.A. inB. onC. ofD. with15.The fossil is extremely rare it contains the animal's complete skeleton.A.so thatB. such thatC.in thatD.in order that16.The children we so lovingly indulge might just hold us responsible for their misfortune.A. whatB. whichC. whomD. whose17.The day you accept the defeat rather than finding excuses makes you stronger.A. on whichB. at whichC. whichD. in that18. Seven victims have been identified, and the police working to identify the other three children who might also be victims.A. wereB. isC. areD. was19. You'd better start swimming, you'll sink like a stone!A. soB. orC. andD. but20. Under no circumstances into a car with a stranger.A. you should ever getB. get you should everC. should you ever getD. you ever should get第二部分非选择题Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks on the ANSWER SHEET with one of the items given.(2%×10=20%)21. health, healthier, healthful; to include, included, includingExercise means a heart because it reduces several cardiovascular risks, high blood pressure.22. which, that, what; curious, curiousness, curiosityCelebrities often have fame comparable to of royalty. As a result, there is a strong public about their private affairs.23. Australian, Australia, Australia's; music, musical, musicallyIn an effort to polish outback image, Sydney launched an international design competition for a premier hall.24. name, be named, nameable; special, specifical, specificOdours, unlike colours, for instance, can not in many languages because the vocabulary simply doesn't exist.25. has, have, will have, actually, because, soGeneral Motors thousands of designers around the world living in the local customs, cultures and driving conditions, they can build vehicles best suited to the customer.26. show showing, shown; shopping, shopped, shopResearchers found that adverts during peak-time television had a bigger impact on people's habits.27. at, in, with; which, that, itOne of the first water clocks was a basin a small hole near the bottom through the water dripped out28. kind of relationships, kind of relationship, kinds of relationships; in, to, between Studying geography informs us about the different that develop a particular environment and the people that live there.29. with, of, for; more, much, fartherThe honey from Canadian bees is excellent quality, better than the stuff the Asian bees produce.30. be, are, is; household, households, householdersAccording to new census data, the gap between rich and poor Americansnow at an all-time high, with the top 1/5 of American claiming more than half of all the nation's income.Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks on the ANSWER SHEET with an item as required. (1%×20=20%) 31.With a determiner:The bitter winter had the county in its grip and may old people died of extreme cold.32.With a determiner:The film shows a vivid picture of London in Dickens' novels.33.With a determiner:I happened to find one-dollar note in my drawer the other day.34.With a determiner:You gave us two suggestions, but unfortunately was workable.35.With a modal auxiliary:Time is so pressing. How I complete such a difficult task single-handed? 36.With a modal auxiliary:One as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.37.With a modal auxiliary:You have read a lot of Maugham's short stories, otherwise you couldn't have talked so deeply about this famous British writer at yesterday's seminar.38.With a preposition:After six hours' tiring bus ride, I finally arrived the small town where I was going to live in the next year.39.With a preposition:The baby was born New Year's Day, which was a happy coincidence.40.With a preposition:The criminal is sure to be caught sooner or later; he won't remain large for long.41.With a preposition:His health condition changed the worse, so his family decided to send him to hospital.42.With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:The company wanted to hire a man experience would help promote its sales.43.With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:She was very patient towards the children, her husband seldom was.44.With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:The process by energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy.45.With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:Scientists are sure that the time will come man can fly wherever he likes in the universe.46.With a coordinator or subordinator:John failed to pass the driving test for the third time, that's too bad.47.With a coordinator or subordinator:They were going to put up a twenty-storey building the garbage dump had been.48.With a question tag:Let's not waste time doing nothing at all, ?49.With a question tag:There has not been a great response to the sale, ?50.With a question tag:They must have been informed of the result of the job interview, ?Ⅳ. Rewrite the following sentences as required on the ANSWER SHEET.(2%×15=30%)ing passive voice:They expect the Senate debate to continue into next week.ing passive voice:A garbage man collected the discarded bottles ten minutes ago.ing a modal auxiliary:Look at the traffic jam. It is possible that the road is blocked somewhere near here. ing a non-finite verb form:Don't take his words seriously if he professes that he knows everything about your history.ing a non-finite verb form:The great composer had lost his hearing. He turned entirely to music to express his strong emotion.ing a simple preposition:He goes to work every day. He does not go to work on Sunday.ing a disjunct:It is quite obvious that he has never intended to keep his word.ing a relative clause:Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers. Their overall consumption is higher than that of women.ing a relative clause:She was very angry with the man. He called her at midnight and then found that it wasa wrong number.ing coordination:Short periods of fasting could help people lose weight. Short periods of fasting could lead to better health.ing subordination:I don't like the idea. The idea is that we go for an outing on a rainy day.ing transferred negation:I think he won't come to the party tonight.63.Adding a suitable tag:The man talking with Jane is the manager.64. Using discontinuity:Prof. Smith wants to talk to her about the practicability of the research method in person.65. Using inversion:They didn't sight the snowcapped peak until they had walked for nearly three hours.V.Answer the following question on the ANSWER SHEET. (4%×1=4%)66. What are the differences between determiners and adjectives?VI. Define the following terms with examples on the ANSWER SHEET. (3%×2=6%) 67.subordination68.modal auxiliary。
全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码00831
全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码00831全国20XX年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1．There are a lot of ________ in Xinhua Children’s Hospital. ( )A．woman doctors C．women doctorsB．woman doctor D．women doctor2．We ________ . Please fasten your seat belt. ( )A．have landed C．landedB．are landing D．land3．Mary and John ________ each other since childhood. ( )A．have been knowing C．have knownB．knew D．had known4．Almost all the main roads in the city center ________ by the end of next year. ( )A．will be widened C．will have been widenedB．were widened D．would be widened5．The factory will be fined if the work ________ by the end of the month is delayed. ( ) A．to be completedC．being completedB．will be completed D．completed6．I don’t think it advisable that the young man ________ to the important post since he has nopractical experience. ( ) A．is appointed C．be appointedB．will be appointed D．has been appointed7．Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class; she ________ have studied veryhard. ( ) A．may C．mustB．should D．ought to8．The students are staying up late these days ________ for the final exams. ( )浙00831# 英语语法试卷第1 页（共6 页）A．to preparing C．being preparedB．to prepare D．prepared9．He tried ________ a new microphone and was able to make himself heard. ( )A．to use C．to usingB．to be used D．using10．Mr. Johnson met ________ at the party that day. ( )A．a certain retired movie funny star C．a funny certain retired movie starB．a retired certain funny movie star D．a certain funny retired movie star11．Tom likes watching TV ________ novels. ( )A．more than to read C．than readingB．more than reading D．rather than to read12．The Conservative Party is one of the ________ parties in Britain. ( )A．major C．bigB．main D．huge13．________ , he couldn’t deal with these problems. ( )A．Obviously speaking C．ObviousB．Obviously to speak D．Obviously14．The room is too cold without heating and too small for a family of four. ________ , it is betterthan I expected. ( ) A．Still C．AndB．But D．So15．________ their differences, John and Mark remain good friends all their lives.( )A．But for C．Above allB．For all D．Except for16．She is a gentle and quiet girl, ________ none of her sisters is. ( )A．who C．thatB．whom D．which17．She is married to a man who she believes ________ both makes a lot of money and lovesher. ( ) A．whoB．whom浙00831# 英语语法试卷第2 页（共6 页）C．that D．/18．Neither of them who had applied for a position in the company ________. ( )A．has been accepted C．was acceptedB．have been accepted D．were accepted19．What she wanted from him ________ just promises at thattime. ( )A．is C．wasB．are D．were20．I know I need a good car, but I can’t afford ________. ( ) A．it C．that二、填空题（本大题共28小题，共36分）Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group. (共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21．go, goes, is going, advice, advices, piece of adviceMy special thanks ____________ to Professor Brown, who read the first draft of this bookand gave me a lot of invaluable ____________ . 22．a, a, the, the, some, such____________ beautiful is not always the same as ____________ good. 23．worrying, are worrying, has been worrying, fining, being fined, is fined The browns ____________ about their son ____________ for overspeed. 24．was, were, be, never, being, will never be, has never to beThough be ____________ reduced to poverty, he ____________ dishonest. 25．work, worked, working, tell, told, telling ____________ hard until ____________ to stop. 26．which, which, what, what, that,thatThere is something ____________ I want you to do but ____________ you hate to do. 27．what, which, that, is, are, was What he did and ____________ he said ____________ totally different. 28．such, so, it, make, to make, made____________ is not funny at all ____________ fun of a disabled man.B．one D．this浙00831# 英语语法试卷第3 页（共6 页）Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or addsomething where necessary. ( 共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)29．Let’s not talk to the director, ____________ (we)?30．You say you took the book without his permission. ___________ (other words), you stole it. 31．The book will provide a ____________ (stimuli) to research in this very important area. 32．They speak ____________ (not French) nor German, but a curious mixture of the two. 33．In my ____________ (mind) eye, she remains a little girl of six although she’s actually agrown woman.34．I’m afraid you ____________ (have) to be responsible for everything you do after yo u’reeighteen.35．Look at the dark clouds. It ____________ (rain).36．Mary is naughty, but she____________(be) a good girl today. 37．Congress has decided that the present law____________(maintain). 38．―The lights have gone out. ―A fuse____________(blow).39．Having finished the first project, John went on____________(work) on another one. 40．____________ (stand) on the church tower, the whole village could be seen. 41．When I told her the news, she became all____________(depressed). 42．How much did the second____________ (expensive) has cost? 43．I think the noise____________(come) below the window.44．Don’t get____________(mad) the children. They don’t know what they’ve done.45．____________ (consider) the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals. 46．That is the reason____________(for) he is leaving so soon. 47．Each man and woman____________(be) asked to complete a form. 48．I don’t want____________(there be) any disturbance during my lunchbreak. 三、改错题（本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分）Correct one error in each of the following sentences. 49．―Did you work out the solution to this problem?―I am at my wits end with this problem.50．I’m going to buy a new coat. The weather report says it is very cold.浙00831# 英语语法试卷第4 页（共6 页）51．Far is it from me to call him a thief.52．She talked a long time, and in the end she could make him believe her. 53．The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. 54．The additional work will take five another weeks. 55．Such chances should never be let to slip.56．There is something wrong with the car; it needs overhauled.57．Having paid my taxes, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning. 58．Just take a look at that fellow, so you’ll get sick.四、改写句子（本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分）Rewrite the following sentences as required. 61．Adding a suitable tag to the following statement:I don’t believe you’ve finished knitting that cardigan yourself.62．Reinforcing the negation in the following sentence: No one on the committee approved of my proposal. 63．Combining the two sentences by using coordination:He himself is interested in the subject. All his students are beginning to show an interest in it. 64．Combining the two sentences by using an adverbial clause: John spoke through a microphone. He could be heard in every room. 65．Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:The house was in bad repair. It was to be sold at a reduced price. 66．Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct: The term papers were very brief. They were better than I had expected. 67．Using extraposition:Whether there was gold left in the mine was not known. 68．Using fronting:The plane dived into a large crowd of spectators. 69．Using a modal auxiliary:I’m sure that he is working late at the office.浙00831# 英语语法试卷第5 页（共6 页）70．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:We are told that he will come tonight, and if he comes tonight, our meeting will be heldtomorrow. If he doesn’t come tonight, there won’t be any meeting tomorrow. 71．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:I finally threw out my dirty tennis shoes, which pleased my mother tremendously. 72．Using subjunctive mood:I had recommended him to be placed in a more responsible position. 五、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分）Answer the following questions.73．Give a brief answer to the criteria of the classification of open class words and theirsignificance.74．List the types of subjunctive mood with examples.。
全国2013年7月自考 英语语法试题 课程代码：00831
绝密★考试结束前全国2013年7月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.1. At the sight of a cute kitty, the baby gave a loud ______.A. laughB. laughterC. laughingD. laugher2. As it is a freezing cold day, the people that used to bank fish from ______ side of the river are nowhere to be found.A. eitherB. bothC. anyD. neither3. It is true that ______ people living in today’s Shanghai are still fascinated by ______ Shanghai described in Eileen Chang’s novels.A. the; /B. /; theC. the; theD. /;/4. The HR manager will have already finished her meeting before the new recruit ______ to her office.浙00831# 英语语法试题第1页（共7页）A. shall comeB. cameC. is comingD. comes5. If she ______ you, she would be happy to take two days off and have a good rest.A. isB. wereC. wasD. had been6. The economist’s suggestion for the country was that it ______ on the development of an educational system available to everyone.A. focusedB. focusesC. focusD. would focus7. The criminal ______ finally in a house abandoned for years.A. has locatedB. was locatedC. had been locatedD. had located8. The umbrella I put here just now is gone. Someone ______ it up by mistake.A. might have pickedB. must pickC. could pickD. need have picked9. I really appreciate ______ such comfortable shoes for me.A. on your findingB. you to findC. for you to findD. your finding10. Rather than ______ the new and more powerful drugs, the scientist managed to persuade people to reduce their intake of antibiotics.A. inventB. inventingC. to inventD. invented11. In an age of fuel shortage, green cars are obviously ______ superior ______ the cars that run on petrol.A. more; thanB. more; toC. /; thanD. /; to12. In the apartment building lives a(n) ______ lawyer, who is working on a bribery case.A. American brilliant youngB. young brilliant AmericanC. brilliant young AmericanD. brilliant American young13. The boy took a look ______ his watch and knew his girl friend was late again.浙00831# 英语语法试题第2页（共7页）A. aboveB. intoC. atD. over14. The singer receives an occasional letter from the young fan ______ he has set a good example.A. whoB. thatC. for whomD. to whom15. Nobody can explain the reason ______ the project was abandoned two years ago and then renewed earlier this year.A. by whichB. whyC. whichD. how16. ______ you are young, you will be blessed with beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power.A. So long asB. AlthoughC. In caseD. In that17. I noticed there ______ a pen, two notebooks and a knife stained with blood. But they are gone!A. beB. would beC. wasD. were18. Both air and water ______ what most creatures cannot live without.A. isB. areC. wasD. were19. According to new data from the census bureau, one out of every four adults in Houston ______ have a high school diploma.A. don’tB. doesn’tC. haven’tD. would not20. We think of ______ as an international practice not to interfere with other countries’ internal affairs.A. ourselvesB. thatC. /D. it浙00831# 英语语法试题第3页（共7页）非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
00831英语语法试题和答案全国自考06.4-10.4
00831英语语法试题和答案全国⾃考06.4-10.4全国2006年4⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831全国2007年4⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831第⼀部分选择题（共21分）⼀、单项选择题（本⼤题共21⼩题，每⼩题1分，共21分）在每⼩题列出的四个备选项中只有⼀个是符合题⽬要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂⿊。
未涂、错涂或多涂均⽆分。
1．The general sent out word that no one in the bunker ________ to bed until further orders. A．will go B．would go C．was about to go D．was to go 2．He ________ violin when I want to sleep.A．always plays B．play always C．is always playing D．always is playing 3．James has just arrived, but I d idn’t know he ________ until yesterday.A．will come B．was coming C．had been coming D．comes 4．I only called the police when I ________ everything else. A．tried B．was trying C．had tried D．had been trying 5．Mother wished I ________ you what she ________. A．didn’t tell; said B．didn’t tell; has said C．didn’t tell; had said D．hadn’t told; said 6．Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ________ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A．is to be analyzed B．were analyzed C．be analyzed D．should have been analyzed 7．The teacher said that Jane________ work harder the following semester.A．have to B．had better C．had better to D．would rather to 8．The twins had been away for such a long time that many people in the village thought they ________.A．ought to have died B．should have died C．must have died D．could have died 9．“I ________ go out today. If I do, I ________ in a storm. ” I s aid to myself when I heard the weatherman say there would be a heavy rain that day.A．had better not to; might have been caught B．had better; may be caughtC．would not; might have been caught D．had better not; may be caught 10．I hope that it is possible to achieve thisobjective by calling on the smokers ________ good judgment and show concern for others rather than by regulation.A．to be using B．to have been using C．use D．to use 11．When ________ to tell the difference between British and American English, the linguist made a long and ________ speech.A．asked; tired B．asked; tiring C．asking; tiring D．be asked; tired 12．The money would have to be raised by ________ taxation.A．far B．farther C．farthest D．further 13．Their plane arrived ________ San Francisco this morning.A．from B．at C．to D．on 14．The delegation ________ Russia will visit London this afternoon.A．in B．from C．at D．for 15．Her mother can’t speak English ________ French, but is good at Japanese.A．yet B．or C．neither D．while16．He became a successful actor ________ his father never was.A．who B．whom C．that D．when 17．The manager fulminated against his secretary, ________ surprised me. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 18．He graduated from college ________ his parents divorced.A．which B．before C．while D．that 19．She sat ________ the table in the restaurant.A．in B．with C．from D．at 20．Young ________ he was, he managed to make a living on his own.A．although B．since C．though D．thus 21．________ you had been here, we wouldn’t have had so much trouble then. A．when B．if C．as D．since 第⼆部分⾮选择题（共79分）⼆、多项选择填充题（本⼤题共8⼩题，每⼩题2分，共16分）Fill in each of the blanks with one of the items given.22．is, are, was, were, itself, himself, themselvesThe trade union ________ believed to regard ________ as an organization where the molested could seek advice and help. 23．is, are, was, were, will be, are going to be, have, has, hadThe beautiful ________ something that the innocent ________ not always able to appreciate fully.24．preferred, prefers, is, are, was, were, will be, shall beDuring the holiday week, one-third of the students in our class ________ prepared to stay on campus for study while around ten percent of them ________ some more sleep at home. 25．is, are, has, have, havingThe average British family, which ________ smaller and richer than 50 years ago, ________ 3. 6 members.26．were, was, had, propaganda, propagandasLarge amounts of money ________ spent on ________.27．than, as, more, most, theThe ________ information that comes in, ________ more confused the picture becomes. 28．than, as, more, so, lessI’m not going out with a man who’s twice ________ old ________ me.29．analysis, criteria, diabetes, gentry, pants, physicsa. Singular only: ________________________________________b. Plural only: __________________________________________三、填空题（本⼤题共16⼩题，每⼩题1分，共16分）Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase.30．Nobody in the class agrees with you, ________________?31．Everyone is excited by the news, ________________?32．Let’s not take John with us on our family outing this time, ________________?33．John hardly speaks to anybody in the class, ________________?34．She’s lost almost ________________ friend she had.35．He lost ________________ parents when he was a child.36．The noise of the party stopped me getting ________________ sleep.37．When you were in London, did you visit ________________ Tower, too?38．He said that he ____ （feed）up with college instructors who tried to teach him to use the “scientific method”.39．It is surprising that this innocent-looking girl ________________ （commit）such a crime. 40．I appreciate ________（give）the opportunity to study abroad three years ago.41．I think his failure in the experiment resulted ________ his carelessness.42．This car is very expensive. You have to pay half a million dollars ________ it.43．With an appropriate conjunctiveLast month I bought a watch. It is cheap, ________ it goes quite well.44．With an appropriate relative pronounMy brother speaks English fluently, ________ I don’t.45．He can not choose his own job, ________ can I.四、改错题（本⼤题共11⼩题，每⼩题1分，共11分）Correct one error in each of the following sentences.46．I think you should go for school earlier today.47．She said she was afraid at her father.48．-“Which newspaper would you like? ”-“It doesn’t matter. Every one. ”49．I spent the all of the summer at home.50．The girl often heard to sing the same song at the same time in her room.51．Being not helped by anybody, he is not likely to succeed.52．Should we always follow the advice of our olders?53．He stood there, his eyes closed and his hands in the pockets, looking half asleep.54．I met another boyfriend of Lucy yesterday.55．The project on that we have been working for five weeks is a great success.56．Which she does is often at variance with what she says.五、改句（本⼤题共13⼩题，每⼩题2分，共26分）Rewrite the following sentences as required.57．Turning the following imperative into a tag questionDon’t let the children eat a lot of sweets and ice creams.58．Using a relative pronounI am going to the airport to meet Mr Johnson.He is a close friend of mine.59．Using a relative pronounShe is a lawyer. I know her.60．Using an adjunctMary decided to stay in her London apartment.She was growing sick of city Life.61．Using the passive voiceCouldn’t we ask someone to take on the job privately without anyone knowing? 62．Using a modal verbAm I not right in supposing this is the one you want?63．Using a nonfinite verb formAt a very early stage, Paderewski revealed that he was a master of the keyboard. 64．Using an adjunctHis child had gone to school. He could concentrate on his research work.65．Using extrapositionTo see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes makes a disappointing view.66．Using frontingHe plunged into the tumultuous water in order to save the girls.67．Rewriting B’s answer by using a cohesive deviceA: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?B: No, I don’t think John is trying to enter Harvard Law School. He hates lawyers. 68．Rewriting the second sentence by using a cohesive deviceMy wife and I take a walk after supper this evening. In fact, we take a walk every evening. 69．Rewriting the second clause by using a cohesive deviceThe limited seats should be given to old people and the younger people are advised to stand for a while.六、名词解释（本⼤题共3⼩题，每⼩题2分，共6分）Define the following terms with examples.70．Participles71．What is “fronting”?72．Define “ellipsis”七、简答题（本⼤题共2⼩题，每⼩题2分，共4分）Answer the following questions.73．List at least 4 means of expressing future time.74．What’s the difference between a simple verb phrase and a complex verb phrase?2007年4⽉⾼教⾃考英语语法试卷参考答案⼀、单项选择题：（本⼤题共21⼩题，每⼩题1分，共21分）1.D2.C3.B4.C5.D6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.B16.C 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.C 21.B⼆、多项选择题：（本⼤题共8⼩题，每⼩题2分，共16分，多选、少选、错选均⽆分）22. was , itself23. is, are24.were, preferred25. is, has26. were; propaganda27. more; the28.as, as29.a . physics, diabetes, analysis b. pants, gentry, criteria三、填空题：（本⼤题共20⼩题，每⼩题1分，共20分）30.do they 31. aren’t they/ isn’t he 32. shall we 33. does he 34. every 35.both/ his 36. any/ some 37. the 38.was fed 39. should have committed 40. having been given41.from 42. for 43. but/ yet 44. which 45. neither/ nor四、改错题：（本⼤题共8⼩题，每⼩题1分，共8分）46. go to 47. was afraid of 48. Any/ Eitherone49. 改：the whole of the summer// all summer50. 改：was often heard51. 改：Not being helped52. 改：our elders53. 改：his hands54. 改：Lucy’s55. 改：on which56. 改：What she五、改写句⼦题：（本⼤题共13⼩题，每⼩题2分，共26分）57. Don’t let the children eat a lot of sweets and ice creams, will you?58. I am going to the airport to meet Mr Johnson who is a close friend of mine.59. She is a lawyer who/that/whom I know60. Mary decided to stay in her London apartment though she was growing sick of city Life.61. Couldn’t anyone be asked to take on the job privately without anyone knowing?62. Will this be the one you want?63. At a very early stage, Paderewski revealed himself to be a master of the keyboard.64. As his child had gone to school, he could concentrate on his research work.65. It makes a disappointing view to see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes66. Into the tumultuous water, he plunged in order to save the girls.67. A: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?B: No, I don’t think he is trying to enter Harvard Law School, for he hates lawyers.68. My wife and I take a walk after supper this evening. In fact, we do it every evening.69. The limited seats should be given to old people and the younger ones are advised to stand for a while.六、名词解释题：（本⼤题共2⼩题，每⼩题2分，共4分）70. Participles belong to non-finite verb. There are 2 kinds of them: -ing Participles and –ed Participles.71.Fronting: remove an item from its unmarked postsubject position to the marked presubject position.As fronting moves an item into initial position which shouldn’t be there , and it disturbs the expected information flow and brings about unusualness./ It shift an item from the final position to the front. And it achieves the effect of parallelism and contrast.72. Ellipsis : a kind of coherent devices leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute.七、简答题：（本⼤题共3⼩题，每⼩题2分，共6分）73. future expressions:1.will/ shall:2.Be going to3.be doing: plan4.simple present:5.will be doing:6.be about to do:7.be to do:74. The simple verb phrase: a verb phrase goes without* auxiliaries (main verb & modifier + mainverb) Eg: He likes music. Or : I often visited the park.The complex verb phrase: a verb phrase goes with* auxiliaries.Eg: I have finished the book. Or: We will go there.全国2008年4⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831⼀、单项选择题Choose the best answers from the choices given and put the letter in the brackets.1. Natalie _____fault with the way her husband eats.（）A. has always foundB. always foundC. is always findingD. always finds2. We _______ in France now，but the flight _______.（）A. are; puts offB. were; was put offC. were to arrive; put offD. were to have been; was put off3. The ghost _______ as the clock _______ twelve.（）A. appeared，was strikingB. appeared，struckC. was appearing，struckD. was appearing，was striking4. Once a satellite _______ into orbit round Pluto，scientists will be able to find a great deal.（）A. will be putB. has been putC. would be putD. was put5. You talk as though it _______ a small thing to leave the country for good.（）A. isB. wasC. will beD. were6. The method of painting is known as _______ far back as the Song Dynasty.（）A. to be usedB. to have usedC. to have been usingD. to have been used7.There used to be an old apple tree in the garden，_______?（）A. used thereB. could thereC. was thereD. use there8. The boss demanded that the letter _______typed today.（）A. can beB. should beC. shall beD. must be9. Aren?t you tired? I _______ you _______ enough for today.（）A. think; didB. thought; had doneC. would have thought; had doneD. should have thought; did10. Let me start with a _______ issue before I explain the problem of our major concern.（）A. lessB. moreC. lesserD. least11. I went to see my parents _______ National Day.（）A. onB. atC. inD. for12. They are going to visit Sydney _______ Christmas.（）A. atB. inC. forD. on13. While _______ for costs _______，my solicitor?s case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a …brilliant academic record?.（）A. asked; awardedB. asking; awardedC. asked; to be awardedD. asking; to be awarded14. The mother didn?t know who _______ for the broken vase.（）A. blamesB. blamedC. to blameD. will blame15. Judging from the latest information，you?d better make up your mind now _______ it is too late.（）A. afterB. sinceC. whenD. before16. She was very angry with the person _______ called her early in the morning. （）A. whichB. whoC. whomD./17. Thank you very much for the lovely toy _______ you sent my son.（）A. whereB. whoC. whomD./18. _______，they refused to come to the party.（）A. Strange enoughB. SlowlyC. HappilyD. Always19. It is true that John drove _______.（）A. franklyB. all of a suddenC. slowlyD. clearly20. She stood up _______ order to see better.（）A. inB. byC. atD. on21. I used to read a lot ______ I don?t have much time for books now.（）A. althoughB. sinceC. asD. neverthelessCDABD DCBAC AACCD BDACA A⼆、多项选择题Fill in each of the blanks with one of the items given.22. is，are，was，were，will be，shall beExcept for the eatable that _______ allowed into the spot，everything else ___ ___ confiscated that day.23. is，are，was，were，itself，himself，themselvesThe family ______ enjoying _______ immensely at the Spring Festival dinner party.24. be，is，was，are，were，will be，shall bea. Three years _______too long a time for the master program.b. Three-fourths of the water in the bottle _______ expected to leak out within ten minutes.25. than，as，more，so，lessShe speaks French _______ well _______ the rest of us.26. is，are，has，have，havingA team which ______ full of enthusiasm _______ a better chance of winning.27. woman，women，has，have，havingThe number of _______ doctors in the hospital ______ increased dramatically over the past decade. 28. than，as，more，most，the_______ more money he makes，the _______ useless things he buys.29. bacteria，optics，nucleus，jeans，measles，cattlea. Singular only: nucleus，_optics__,_ measles_b. Plural only: bacteria，_jeans，_ cattle_22 .were was 23.were themselves 24.is is 25. So as 26.is has 27.women has28.the more三、填空题Fill in each of the blanks as required.A. With questions tags:30. Nobody agreed with you，_______?31. Let?s go out to dinner，_______?32. You had your watch repaired yesterday，_______?33. Close the door，_______?B. With a determiner:34. There is a line of trees on _______ side of the river.35. “Can you come on Saturday or Sunday?”“I?m afraid _______ day is possible.”36. I suddenly realized I?d come out without _______ money.37. Do you know _______ Browns? They live next to us.C. With an appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given:38. They arranged that the demonstration ______ (take place) in their new showrooms.39. Observations __are made_____ (make)daily at two hundred weather stations in and around the British Isles，which send in reports every three hours.40. She couldn?t find her way to my apartment_______ (give)the wrong address.D. With an appropriate preposition:41. The man was accused _______ stealing a diamond ring.42. The woman driver was charged _______ speeding.E. With an appropriate conjunctive:43. Mr Smith graduated from California University in 2001 _______ now he is working as a lawyer.F. With an appropriate relative pronoun:44. He is a very capable manager，_______none of his predecessors was.45. A few years later Mary returned home as a famous musician，a fact ______ came as quite a surprise to her friends.30 did he 31 shall we 32didn’t you 33 will you 34 each/either/the 35 neither 36 much 37 the38 would take place 39 are made 40 having been given 41of 42 for 43 and 44 which 45 which四、改错题Correct one error in each of the following sentences.46. He watched each gesture of her as if she was a stranger.He watched each gesture of hers as if she was a stranger.47. Every person in turn went to see the doctor.Each person in turn went to see the doctor.48. On the stand there were newspapers and magazines of any kind.On the stand there were newspapers and magazines of some kind.49. I’ve just read whole of Pride and Preju dice.I?ve just read the whole of Pride and Prejudice.50. It is known to all that 70% of the earth are consisted of water.It is known to all that 70% of the earth is consisted of water.51. Running into the room，a rug caught her foot and she fell.When running into the room，a rug caught her foot and she fell.52. His two sons look the same age. Which is the older?His two sons look the same age. Which is the elder?53. Why didn’t you go with your friends in the trip at Africa?Why didn?t you go with your friends in the trip to Africa?54. I’m afraid the boy is very rude at his parents.I?m afraid the boy is very rude to his parents.55. Do you like the idea which we risk cheating in the English exam?Do you like the idea that we risk cheating in the English exam?56.The man about which they talked happens to be the new director of their department. The man about whom they talked happens to be the new director of their department.五、改写句⼦题Rewrite the following sentences as required.A. Turning the following statement into a YES-NO question57. He’s always telling me that I don’t plan for the future.Is he always telling you that you don't plan for the future?。
自考现代英语语法200204
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831Ⅰ.单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given:1. When they arrived at the airport, the plane _____A. already set offB. set off alreadyC. had already set offD. has already set off2. The moon _____ around the earth.A. moveB. movesC. will moveD. has moved3. If I _____ you, I would give up the job.A. amB. beC. wasD. were4._____ there be life on Mars?A. MayB. CanC. MightD. Ought5. She pretended not _____ interested but her eyes betrayed her.A. to beB. beC. beingD. been6. He aimed his gun _____ me.A. toB. atC. onD. into7.Stay _____ have dinner with us, will you?A. toB. orC. andD. here8. Y ou can use my car, _____ you promise to be back before lunch.A. as for asB. as much asC. as good asD. as long as9. Mary listened carefully _____ she might discover exactly what John wanted.A. so as thatB. in order thatC. in caseD. provided10. A: What will you be doing in the summer?B: _____ English in a high school.A. To teachB. TeachingC. Will be teachingD. Will teach11. Is this the first time you _____ Beijing?A. have visitedB. would visitC. visited D .have been visiting12. Great as Einstein was, many of this assumptions _____ today and modified by contemporaryscientists.A. are to challengeB. may be challengedC. are challengingD. have been challenged13. Y ou _____ be shocked at the news.A. should wellB. must wellC. may wellD. can well14. He _____ possibly be serious, and nobody takes it seriously.A. shouldn’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. shan’t15. He didn’t permit me _____.A. explainingB. explainedC. explainD. to explain16. Many of them died _____ the disease.A. inB. forC. ofD. among17. The government has promised to do all _____ lies in its power to help.A. whichB. thatC. ( )D. the18. The person _____ I complained is the manager.A. whoB. to whomC. whomD. to who19. He went to bed _____ he finished his work.A. at the momentB. the momentC. in a momentD. by the moment20. The evidence is invalid _____ it was obtained through illegal means.A. so thatB. thatC. since thatD. in thatⅡ. 选择题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)Fill in the blanks with one of the following items:21. is, are, being, people, peoplesThe Chinese, like many other _______ in the Far East, _______ extremely hard-working.22. is, are, was, were, itself, himself, themselvesChicago Bulls _______ enjoying _______ at the celebration party for the fifth NBA championship.23. prefer, prefers, is, are, was, were, will be, shall beOne-third of the students _______ willing to write course papers but ten percent of the teachers _______ in-class examinations.24. be, is, was, are ,were, will be, shall be, has, have hada. She is one of these girls who _______ trouble running around.b. This one of the many houses here which _______ destroyed in the earthquake.Put the following words in appropriate groups:25. green, greens, greenery, salads, salad, salad'sHer sister didn’t give her anything on her birthday but a small _______ Chinese _______ spoon.26. The early; Early; The earlier; the soon; sooner; the sooner_______ you start, _______ you'll get it done.27. billiards, bronchitis, deer, dominoes, sheep, Vietnamesea. Singular only:_______b. Both singular and plural:_______28. butter, desk, fish, laughter, people, thundera. Countable nouns:_______b. Uncountable nouns:_______Ⅲ. 填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Fill in the blanks with assertive, non-assertive or negative words:29. It’s strange that she should _______ repeat the mistake.30. He refused to stay here _______ longer.Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the given verb phrases:31. It is very typical of you. Y ou _______ (always lose) things.32. She _______ (entitle to) a repayment of her damaged car.33. We never imagined him _______ (stay) at home for a whole week.Fill in the blanks with proper words:34. This is our _______ important task so far.35. I like Australia best _______ all the English speaking countries.36. I made a comparison _______ the major English speaking countries.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:37. He never came _______ when he was in trouble.38. I think it best _______ you should stay here.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative pronoun:39. They eat the finest food _______ is available.40. That _______ was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember.41. He feared lest people should think him impractical, _______ he was not.Fill in the blanks with WH-words:42. A: “I’m going to Beijing this weekend.”B: “_______ for?”43. A: “_______ come he’s failed in the exam?”B: “He’s been absent from class for a whole month.”Fill in the blanks with an appropriate form of the given words:44. It is highly desirable that a new president _______ (appoint) for this university.45. Rather than _______ (repair)it, he decided to sell the car.46. She came much _______(early) than we expected.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate pronoun:47. She could pass _______ a much younger woman.48. Look _______ you and decide if you like your position.Ⅳ. 改错(本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)Correct errors in the following sentences:49. She’s got a parrot no the shoulder.50. Have you heard this new idea of the boss?51. He watched each gesture of her as if she was a stranger.52. I saw that stupid boyfriend of Mary yesterday.53. John F. Kennedy was President of United States in 1961.54. A great deal of illness originates in mind.55. The all of Paris welcomed the general.56. I haven’t seen him whole day.Ⅴ. 改写句子(本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required:57. T urn the singular nouns or noun phrases into plural forms wherever possible with othernecessary changes:The passer-by stopped and put his hand into his trouser pocket.58. Write a counter-factual condition based on the given fact:Alexandra the great died because of the attention from too many physicians.59. Use modal verbs:I just don’t believe that the line has been engaged all this time. Maybe there's a fault on it.60. T urn the clause into an infinitive phrase:It’s good idea that we do not permit smoking in this area.61. Combine sentences using coordination and/or subordination:Y ou are in doubt about deductions on our tax return. Call the IRS collect.62. Combine sentences using coordination and/or subordination:We carved their names on the stone. Our purpose was to have future generations know what they had done.63. Combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:My boss is a very considerate person. His predecessor was not a considerate person at all.64. Rewrite the following sentence using a disjunct:It is more important that the government should always be responsive to the public opinions.65. Improve the following sentence:Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children.66. Use cleaving for place adjunct:Jack revealed Tom's scandal at the party.67. Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:A: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?B: No, I don’t think John is trying to enter Harvard Law School. He hates lawyers.68. Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:A: Can I have these apples, Mum?B: Y ou just had a big apple.69. Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:I learned to pack light early in life. I had to pack light early in life.Ⅵ. 名词解释(本大题2小题，每小题2分，共4分)Define the following terms with examples:70. Predictive meaning of modal auxiliaries71. Define “ellipsis” with two examples.Ⅶ. 简答题(本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分)Answer the following questions with the help of examples:72. List two situations in which simple present is used to refer to the past.73. What are non-finite verbs?74. What role does “there” play in the existential sentence from a communicative point of view?。
自考现代英语语法 第二章
That the negation is transferred can be justified by the use of non-assertive words or by the form of tag question:
2.2.2 WH-questions
The term covers all questions that normally begin with WH-series of words, like, what, when, where, why, who (m), whose, which and how. Tone: final falling tone. 降调 Characteristic: requiring specific information Elliptical situations
Chapter 2
Sentence Types
2.0 Introduction
Four major types of sentences: 1. Declaratives (subject + verb结构) 陈述 They moved into the new house. 2.Interrogatives (auxiliary or modal + subject) 疑问 Can I have a few words with you? 3.Imperatives (usually without subject) 祈使 Watch out! 4. Exclamatives (what or how 引导的subject + verb结构) 感叹 What a lovely house you have! The associated disclose functions: 1. Statements—declaratives giving information 2. Questions—interrogatives requiring information 3. Commands—imperatives requiring actions 4. Exclamations—exclamatives expressing impression
自考00831现代英语语法复习资料【考前必看】
自考现代英语语法考前必看资料第一部分：引言《现代英语语法》是由李基安先生编写，全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会指定的全国高等教育自学考试教材。
关于这门课程的考试要求，可参见该教程第425所附录的《英语语法自学考试大纲》。
大纲是方向、目标，广大考生必须仔细了解。
英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。
通过该课程的学习，学员能够比较系统地认识英语从词，句到语篇的构造，从而提高他们应用英语的规范性。
在学习该教材时，学员普遍存在两种倾向：一是，由于该教材都是用英文编写，里面又涉及很多专业术语，许多学员觉得高深、难懂；二是，有些学员认为，自己从学英语开始就在学习英语语法，没有必要在这门功课上花太多的精力，所有的语法书都大同小异，自己稍做准备就能对付过去。
其实，两种看法都失偏颇。
现代语法的发展与传统语法已经存在比较明显的差异，例如：传统语法认为，英语有九种（甚至十六种）时态，该教程则采取的是‘a system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-两时两体体系。
另外对phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定义。
书中提到的一些其他语言现象，如：外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般语法书所不提及或者阐述不同。
该教材也并非高深莫测，毕竟多数语言现象还是我们日常英语学习中所耳濡目染的，只不过我们许多英语学习者没有考究过它们形成的理论根据，来龙去脉而已。
所以，为了使自己的英语更加规范，让自己能用英语更准确、有效地传递信息、表达思想，英语专业的学生还是很有必要把这门课程学好。
现在我们就结合《现代英语语法》教材，近几年英语语法专业考试试题，讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的测试要点或难点。
我们先通过几道语法题来检测你现有的现代语法水平，接着探讨一下该教材的学习方法，最后把教材各章的要点、难点归纳给大家。
00831英语语法2009年07月历年真题及答案
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. Even when you are at _______ end, you should not lose your head and make wrong judgment.（）A. wit’s B. you wit’sC. your wit’sD. your wit2. It’s reported that by the end of this year the output of steel in the factory _______ by 20% or so.（）A. will have risen B. has risenC. will be risingD. has been rising3. A lower birth rate can _______ if the government can promote more even income distribution.（）A. achieve B. achievedC. be achievingD. be achieved4. It is recommended that the students _______ the oral interpretation test until they have had enough preparation. （）A. not takeB. takeC. don’t takeD. will not take5. If he _______ hard in the past ten years, he wouldn’t have achieved so much in the medical field.（）A. hadn’t been workingB. had been workingC. workedD. weren’t working6. Every employee _______ do his best for the development of the company, if he wants to be promoted. （）A. canB. mayC. needD. should浙00831# 英语语法试卷第1页（共9页）7. So many students _______, the test had to be put off. （）A. were absentB. have been absentC. being absentD. had been absent8. I’ll never forget _______ my present boss for the first time. （）A. to meetB. meetingC. to have metD. having been meeting9. The most impressive furniture in his office is a _______ chair. （）A. comfortable huge leatherB. leather comfortable hugeC. leather huge comfortableD. huge comfortable leather10. The smaller the computer is, _______. （）A. the higher the price isB. the price is higherC. higher the price isD. the higher price it is11. When it co mes to mathematics, I’m _____ John. （）A. inferior toB. inferior thanC. more inferior toD. more inferior than12. The school library was named_____the donor who offered ten million yuan for its construction. （）A. byB. afterC. withD. from13. Paris is one of the places_____. （）A. where I most want to visitB. that I want to visit it mostC. in which I most want to visitD. which I most want to visit14. Although he studied very hard, he failed in the entrance exams to college, _____was really a pity. （）A. thatB. itC. whichD. as15. His beloved son died in a car accident two years ago,_____cast a shadow over the rest of his life. （）A. thatB. itC. whichD. what浙00831# 英语语法试卷第2页（共9页）16. The painter and the sculptor ____to hold an exhibition in the downtown gallery.( )A. has decidedB. had decidedC. have decidedD. have been decided17. That all the students should wear school uniforms _____much stressed by the headmaster. （）A. areB. hasC. isD. have18. Emily is motivated to study_____ she knows that a good education can improve her life. （）A. thereforeB. because ofC. becauseD. so19. Although his many examples were all right, the remainder_____ not quite exact. （）A. areB. wereC. isD. was20. Are you going to buy _____ rice? （）A. all theseB. these allC. all thisD. this all二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)Section A Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21. has made, have made, makes, are, it’s,they’reThe family _______ up their minds that _______ going to travel.22. a, a, the, the, any, allSingleton is _______ quiet village near Chicgester. The village has _______ population of a few hundred people.23. arranges, is arranged, has arranged, forget, have forgotten, have been forgottenThe list _______ alphabetically and nothing seems to _________.24. is, was, were, has, will have, would have_______ it to rain tomorrow, the opening ceremony _______ to be postponed.25. even though, as though, although, understand, understood, understanding浙00831# 英语语法试卷第3页（共9页）Whenever the professor explained something, she kept smiling and nodding her head from time to time _______ _______ every word of his lecture.26. which, what, told, he told, was told, which was toldThere was one thing _______ me _______ I don’t believe.27. is, are, to be, which, that, what_______ he said and thought _______ none of your concern.28. when, what, who, any, either, otherI don’t know _______ I should choose. _______ way I’ll l ose a good manager.Section B Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes where necessary. ( 共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)29. That may be your lost car,_______ (it)?30. _______ (fast) you are running!31. No one will fail to marvel at the_______ (snow) of the Himalayas.32. She would work twelve hours a day all _______ (years) when she was at Cambridge.33. Would you mind going to the_______ (chemist) for me?34. I’m afraid you_______ (have) to be responsible for everything you do after you’ re eighteen.35. John_______ (resemble) his father more and more as he grows older.36. I _______ (finish) the novel last night, but I was just too tired.37. Two bags which_______ (go) to Rome were at this moment being loaded aboard a flight toMilwaukee.38. I’m sorry, she’s not here. She_______ (leave) already.39. I don’t mind working late at night, but I can’t stand_______ (get) up early in the morning.40. Would you speak louder so as to make yourself_______ (hear)?41. Is your mother any_______ (relaxe d) after an hour’s rest?42. This is by far_______ (good school) in the region.43. This coach doesn’t go to Beijing. You will have to change_______ (Nanjing).44. The authority to call an emergency meeting_______ (rest) the president.45. The project_______ (which) they have been working for two years is a total failure.46. To eat to live and to live to eat_______ (constitute) two different attitudes toward life.47.In 1941 America assumed_______ (role) as a world power.浙00831# 英语语法试卷第4页（共9页）48. - Haven’t we met before?- I _______ (not think).三、改错题(本大题共l 2小题，每小题1分,共12分)Correct the errors in the following sentences.49. We have got enough time to read such many novels.50. —Why have you set your alarm clock to go off at 5:30?—Because I will get up then. I’ve got a lot to do.51. Although best known for her prose works, Maya Angelou was also published several collections of poetry.52. Yesterday he got so drunk, but he could find the front door.53. When heated, the metal expands, and if been cooled, it will contract.54. His illness may well be thanks to malnutrition.55. Marge walked away from the discussion; otherwise, she might say something she would regret later.56. Why doesn’t she buy us a drink? It isn’t as although she had no money.57. They can choose their own jobs, that I can not.58. That human beings live in great numbers, the rivers are very likely to become polluted.59. The girl who came late danced prettily well.60. We have received your estimate for the alterations you propose but have decided that it would be too high.四、改句题(本大题共1 2小题，每小题2分，共24分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Reinforcing the negation:These goods are not satisfactory.62. Using a question tag:I don’t suppose that he is serious.63. Using a non-finite verb form:Please advise me which I should choose.64. Combining two sentences using a condition-adjunct:浙00831# 英语语法试卷第5页（共9页）The weather keeps fine. I see no reason why the village fete should not be a success.65. Using a relative clause:Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, has 11 satellites.66. Combining two sentences using a preference-adjunct:He did not ask for help. He decided to work it out on his own.67. Combining two sentences using a contrast-adjunct:We live in poverty. Our neighbours have money to burn.68. Using a non-finite clause as subject:It is difficult to study English well within 2 years.69. Using extraposition:To drive without a license is illegal.70. Using discontinuity:The days when he could boss me around are gone.71. Using fronting:He thre atened to take his revenge on his father’s murderer, and he will take the revenge.72. Using an appropriate cohesive device:I inherited some skills from my mother. Those skills have been put to the rest.五、简答题(本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分)Answer the following questions.73. Why can some non-progressive verbs be used in the progressive form?74. Under what circumstances do we use singular verb with a collective noun denoting animatebeings as subject?浙00831# 英语语法试卷第6页（共9页）浙00831# 英语语法试卷第7页（共9页）浙00831# 英语语法试卷第8页（共9页）浙00831# 英语语法试卷第9页（共9页）。
2015现代英语语法复习重点1-16
现代英语语法课程代码008311.课程性质与目标性质：《现代英语语法》是自学考试英语专业的课程。
目的：使学生认识从词到句乃至语篇的构造，提高英语使用标准性，准确传递信息和表达思想。
重难点：重点是动词的运用，第五到第八章。
难点是名词的数、主谓一致问题等。
〔P5〕2. 2015年考试样题〔课本P25〕一、选择题〔20%，未变〕二、多项选择填空题〔20%，未变〕三、根据要求填空〔20%，改变〕四、改写句子〔30%，未变〕五、简答〔形式未变〕六、名词解释并举例〔新增〕教材的重点与难点归纳Chapter 1. An overview一.术语：Grammar can be a full description of the form and meaning of the sentences ofthe language or it covers certain parts of a description, focusing on syntax and morphology.●Descriptive grammar〔描述性语法)examines the rules or patterns that underlieour use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences.●Prescriptive grammar〔规定性语法〕tries to enforce rules about what theybelieve to be the correct uses of language.●Syntax〔句法〕is concerned with the way words combine to form sentences.●Morphology〔形态〕is related to the form of words.●Morpheme(词素) is the smallest meaningful element in grammar.●Free morpheme(自由词素)：a morpheme that can occur alone.eg:boy, girl,man...●Bound morpheme(粘着词素): a morpheme that can only occur in conjunctionwith at least one other morpheme.eg: im-, in-, -ed...●open class words(开放词类): also called lexical words, focus on the form ofwords. Their membership is fairly open-ended, so we can coin new words to add to them. Eg: N, V, Adj, Adv.●closed class(封闭词类): also called grammatical words, focusing on functions ofwords.Their membership is fixed and no words can be created. Eg: Det, pron, prep,conj, aux.二、语法单位的层级结构英语句子的结构层次是：分句(clauses)、词组(phrases)、单词(words)、词素(morpheme) In writing systems, the hierarchical structure is:Higher A text consists of one or more sentencesA sentence consists of one or more clausesA clause consists of one or more phrasesA phrase consists of one or more wordsA word consists of one or more morphemesLower A morpheme三.句子分类〔按构成〕Simple~(简单句):A sentence consists of only one clause.Compound~(复合句又并列句):In a sentence containing more than one clause, if the clauses are related to one another by coordination, it is a compound sentence. Complex~(复杂句又叫主从句):In a sentence containing more than one clause, if the clauses are related to one another by subordination, it is a complex sentence.四、句子类型〔按功能〕Statements〔陈述句〕, commands〔命令句〕questions〔疑问句〕，exclamations〔感慨句〕Chapter 2. Word-formation 构词法七种构词法：1 position 组合法2.derivation 派生法3.conversion 转化法4.blending 拼缀法5.back-formation 逆生法；逆序造词6.shortening 缩略法7.acronym ['ækrənɪm] 首字母缩写法一、术语●Word-formation is the creation of a new word. 构词就是新词的创造。
00831自考英语语法简答题
Chapter1．Present the grammatical units that form a hierarchical order. 请给出语法单位等级结构图。
Hierarchy of grammatical unitsA text consists of one or more sentencesA sentence consists of one or more clausesA clause consists of one or more phrasesA phrase consists of one or more wordsA word consists of one or more morphemesA morphemeIn grammatical terms, while a sentence is the largest unit (of a text), a word is the smallest, the lowest rank unit to which a grammatical function can be assigned. However, a sentence can team up with other sentences to form a larger linguistic unit-text, and a word is not the smallest meaningful element in the writing system. It can break into smaller elements which are called morphemes. So we have the above extended hierarchy of grammatical units.2．Define morpheme, free morpheme, bound morpheme, morph and allomorph. 请给词素，自由词素，粘附词素，形素和词素变体下定义。
自考00831英语语法自考模拟试题(12)
00831英语语法自考模拟试题（12）A.are finishingB.will finishC.will have finishedD.gave finished73.When I arrived in Birmingham the sun ____.A.has been shiningB.shoneC.has shoneD.was shining74.“Let’s play football sometime.”“Good idea.What ____ this afternoon?”A.are you going to doB.shall you doC.are you doingD.will you do75.By the time the course ends,____ a lot about Britain.A.we’ll learnB.we are learningC.we have learntD.we’ll have learnt76.All the machines ____ by the end of the following week.A.were repairedB.would be repairedC.will have been repairedD.were being repaired77.If you ____ quiet,I’ll tell you what happened.A.areB.will beC.are to beD.be78.If you ____ over there for a moment,I’ll tell Mr.Lee you’ve arrived.A.will waitB.waitedC.are waitingD.will be waiting79.We’ll be in class at nine,but they ____.A.don’tB.won’tC.aren’tD.weren’t80.My wife ____.A.has forever criticized meB.forever criticizes meC.does forever criticize meD.is forever criticizing me81.By this time next year he ____ from this college.A.will be graduatingB.should be graduatingC.will have graduatedD.is graduating82.My niece has been to Sumatra and Iran as well as all of Europe.By the time she’s twenty,she ____ almost everywhere.A.will beB.would have beenC.will have beenD.would be83.She was so interested in the book that she ____ it for three hours before she realized it.A.had readB.readC.was readingD.will have read84.____ since I began to learn English.A.Six years has passedB.Six years passedC.It had been six yearsD.It was six years85.“I thought Peter’s school had closed for the summer.”“No,I think it ____ at the end of May.”A.to closeB.closesC.closingD.to be closed86.We won’t go unless you _____ soon.ingB.cameC.will comee87._____ the letter,I ran out of the room to the post office.A.After I had finished forB.As soon as I finished writingC.No sooner than I had finished upD.Since I had finished up to write88.Whenever I _____ these days,I always carry my raincoat.A.shall go outB.am going outC.would go outD.go out89.He will come to call on you the moment he ____ his work.A.will finishB.finishesC.had finishedD.finished90.I don’t think she’ll be upset,but I’ll see her in case ____.A.she’llB.she isC.she doesD.she would91.Put on your raincoat,____ it rains.A.becauseB.forC.in any caseD.in case92.If it ____ rain,we’ll have the party outside.A.wouldn’tB.didn’tC.doesn’tD.won’t93.I had hoped Mr.Smith ____ me an early reply.A.gaveB.to giveC.givingD.would give94.The teacher told the children that water ____ at 100 degree Centigrade.A.boilsB.boiledC.was boilingD.boiling95.She said she ____ her homework when the teacher came.A.finishesB.had finishedC.has finishedD.had he finished96.“My father will be here tomorrow.”“Oh,I thought that he ____ today.”A.was comingB.is comingC.will comees97.Copernicus pointed out that the earth ____ round the sun.A.movesB.movedC.movingD.move98.She said to me,“How long did it take to build the church?”She asked me how long ____ to build the church.A.it was takenB.did it takeC.it had takenD.does it take99.He said to me,“Speak as slowly as you can.”He told me to speak as slowly a ____.A.you canB.I canC.you couldD.I could100.He told me that I ____ better take a train.A.wold haveB.should haveC.had hadD.had101.If no one ____ the phone at home,ring me at work.A.returnsB.repliesC.answersD.receives102.All the leading newspapers ____ the talks between the two countries.A.reportedB.printedC.announcedD.published103.You’re ____ your time trying to persuade him.He’ll never join us. A.spending B.wastingC.losingD.missing104.You’re lucky they didn’t ____ you of all you had.A.robB.stealC.catchD.seize105.Tom ____ all his pockets for money but found nothing.A.lookedB.searchedC.foundD.inspected106.The noise of planes can ____ people mad.A.strikeB.causeC.driveD.lead107.The book is certainly not so difficult as it ____.A.showsB.seemsC.expectsD.looks108.It is necessary to ____ the factory because it is taking up more business.A.increaseB.growC.developD.rise109.The workers can easily ____ the truck with the goods in an hour.A.loadB.emptyC.supportD.slant110.The soldier broke his leg,but he kept ____ on the ground toward the front.A.leadingB.jumpingC.climbingD.crawling111.Don’t be so sure,Do ____ at the chance.A.graspB.seizeC.snatchD.catch112.I love to go to the seaside in summer,It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the sea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes113.This medicine can ____ you from the disease.A.defendB.protectC.escapeD.prevent114.The two boys have ____ their friendship for many years.A.maintainedB.remainedC.remindedD.minded115.Every sum of money paid or received must be ____ down immediately.dB.markedC.bookedD.signed116.Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A.get overB.get inC.get alongD.get through117.I can hardly hear the radio.Would you please ____?A.turn it onB.turn it downC.turn it upD.turn it off118.Important tasks ____ a lot of hard work and take a long time to complete. A.call for B.call onC.call inD.call at119.If you don’t know what to do,you can ____ your friends for advice.A.turn toB.turn backC.turn over C.turn up120.Since he ____ taking exercise,he has gained weight greatly.A.gave inB.gave upC.gave offD.gave out121.Birthdays seem to ____ more quickly as we grow older.e ine rounde oute over122.The sign that he saw read“____ without permission”.A.Keep upB.Keep outC.Keep offD.Keep away123.The house is in poor condition and the roof ____ the rain.A.takes inB.goes inC.lets inD.drops in124.When he came back,he found all the things ____.A.turned outB.turned downC.turned overD.turned in。
自考00831英语语法提分高频考点串讲
4
第一章 词性与句子成分 The male students learn American English.
carefully
当我们在 learn 前面加上 “carefully”时，它可以告诉你 learn 这个动 作的状态；
另外： She is beautiful.
very
当我们 beautiful 前加上 very 这个副词的时候，我们瞬间可以知道这个 形容词的程度。综上，我们可以知道状语最常用的即为副词---会出现在有 动词和形容词出现的地方；当然，副词还可以修饰整个句子，例如：
第一节：两类基础句子结构：
呢？我们将会在这一节当中解决上面我们提出的问题，同时，这 一部分，也是我们了解英语句子奥秘，提升阅读和写作能力的基 础单元。
1
学程自考提分档案
Xue Cheng Zi Kao Ti Fen Dang An
第一节：两类基础句子结构：
第一类
【主语 + 谓语 + 宾语】
名词
动词
三 考情分析
较之前的自考英语，改版后的新自考英语已经不再设置过多的单
纯考查语法的题型，更多的是把词汇和语法结合起来考查大家的英语知 识的综合运用能力。 而阅读量的显著增加则对大家语言的整体理解和把 握提出了更高要求。
鉴于这种变化，建议大家在尽快熟悉新题型的前提下，将词汇，语 法与新题型紧密结合，再集中精力在 30 分的写作。逐个突破，急，也不拖拉，只要一步一步往前走，总会到达。 ——乔伊斯
假如人生是一次长征，水远山长，我们总期许在路上能得一知心人 相随。
倘若学习是一段旅程，越好的光景，就越鲜有人能如愿得见。在自 考这条并非坦途的旅程中，学程自考人愿做知心同路者伴你结结实实走 一遭，看尽沿途的风景，共浴旅途的汗水，收获终点的幸福。
自考00831英语语法自考模拟试题(17)
00831 英语语法自考模拟试题( 17 )情态动词1.---Where is Mary?---She ____ in the library.A.should beB.must beC.can beD.must have been2.His room is dark.He must ____ to bed.A.goB.be goingC.have goneD.have been gone3.“Will your father stay home tonight? ”“I’m not sure,He ____to work. ”A.must goB.can goC.may be goneD.may be going4.“Where is Tom?”“He isn’t here I think he ____ have gone home. ”A.mayB.mustC.mightD.A or B or C5.“I think Helen is at home. ”“No,she ____ be at home,for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago. ”A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.daren’t6.He’s late.What ____ have happened to him?A.canB.mayC.should D,must7.“_____ he be watching TV now? ”“Yes,he _____ be watching TV now. ”“No,he _____ be watching TV now. ”A.Must;can;mustn’tB.Can;must;can’tC.Must;must;can’tD.Can;can;mustn ’t8.“____.He have left yesterday? ”“Yes,he ____ yesterday. ”“No,he ____ yesterday. ”A.Must;must have left;can ’t have leftB.Can;can have left;can ’t have leftC.Can;must have left;can ’t have leftD.May;must have left;shouldn ’t have left9.You must be a writer,____ you?A.mustn’tB.areC.mustD.aren’t10.You must have seen her yesterday,____ you?A.mustn’tB.haven’tC.didn’tD.don’t11.You must have seen her,____ you?A.haven’tB.didn’tC.don’tD.A or B12.There was plenty of time.She ____ worried or hurried.A.mustn’t haveB.shouldn’t haveC.must beD.needn’t have13.I got up early,but I ____ so because I had no work to do that morning.A.mustn’t have doneB.didn’t need to doC.needn’t have doneD.can’t have done14.I ____ up early this morning.So I stayed in bed till 9 a.m.A.needn’t have gotB.didn’t need to getC.shouldn’t have gotD.can’t have got15.The flower is dead.I ____ it more water.A.will giveB.would have givenC.must giveD.should have given16.He ____ have come here yesterday,but he didn ’t.A.couldB.shouldC.ought toD.A or B or C17.“Must he do it?”“No,he ____. ”A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.doesn’t have toD.B or C18.“Need you go now?”“Yes,I ____. ”“No,I ____. ”A.need;needn’tB.must;needn’tC.may;mustn’tD.can;needn’t19.“May I borrow your bike? ”“No,you ____. ”A.mustn’tB.may notC.had better notD.can ’t20.“Can I do it?”“No,you ____. ”or“No,please ____. ”A.can’t;doesn’tB.can’t;don’tC.can’t;can’tD.can’t;you don’t21.I missed the last bus,so I ____ go home on foot.A.mustB.have toC.mayD.had to22.We ____ hurry if we want to arrive in time.A.mustB.needC.mayD.have to23.He ought to have won the first prize,____ he?A.oughtn’tB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.oughtn’t to24.He ____ get up early when he lived in the countryside.A.woulded toC.mustn’tD.can’t25.My brother ____ be very naughty,and my sister ____ like reading.ed to;wouldB.would;used toed to;used toD.would;would26.____ you please pass on a message to him?A.DoB.ShallC.MayD.Will27.____ we set off now?A.ShallB.WillC.WouldD.ought28.“____ he open the window? ”“Yes,please. ”A.DoesB.willC.ShallD.Would29.I’ve told him many times,but he ____ listen to my advice.A.shall notB.won’tC.will notD.wouldn’t30.“Will you lend me hand? ”“Yes,I ____. ”A.willB.shallC.canD.may31.Everyone ____ do his best for the modernization of China.A.will youB.don’t weC.shall weD.do you32.Let’s clean our room,____?A.will youB.don’t weC.shall weD.do you33.Let us watch TV,____?A.will youB.don’t weC.shall weD.do you34.Close the door after you,____ you?A.don’tB.doC.shallD.will35.Every time he meets me,he ____ to me.A.smiledB.would smileC.will smileD.is smiling36.“____ you like to see a film? ”“Yes,I’d like ____. ”A will;to B.Would;to seeC.Would;toD.Will;to see37.He asked me for his book many times.Please tell him he ____ have it tomorrow.A.mustB.mayC.shallD.is38.If you go into the fields and turn over a few big stones,a city of ant “people”____ uncovered.39.Night has fallen.We have to go home,____ we?A.don’tB.haven’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t40.The cat ____ hibernate is winter.A.doesn’t need toB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t41.Your composition ____ rewriting,____ it?A.need;needn’tB.needs;doesn’tC.needs;doesD.need;doesn ’t42.Neither of them ____ the snake.A.dares catchB.dares to catchC.dare catchD.dare catching43.He ____ any help.A.needn’tB.doesn’t needC.needD.do need44.I’m afraid you must have met with many difficulties in the work,____?A.didn’t youB.aren’t youC.mustn’t youD.needn’t you45.I wish to shake hands with you,____?A.will youB.shall weC.can youD.may I46.Susan,you are so lazy.This job ____ hours before.A.should finishB.could be finishedC.must have been finishedD.should have been finished47.____ if it were spring all the year round?A.Shall it be niceB.Will it be niceC.Would it be niceD.Ought it to be nice48.Jane:You MUST do as I tell you.Kate:Oh,I must,____?A.shouldB.mustn’t IC.ought ID.must I49.I don’t suppose he’s finished the job,____?A.do youB.is heC.has heD.hasn’t he50.He was too busy,otherwise he ____ to see you.A.would goB.would beC.should haveD.would have gone。
00831英语语法2013年04月历年真题及答案
绝密★考试结束前全国2013年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用 2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.1.All the_____were shocked at the sudden death of the old man on the pavement.A. passer-bysB. passers-bysC. by-passersD. passers-by2.When I was in England, I went to visit the university where I_____.A. had studiedB. studiedC. have studiedD. was studying3.No decision has been made about what to do next. We_____it.A. still considerB. still consideredC. are still consideredD. are still considering4.Mr. Johnson told us that he_____to work in the headquarters of the corporation later this month.A. will be transferredB. would be transferredC. will transferD. was transferred5.Staying in a foreign country，I sometimes find it difficult to make myself_____.A. understandB. understandingC. to understandD. understood6.Every teacher in the school accepted the suggestion that the students_____their uniforms to school.A.would wearB. ought to wearC. must wearD. wear7.You don’t need_____for my permission every time you want to watch TV.A. to askB. askC. askingD. being asked8.This was the last play_____that year.A. to being performedB. to performingC. to be performedD. having performed9.He appeared well_____for the TV debate.A. preparedB. prepareC. preparingD. to prepare10.Where did you get the_____ furniture?A. expensive ancient mahoganyB. ancient expensive mahoganyC. expensive mahogany ancientD. ancient mahogany expensive11.This is_____the best school in the region.A. far and awayB. farther awayC. further awayD. far away12.I can’t afford as_____as this one.A. an expensive carB. expensive a carC. more expensive a carD. most expensive a car13. _____, I'd like to express my gratitude for your generous contributions.A. To beginB. To begin withC. BeginningD. Beginning with14.Michael has remarkable talent_____basketball.A. inB. forC. onD. with15.He always did well at school_____having to do part-time jobs in his spare time.A. regardless ofB. on account ofC. in spite ofD. in case of16.He is a straight A student, _____his brother never was.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that17.We talked a long while about our childhood days, _____we had a good dinner.A. after whichB. after thatC. after thenD. after what18.Bread and milk_____my breakfast for years.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been19.This is the only one of the many houses here which____destroyed by the flood.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are20. ---You don’t like dishonesty, do you?---Of course not. Actually, nobody____.A. doB. doesC. likesD. like非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
自考现代英语语法
全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given:1. A:“I hope you will be ready to leave on time. ”B:“Don't worry. I'll be ready by the time the taxi ( ). ”A. arrivingB. arrivesC. will arriveD. will have arrived2. When I reached the peak, the sun ( ).A. shoneB. shinesC. has shoneD. was shining3. The task force is supposed ( ).A. to be getting reinforcedB. that to be getting reinforcedC. to being got reinforcedD. that been got reinforced4. A new hypothesis ( ) before it can be put into practice.A. must be testedB. be testedC. can be testedD. to be tested5. I don't think she meant ( ) you.A. hurtB. to hurtC. hurtingD. be hurt6. I keep fit ( ) playing tennis every day.A. byB. onC. forD. in7. ___arrived ___ she started complaining. ( )A. Hardly had he… whenB. Hardly he had... whenC. He hardly ...thanD. Hardly had be... than8. A:“( ) did she see the doctor?”B:“She saw the doctor twice a month. ”A. HowB. How many timesC. How longD. How often9. __gone to sleep __ the telephone rang once more.A. No sooner he had... thanB. No sooner had he... whenC. No sooner had he... thanD. No sooner he had... when10. A:“What will you be doing in the summer?”B:“”( ) English in a high school.A. To learnB. LearningC. Will be learningD. Will learn11. Is this the first time you ( ) Tokyo?A. have visitedB. would visitC. visitedD. have been visiting12. The information was later admitted ( ) from unreliable sources.A. to be retrievedB. to have been retrievedC. that it has been retrievedD. that it was retrieved13. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more sophisticated one, it requires that the child ( ) psychologically ready for the new idea.A. isB. beC. wereD. would be14. John used to get up early,( )?A. used heB. did heC. didn't heD. would be15. Where are you going to have the TV set ( )?A. repairB. repairingC. repairedD. to repair16. Although Mary was very successful in sales, her boss passed her by ( ) a promotion.A. forB. inC. withD. through17. Any boy ( ) wants to succeed must work hard.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that18. My brother is a good businessman, ( ) I am not.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that19. ( ) that the voters approve the funds，we will have a new park in our town.A. GivingB. GivenC. SupposingD. Supposed20. ___ I worked hard at school, I ___ this kind of work now. ( )A. Had... wouldn't have doneB. Had.. wouldn’t be doingC. If... wouldn't doD. If... wouldn't be doingⅡ. 多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, seriesA. a _____ of musiciansB. a___ of lectures22. board, bunch, choir, packet, partyA. a ______ of guestsB. a______ of keys23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall beSome money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for thepicnic.24. seem, seems, me, I, mineYour politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.25. l ess, less of, than, as, likeMr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, likeJohn is as _____ a fool _____ Bill.27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall beA. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.28. have, has, had, will have, shall haveA. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.Ⅲ. 填空题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Fill in the blanks with a question tag:29. Turn on the light,_____________?30. Let’s go to the park this afternoon, _____________?Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given:31. It is recommended that a lawyer _____________(be) present when you begin to negotiate the terms in the contract.32. It is only typical of you. You _____________(always lose) things.33. If you favor _____________(work) on night shift, you may sign up here.34. He felt very _____________(depress) when he heard the story.35. Several strikers who _____________(imprison) for demonstration were set free yesterday.36. Mary negotiates _____________ (skillfully) than her boss.37. We had _____________ (fun) than we did last time.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate preposition:38. He is expected to arrive _____________ Christmas.39. The boys were all lying _____________ the floor.40. When money is _____________ short supply many businesses fail.41. Father doesn't want to let us go, but I know I can get _____________him.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative pronoun:42. He laughs best _____________ laughs last.43. She is married to a man _____________ she believes both makes a lot of money and loves her.44. Dr. Fordham still talks like the man _____________ he was ten years ago.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:45. _____________ he does is often at variance with what he says.46. _____________you go, I go too.Fill in the blanks with an assertive, non-assertive or negative word:47. We have interviewed several applicants, but _____________ is really qualified for the job.48. I've _____________ in all my life seen such a big animal.Ⅳ. 改错题(本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)Correct errors in the following sentences:49. His books are wonderful. I've read any one of them.50. I've got five brothers, and every of them is quite different from the others.51. None of my parents are interested in my idea.52. The old woman had to stop and rest each two or three steps.53. She is too polite person to refuse.54. It was so warm day that I could hardly work.55. How much of job would it be to rebuild the garage?56. Between ourselves, I think she's a bit of fool.Ⅴ. 改写句子(本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required:57. Turn the following statement into a tag question:We all had a wonderful time at the party last night.58. Turn the following sentence into the passive voice:According to them,only two tribes used to speak the ancient language of Aramaic.59. Use modal auxiliary:They were obliged to finance from short-term loans as the debts fell due.60. Use-ed participle as a complement:He felt that his spirit was lifted after hearing the news.61. Combine sentences using subordination:John decided to renew the lease on his New York apartment. He was growing tried of city life.62. Combine sentences using coordination and subordination:New Hampshire does not have a general sales tax. It does not have an income tax either. It is the only state that does not have either tax.63. Combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:She was afraid people would consider he conceited. She was actually not conceited at all.64. Write a counter-factual conditional based on the given facts:You lived far away. That's why we didn’t visit you frequently.65. Use discontinuity:Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children.66. Use fronting:He plunged into the tumultuous water just to show off to the girls.67. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:Check out the weather at your destination. If you do not check out the weather at you destination, things can be very embarrassing.68. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:To guard against lost luggage, buy brightly colored luggage or wrap bags with a belt so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage.69. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:A: John is going to marry Susan once he gets consent from her parents.B: I n that case, John shouldn’t be quarrelling with her parents all the time.Ⅵ. 名词解释(本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分)Define the following terms with examples:70. non-epistemic modal auxiliary71. Define “ellipsis”with two examples.Ⅶ. 简答题(本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分)Answer the following questions with the help of examples:72. List 2 situations in which simple present is used to refer to the past.73. What kind of grammatical functions can the-ed participle perform?(Give at least two kinds)74. Provide examples to illustrate the major types of postponement.。
00831现代英语语法复习资料2
第二部分：教材的学习与使用一．首先，仔细研读教材后面所附录的《高等教育自学考试英语语法自学考试大纲》，做到学习重点、考试要求了然于心。
二．由于教材涉及的术语较多，考试时所有的考题均用英文表述，学员必须熟记这些术语。
可参照书后《课程内容与考核目标》所列出的主要概念中英文对照。
如：词素（morphemes），词缀法(affixation), 修饰性状语(adjunct) ，评注性状语(disjunct)等。
三．对于每个概念，术语，都要做到能用简单的英语解释，最好能用书中的定义进行解释。
语法考试中就有一部分要检查考生对概念的理解及记忆。
如：（1）Morpheme(p4): A morpheme is the minimal distinctive grammatical unit, and is the lowest unit in grammatical hierarchy. Morphemes are actually abstract elements of analysis. What occurs is an orthographic form in writing termed “morph” which realizes the morpheme.(词素是语法的最小区别性单位,即最低一级的语法单位.词素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素.词素是抽象的形式成分，在不同的环境中由若干不同的形素来体现) （2）Mass nouns(p57): Those nouns that can not take plural forms are mass nouns, such as butter, cheese, homework music, etc. (没有复数形式的名词叫物质名词)四．在理解的基础上，熟记教材上的例句。
从以往的试卷分析来看，很多考题就是教材上的原句或略作变动。
例如：在全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题第Ⅱ. 多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)中，几乎所有的题目均能从书中找出：Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, series（P65）A. a _____ of musiciansB. a___ of lectures22. board, bunch, choir, packet, party（P66）A. a ______ of guestsB. a______ of keys23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall be（P344）Some money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for the picnic.24. seem, seems, me, I, mine（P59）Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.25. less, less of, than, as, like（P237）Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, like（P236）John is as _____ a fool _____ Bill.27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall beA. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.28. have, has, had, will have, shall have（P346）A. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.五．每一章后面设计的练习题也非常重要，学员要做到每一题都能够理解，作答正确。
00831英语语法201104
2011年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题（课程代码：00831）一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1. This encyclopedia, which you can buy at any bookstore, will give you ______ you need. ( )A. all the informationB. all of informationC. all the informationsD. all of the informations2. The child ought to have a rest; she ______ the piano for nearly three hours. ( )A. had practicedB. is practicingC. has been practicingD. practices3. Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made in this country if food shortage ______ .A. is to be avoidedB. can be avoidedC. will be avoidedD. has been avoided4. My son's hair is too long; it wants ______. I'll have it ______ tomorrow. ( )A. cutting… doneB. cutting… to be doneC. being cut… doneD. to be cut… to be done5. All the tourists desire that the guide ______ them timely information about the changes in the schedule.A. giveB. gaveC. givesD. can give6. You ______ all the calculations of the students' scores. We have the computer software to do that job.A. needn't have doneB. mustn't have doneC. shouldn't have doneD. couldn't have done7. John is supposed ______ his term paper last. week, but he hasn't finished it yet. ( )A. to hand inB. to be handing inC. to have handed inD. to have been handed in8. You can see this type of ATM ______ in almost every commercial bank. ( )A. usedB. usingC. useD. to be used9.I like playing video games ______ to the music. ( )A. more than to listenB. more than listeningC. than listeningD. rather than to listen10. You can't be ______ cautious in making the decision as it concerns your son's future. ( )A. veryB. ratherC. tooD. so11. China has a larger population than ______ in the world. ( )A. any countryB. any countriesC. any other countryD. all other country12. All the candidates passed the written test ______ the exception of John. ( )A. onB. forC. inD. with13. According to a study on children's behavior, the time ______ the children spend in their one-way relationshipwith television people will affect their relationship with real-life people later in their lives. ( )A. whenB. thatC. in whichD. on which14. At such a critical moment, our company needs a general manager ______ everyone has confidence.A. of whomB. about whomC. in whomD. for whom15. The donor hoped that the little ______ he had done would help the people in the flooded area. ( )A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where16. It has been found that how close parents are to their children ______ a rather strong influence on thedevelopment of the children's character. ( )A. haveB. hasC. havingD. had17. The audience ______ requested to remain seated during the intermission. ( )A. areB. isC. wereD. be18. During extremely hot weather, elephants require both mud and water to keep their skin cool ______ they haveno sweat glands. ( )A. andB. soC. because ofD. due to the fact that19. His score of the final English exam is higher than ______ in his class. ( )A. anyone's elseB. anyone elseC. anyone's else'sD. anyone else's20. He has been staying at home ______ days. ( )A. these all last fewB. these last few allC. all these last fewD. these last all few二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)Section A Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21. feel have, go, will be, are, wasThe black middle class ________________ culturally excluded while the poor _______________ totallyalienated.22. a, the, some, all, each, suchA knife is no good. You need ________________ screwdriver to do ________________ job properly.23. took, was taken, had taken, operated, been operated, operatingHe ________________ to hospital last night and he's already________________ on.24. was, were, be, shall be, will be, has been________________ it necessary that my uncle ________________ informed?25. both, whether, neither, or, nor, but________________ by accident ________________ by design, he arrived too late for the appointment.26. which I bought, what I bought, I bought, which, what, whoThis is the only book ________________ ________________ challenges this common belief.27. which, what, that, is, are, was________________ I need for the spring cleaning ________________ a pair of rubber gloves, some detergent andseveral plastic bags to hold the garbage.28. a, one, some, any, other, anotherThe New York Times is neither ________________ thing nor the ________________ It's not really a citynewspaper and it's not really a national newspaper either.Section B Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary.(共20小题，每小题1分，共20分29. She has coffee with sugar, __________(she)?30. __________ (not let's) go out until after the rain.31. Your politics __________ (seem) to be at variance with mine.32. All __________ (England) was excited at the victory in the battle fields.33. I'll go in Frank's car and you can go in __________ (Alan).34. We __________ (finish) the job by the time you come back.35. What are you talking about? You __________ (disturb) the class.36. They __________ (negotiate) for three hours now and neither party seems to be willing to compromise.37. You want to spend so much money on it? If I were you, I __________ (not do) that.38. You __________ (not carry) the parcel home. The shop would have delivered it if you had asked.39. I don't know __________ (ask) the question or not.40. He appeared well __________ (prepare) for the TV debate.41. The more friends you have, __________ (little time) you'll have to see them.42. __________ (long) I can stay is three hours.43. A good teacher must be neither too strict nor too weak; his manner must __________ (lie) these two.44. Time lost through illness __________ (amount) 50 working days last year.45. The picking of the fruit, __________ (which) work they receive no money, takes about a week.46. Ten percent of the teachers __________ (not have) the necessary certificate.47. - Have you met our German neighbours?-Are they __________ (one) who moved here recently?48. - Is he the fight person for the job?- I __________ (not believe).三、改错题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. Linguistics is a scientific study of the language.50. I'm sorry I don't know when he comes. I'll tell you about it as soon as he comes.51. Can the ship get seen on the horizon?52. May there be life on Mars?53. Having missed the final examination, the teacher gave me a failing grade.54. Take it easy. You know the effect of the drug will wear off four hours later.55. It is a fact that I almost drowned makes me very careful about water safety whenever I go.56. When a pearl is cut in half and examined under a microscope, but its layers can be seen.57. He denied seeing the murder suspect, that turned out to be true.58. Late the son has been staying out lately.59. No sooner he had asked the question than the answer came to him.60. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.— So had she and so did I.四、改写句子(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Using an intensifier:No one on the committee supported my plan.62. Using a question tag:Everybody knows what he has to do.63. Using a proper modal auxiliary:It is possible that the chair will accept your proposal if you put it in the right way. 64. Using a non-finite form:She stood up so that she could be seen better.65. Using a relative clause:My boss is an incredibly boring person. His predecessor was not a boring person at all.66. Using a disjunct:It is natural that she will take after her mother.67. Using an adjunct:He ran away. He is afraid to be seen.68. Using a relative clause:This is the only one of the many houses here. This was destroyed by the earthquake.69. Using passive voice:I don't mind you criticizing me.70. Using extraposition:You will feel listening to him talk boring.71. Using discontinuity:He is the only student who applies for financial aid in this school.72. Using an appropriate cohesive device:I learned to speak English early in life. I had to learn English early in life.五、简答题(本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分Answer the following questions.73. If tense is related to time, what is aspect related to?74. Explain the three principles of concord with examples.2011年4月英语语法试题参考答案课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1.A2.C 3 .A 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.B18.D 19.D 20.C二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)Section A Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21.feel,are 22.a,the 23.was taken,been operated24.was,be 25.whether,or 26.I bought,which27.What,are 28.one,otherSection B Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary.(共20小题，每小题1分，共20分29.doesn’t she 30.Don’t let’s/Let’s not 31.seem32.England 33.Alan’s 34.will have finished35.are disturbing 36.have been negotiating 37.wouldn’t do38.needn’t have carried 39.whether to ask 40.prepared41.the less time 42.The longest 43.lie between44.amounted to 45.for which 46.do not have47.the ones 48.don’t believe so三、改错题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分49.改: Linguistics is a scientific study of language.50.改: I’m sorry I don’t know when he will come.I’ll tell you about it as soon as he comes.51.改: Can the ship be seem on the horizon?52.改: Can there be life on Mars?53.改: Because I(had) missed the final exanination .the teacher gave me a falling grade.54.改: Take it easy.You know the effect of the drug will wear off in four hours.55.改: The fact that I almost drowned makes me very careful about water safety whenever I go .56.改: When a prarl is cut in half and examined under a microscope,its layers can be seen.57.改: He denied seening the murder suspect,which turned out to be true.58.改:Lately the son has been staying out late.59.改:No sooner had he asked the question than the answer came to him.60.改:-Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.-So she had and so did I四、改写句子(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Not a single one on the committee supported my plan.62. Everybody knows what he has to do, doesn’t he / don’t they?63. The chair will accept your proposal if you put it in the right way.64.She stood up to be seen better.65. My boss is an incredibly boring person , which his predecessor was not at all.66. Naturally , she will take after her mother.67. He ran away for the fear to be seen.68. This is the only one of the many houses here which was destroyed by the earthquake.69. I don’t mind being criticized.70. You will feel boring listening to him talking.71. He is the only student who applies for financial aid .72.I learn to speak English early in life, I had to.五、简答题(本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分Answer the following questions.73. If tense is related to time, what is aspect related to?Tense is related to time.It is the verb form denoting the time when the action or the state takes place.For example ,“do”is a verb form telling of the present time when the action takes place.However“did”is a different verb form because it tells of the past time when the action took place.Aspect,like tense is a verb form denoting the state of the action at present time or in the past time.For example: “doing”indicates that the action is /was not completed,while “done”indicates that the action is /was completed.74. Explain the three principles of concord with examples.There are three complementary principles of concord are the grammatical principle, the notional principle and the principle of proximity.For example:Everybody is happy with the decision.The audience were brought to their feet at the sight of Superman in his wheelchair.Either you or I am responsible for the mistake.In the first sentence IS is used to agree with singular subject Everybody.so grammatical principle is followed.In the second sentence WERE is used because the subject AUDIENCE is plural in meaning,so notional principle is followed.In the last sentence AM is used because the subject close to it is I,so the last principle is followed.。
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第二部分：教材的学习与使用一．首先，仔细研读教材后面所附录的《高等教育自学考试英语语法自学考试大纲》，做到学习重点、考试要求了然于心。
二．由于教材涉及的术语较多，考试时所有的考题均用英文表述，学员必须熟记这些术语。
可参照书后《课程内容与考核目标》所列出的主要概念中英文对照。
如：词素（morphemes），词缀法(affixation), 修饰性状语(adjunct) ，评注性状语(disjunct)等。
三．对于每个概念，术语，都要做到能用简单的英语解释，最好能用书中的定义进行解释。
语法考试中就有一部分要检查考生对概念的理解及记忆。
如：（1）Morpheme(p4): A morpheme is the minimal distinctive grammatical unit, and is the lowest unit in grammatical hierarchy. Morphemes are actually abstract elements of analysis. What occurs is an orthographic form in writing termed “morph” which realizes the morpheme.(词素是语法的最小区别性单位,即最低一级的语法单位.词素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素.词素是抽象的形式成分，在不同的环境中由若干不同的形素来体现) （2）Mass nouns(p57): Those nouns that can not take plural forms are mass nouns, such as butter, cheese, homework music, etc. (没有复数形式的名词叫物质名词)四．在理解的基础上，熟记教材上的例句。
从以往的试卷分析来看，很多考题就是教材上的原句或略作变动。
例如：在全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题第Ⅱ. 多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)中，几乎所有的题目均能从书中找出：Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, series（P65）A. a _____ of musiciansB. a___ of lectures22. board, bunch, choir, packet, party（P66）A. a ______ of guestsB. a______ of keys23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall be（P344）Some money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for the picnic.24. seem, seems, me, I, mine（P59）Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.25. less, less of, than, as, like（P237）Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, like（P236）John is as _____ a fool _____ Bill.27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall beA. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.28. have, has, had, will have, shall have（P346）A. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.五．每一章后面设计的练习题也非常重要，学员要做到每一题都能够理解，作答正确。
许多题目被用作以往的考题，将来的试卷同样会从中选择不少题目。
六．勤于动手，加强实践。
该教程共分十六章，学习时可以把每一章节的重点概念摘录出来，把重点例句归纳出来，供自己复习巩固。
只有这样，才能让自己掌握好各章节的精华。
我们不主张大家去找别的语法练习来训练，因为采取不同的语法体系编辑的练习题有可能差距很大。
教材上的例句及练习题稍作变动就可以产生无数的新语法题，足以让同学得到充分地训练。
七．善于请教，多方求索。
学员对自己学习过程中弄不清楚的问题，可以与别的学员共同商讨，或请教老师。
互联网也是一种很好的助学手段，但不要在那上面花太多的精力，因为那里的东西庞杂而良莠不齐。
只要通过‘’或‘’，输入你想搜寻的内容的关键词, 如：‘自考语法’；‘语法考试’等，它们就会为你提供大量的网站或网页供你登陆或浏览。
八．学会归纳、总结。
学习任何东西都应该多动脑筋。
死记硬背得来的东西往往遗忘也很快，理解基础上熟记的东西才能长时间为主人服务。
为什么“A book is on the desk..”不对而“ On the desk is a book.”正确；为什么“There is a bus over there.”是存在句，“There comes the bus”是倒装句；什么情况下‘family’之后的动词用复数，什么情况下‘family’之后的动词用单数。
这些只有在理解的基础上，通过归纳总结才能真正牢记住。
第三部分：教材的重点与难点归纳Chapter 1 The Structure of the English Sentence(第一章绪论)一、难点、重点1.Present the grammatical units that form a hierarchical order.(指出构成层次结构的语法单位.)Answer: The grammatical units that form a hierarchical order are explained and shown as follows:Higher | A sentence consists of one or more clauses| A clause consists of one or more phrases| A phrase consists of one or more wordsLower | A wordFrom the macro-grammatical point of view, we can come to a hierarchical structure as:Higher | A text consists of one or more sentences| A sentence consists of one or more clauses| A clause consists of one or more phrases| A phrase consists of one or more words| A word consists of one or more morphemesLower | A morpheme英语句子的结构层次是：分句(clauses)、词组(phrases)、单词(words)，图示如下：高级层次句子(由一个或多个分句组成)分句(由一个或多个词组组成)词组(由一个或多个词组成)低级层次词图1.1语法单位的层次(Leech等，1982：27)如果从语义的角度来考虑，单词以下还可再分为词素(morphemes)；句子以上还有更大的语言单位，即把句子按一定逻辑规则组织起来的语篇。
所以，从超语法的角度来看，语法层次结构可以如下图所示：高级层次语篇(由广个或多个句子组成)句子(由一个或多个分句组成)分句(由一个或多个扣组组成)词组(由一个或多个词组成)词(由一个或多个词素组成)低级层次词素图1.2 扩大的语法层次结构图2． Morphemes词素 (Terms: morpheme, morph, allomorph, free morpheme and bound morpheme)（注：此部分内容的学习可以借鉴‘词汇学’的相关内容，然而必须注意两门课程描述的不同点。
）什么是词素(morpheme)?词素是语法的最小区别性单位，即最低一级的语法单位。
词素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素(morph)。
词素是一种抽象形式的成分，在不同的环境中一个词素可以由若干个不同的形素体现，如英语中的复数词素可以表现为／s，z，iz／。
某一词素在不同的环境中可以用不同的变体或词素变体(allomorph)表示。
所谓词素变体是指词素的非区别性变体，几个不同的变体一起构成一个词素。
词素又分为自由词素和粘附词素。
自由词素(free morpheme)是指本身具有完整意义，可以独立使用的词素。
它可以是简单的单词，如boy，girl，do，so等，也可以是派生词的词根，如im-polite，self-ish等。
自由词素具有较强的构词能力。
粘附词素 (bound morpheme)是指没有完整意义不能独立使用的词素。
粘附词素只表示一种附加意义或语法意义，这种词素不能单独存在和使用，只有粘附在其他词素(主要是自由词素)上才能表示出它的意义。
粘附词素的主要功能是在构词中充当词缀，如unfriendliness中的un-，-ly，-ness等。
3.Finite clauses and infinite clauses (限定性分句与非限定性分句,定义参见下面的简答题部分)注意这里分句的概念与传统语法的区别，特别是非限定性分句。
Finite Clauses(1)名词性分句What he said was incredible.(2)关系分句This is one of the best books I’ve ever read. (3)状语分句If I were in your shoes, I wouldn’t quit.Non-finite clauses：(1) 非限定性名词性分句：She didn’t know what to say．(2)非限定性关系分句：The man standing by the window is her brother.(3) 非限定性状语分句：Published ten years ago，this is still the best dictionary．二、重要概念1.morpheme (参见第一部分测试题)2.parsing：Breaking a sentence into smaller components for analysis and then grouping them into various classes in a systematic way.把一个句子中的各种词按语法范畴给出名称一如主语、宾语、动词、性、数、格等一叫做句子成分分析(parsing)。