电力专业术语英汉对照表

电力专业术语英汉对照表 This manuscript was revised on November 28, 2020

突然损失发电机或线路：sudden loss of a generator or transmission line. 负荷突然增加或减少：sudden load increases or decreases

短路和开关操作：short circuits and switching operations.

三相和对地短路：three-phase and line-to-ground faults

短路器：circuit breaker

暂态过电压和电流：transient overvoltages and currents

雷击：lightning strikes

电涌放电器：surge arrester

相量：phasor，通常用复数phasors

瞬时功率：instantaneous power

特别地：In particular,

正弦电压或电流：A sinusoidal voltage or current at constant frequency

最大值：maximum value

有效值：effective value

平均值：average value

坐标系实轴：real axis

坐标系虚轴：imaginary axis

相量图：phasor diagram for …

无源元件：passive elements

电阻、电感、电容、电抗：resistor, inductor, and capacitor, reactance,

感性、容性：inductive, capacitive

有功功率：real power or active power

无功功率：reactive power

功率因数：power factor

功率因数角：power factor angle

A single-phase source delivers 100kW to a load operating at a power factor of 0.8 lagging.

物理意义：The physical significance of …

…与…同相位：…be in phase with…

Example：For a purely resistive load, the current into the load is in phase with the load voltage.

如式（2.1）所示：As indicated by (2.1), …

…落后(超前)…多少相位：The current lags（leads） the voltage by 90.

正弦稳态：sinusoidal-steady-state

让a＝b，得到：Letting a=b gives

按照惯例（通常）：By convention, the power factor cos(a-b) is positive.

时间区间：a time interval T. Example: The total energy absorbed by a load during a time interval T.

额定值：rating. 例：额定功率－power rating；发电机额定功率－power rating of electric generator；额定电压：voltage rating.

基尔霍夫电流（电压）方程：Kirchhoff’s current(voltage) law。（P.48）

节点方程：nodal equations

导纳矩阵：admittance matrix

有N个节点电压构成的列相量：column vector of N bus voltages

对角元素：diagonal elements

非对角元：off-diagonal elements

自导纳：self-admittance; driving-point admittance

互导纳：mutual admittance; transfer admittance

美国8.14大停电：The US blackout on 14 August, 2003

…对…将产生深远影响：The blackout will have huge technical and organizational consequences for the US power industry.

当地仅存的无功电源无法维持电压：The existing local reactive power sources were not able to support the voltages.

切除线路：trip(tripped) the lines.

The isolated part suffered from low voltage and a severe deficit of generation.

电力系统稳定是指…：Power system stability refers to the ability of synchronous machines to move from one steady-state operating point following a disturbance to another steady-state operating point, without losing synchronism.

额定值：nominal values

故障类型：loss of generation, line-switching operations, faults, sudden load changes

EMS=Energy Management System

能量管理系统

DMS=Distribution Management System

配电网络管理系统

SCADA=Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition 监管控制与数据采集（调度自动化系统）

AGC=Automatic Generation Control

自动发电控制

LFC=Load Frequency Control

负荷频率控制