后接-ing的动词

Lesson Three

Revision of verbs followed by -ing

(后接-ing的动词)

Part One Preview

动词的-ing形式的语态

动词的-ing形式有主动和被动两种形式，主动式通常表示它的逻辑主语是其动作的执行者；被动式通常表示逻辑主语是动作的承受者时。

①主动语态

Walking in the street yesterday afternoon, he came across Mr. Smith.

昨天他在大街上散步时遇到了史密斯先生。

His often coming late made his boss very angry.

他经常迟到使他的老板很恼火。

②被动语态

动词的-ing形式的被动语态分为一般式和完成式两种。

一般式(being done)表示一个被动动作正在进行，或与谓语动词的动作同时发生；

完成式(having been done)表示一个被动动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

I noticed the boy being beaten by his mother.我注意到那男孩挨他母亲的打。

Having been cheated many times, she now believes in nobody. 由于多次受骗，所以她现在对任何人都不信任。

③-动词的-ing形式主动式表被动含义

a.在形容词worth之后的动名词，用主动形式表达被动含义。

---What do you think of the book? 你认为这本书怎么样？

---Oh, excellent. It’s worth reading a second time.

奥，很好。值得再读一次。

The film is well worth reading.这部电影很值得看。

b. 在动词want, need, require后跟动名词的主动形式表达被动含义，当然这几个动词也可以跟不定式的被动形式去表达此意。二者无任何区别。

This sentence needs improving.= This sentence needs to be improved.

这个句子需要改。

The room requires cleaning. =The room requires to be cleaned.

房间需要打扫了。

My hair wants cutting. = My hair wants to be cut.我的头发需要理了。

动词的-ing形式的句法功能

（1）动词的-ing形式作主语

Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.散步是一种老幼皆宜的锻炼形式。Writing headlines in English is not an easy job.用英语写标题不是一件容易的工作。

动词的-ing形式作主语时，为了平衡句子结构，也可用it作形式主语而把动名词置后。在use, good, pity, bore, time, fun, hard, funny, nice, odd, worth, difficult, worthwhile, interesting, tir ing, better, enjoyable, pointless, crazy, terrible等名词或形容词作表语时，可用it作形式主语，把作主语的-ing形式倒置。

It's more difficult writing headlines in English than in Chinese.

用英代比用汉语写标题更难。

It is important controlling costs at a newspaper.

控制报纸的费用是重要的。

It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。

注意：

there is no + 动名词为常见的结构，相当于It is impossible to do sth.

There is no getting along with him.简直无法和他相处。

There is no persuading her.无法劝说他。

（2）动词的-ing形式作宾语

①作动词宾语

We enjoy swimming very much because it is good to our health.我们非常喜欢游泳，因为游泳对身体有好处。

只跟动词的-ing作宾语的动词有：admit（承认）,advise(见一)， appreciate（感谢）,avoid（避免），consider（考虑），delay（推迟），deny (否认)，dislike （不喜欢），enjoy（喜爱），escape （逃脱），excuse(原谅)，fancy(想象)，finish（完成），forgive(原谅，宽恕), imagine（想象），keep (on)（保持），mind（介意），miss（错过），practise（练习），risk(冒险)，suggest（建议），give up（放弃），can't help（禁不住），cannot stand（不能容忍）等。

②作介词宾语。

He studied ways of keeping seeds.他研究了种子的保存方法。

She was very interested in working for our company.她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。 I do not feel like going to work today.今天我不想去上班。

She looks forward every spring to walking in the flower-lined garden. 每年春天她盼望着在鲜花郁郁的公园里散步。

（3）动词的-ing形式作表语

①说明主语的内容，表语和主语可以互换位置，相当于不定式。

Our duty is teaching the students. =Teaching the students is our duty.=Our duty is to teach the st udents. 我们的任务是教学生。

②说明主语的性质或特征。

The music is exciting. 这首音乐令人兴奋。

（4）动词的-ing形式作定语

①动词的-ing形式作定语说明所修饰中心词的用途，表示“供作……之用”(used for)的意思。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.