动词后面加ing的动词
动词后加-ing的规则
动词后加-ing的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing,breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或glueing,cue—cuing或cueing,blue—blueing或bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running,stop—stopping,hop—hopping,plan—planning,star—starring,control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
英语动词后加ing的规则
英语动词后加i n g的规则集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-英语动词后加-ing的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词,一般应去掉e再加ing(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving, produce—producing, breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing, dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing, blue—blueing或 bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:r un—ru nn ing, st op—sto pp ing, h op—ho pp ing, plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
动词后加ing的规则
动词后加i n g的规则文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]动词后加-i n g的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting 2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving, produce—producing, breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe —hoeing, dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing, blue—blueing或bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running, stop—stopping, hop—hopping, plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
动词后面加ing的动词
用法归纳:有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。
如allow, permit(允许), consider(考虑), suggest, advice(建议), suggest, advice(反复; 不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise(练习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report(报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), can’t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)等。
高中阶段能接-ing分次作宾语的常见动词:mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏,), admit(承认), appreciate (感激,欣赏), avoid(避免), delay(推迟), dislike(不喜欢,厌恶), escape(逃脱), finish(完成), forgive(宽恕), imagine(想象), keep (保持), miss(错过), practise(训练), resist(抵抗,抵制), risk (冒险), deny(拒绝,否认), consider(考虑)等。
高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语,后接-ing分词或名词。
如:admit to(承认), contribute to(捐助、贡献), get down to(着手做), give way to(让位于),keep to (坚持、遵守), lead to (导致),look forward to(期待), take to(从事), turn to (求助于), stick to (忠于、坚持), point to(指向、表明), see to (注意、处理), be used to (习惯于), devote oneself to (献身于), be equal to (胜任的、等于), be familiar to (为……熟悉).有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing分词,含义有所不同:①forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作。
动词后加-ing的规则【全】
lesson 31
重点:动词的时态
时态:在英语语言中,同一个谓语动词在不同的句子中,发生的时间不一致的时候,必须用这个动词的不同形态。这种因为动词时间不同而形态不同的语法现象叫时态。
现在进行时
1. 概念:1)表示此时此刻正在发生;2)一段时间内有间隔的在发生。
write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving, produce—producing, breathe—breathing
(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:
2.闭音节:单词最后是以辅音字母结尾。
重读闭音节是指:这个动词是重读音节,同时单词的最后也是以辅音字母结尾的闭音节。
She’s sitting under the tree. 她正在树下坐着。(现在进行时)
what about the dog? what about :省略说法,”What is the dog doing?”
die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying
(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:
see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing, dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing
重读闭音节 :
音节:1. 单音节:音标中含有一个元音;(单音节全是省略了重读符号的重音节)
2. 双音节:音标中含有二个元音;(会有重读符号标在某个需重读的音节前)
3. 多音节:音标中含有三个或三个以上的元音音标。(会有重读符号标在某个需重读的音节前)
动词后加-ing的规则
动词后加-ing的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing, breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing, dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing (4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing,blue—blueing或 bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running, stop—stopping, hop—hopping,plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling 或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
动词后加ing的规则
动词后加-i n g的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing,breathe—breathing以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
4.若动词以一元音加一半元音(y或w)结尾,可直接加-ing:pay—paying,throw—throwing,follow—following,draw—drawing,employ —employing5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:frolic—frolicking,panic—panicking,mimic—mimicking,picnic—picnicking,traffic—trafficking这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保留/k/这个音。
若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母c的发音就不再是/k/,而是/s/:lesson31重点:动词的时态时态:在英语语言中,同一个谓语动词在不同的句子中,发生的时间不一致的时候,必须用这个动词的不同形态。
这种因为动词时间不同而形态不同的语法现象叫时态。
现在进行时1.概念:1)表示此时此刻正在发生;2)一段时间内有间隔的在发生。
2.谓语构成:be动词+动词的现在分词(动词的ing形式)动词的现在分词(动词的ing形式)的构成规则:1.直接加ing如:workworking。
动词后加ing
动词后加-ing的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing,breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或glueing,cue—cuing或cueing,blue—blueing或bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running,stop—stopping,hop—hopping,plan—planning,star—starring,control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
动词后加ing规则
动词后加- ing 的规则1 •英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough— coughing , climb —climbing ,stand —standing ,fight —fighting2.以 -e 结尾的动词(1 )如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的 -e 结尾,一般应去掉 e 再加 ing :write —writing , hope—hoping, care — cari ng , stare —staring ,plane —planing , have—having , save — sav i n g , produce —producing , breathe —breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing :die —dying , tie —tying , vie —vying , lie —lying(3)以 -ee,-oe,-ye 结尾的动词加 -ing 时应保留词尾 e:see—seeing , flee —fleeing , free —freeing , agree—agreeing ,hoe—hoeing, dye—dyeing, eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing :sue—suing , imbue—imbuing , construe —construing , pursue—pursuing , rue—ruing有时,词尾 e 可去掉也可保留:glue —gluing 或 glueing , cue—cuing 或 cueing , blue —blueing 或bluing ,true —truing 或 trueing , clue —clueing 或 cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词( 1 )如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running , stop —stopping ,hop—hopping , plan—planning ,star — starring , control — controlling 但辅音 x 是个例外,无需重复(x 其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax — taxing ,relax —relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复: kidnap —kidnapping 或 kidnaping ,program— programming 或 programing (3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复: open—opening ,offer —offering ,audit —auditing 但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship —worshiping 或 worshipping ,focus — focusing 或 focussing ,cancel — canceling 或 cancelling ,travel — traveling 或 travelling以非重读的 -el 结尾的动词加 -ing 时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾 l ,而美国英语则习惯于不重复 1。
动词后加ing的规则
动词后加i n g的规则 This model paper was revised by LINDA on December 15, 2012.动词后加-ing的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving, produce—producing, breathe—breathing (2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing, blue—blueing或 bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running, stop—stopping, hop—hopping, plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或 focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
动词后加ing规则
动词后加i n g规则Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】动词后加-i n g的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing,breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或glueing,cue—cuing或cueing,blue—blueing或bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running,stop—stopping,hop—hopping,plan—planning,star—starring,control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing (3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
动词后加-ing的规则
动词后加-ing的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing, breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing, dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing (4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing,blue—blueing或 bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running, stop—stopping, hop—hopping,plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling 或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
英语动词加ing
动词后加-ing的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,have—having,save—saving,produce—producing,breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或glueing,cue—cuing或cueing,blue—blueing或bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running,stop—stopping,hop—hopping,plan—planning,star—starring,control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或worshipping,focus—focusing或focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
动词后加ing规则
动词后加-ing的规则1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting2.以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving, produce—producing,breathe—breathing(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing, blue—blueing或 bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run—running,stop—stopping,hop—hopping,plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或 focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。
动词后加ing的规则
动词后加-ing 的规则1.英语动词加-ing ,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing 构成:cough —coughing ,climb —climbing ,stand —standing ,fight —fighting2.以-e 结尾的动词(1 )如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing :write —writing ,hope—hoping ,care —caring ,stare —staring ,plane —planing ,have —having ,save—saving ,produce —produci n g ,breathe —breathi n g(2)以-ie 结尾的动词应先将 e 去掉,将i 变成y 然后再加-ing :die —dying ,tie —tying ,vie —vying ,lie —lying(3)以-ee ,-oe,-ye 结尾的动词加-ing 时应保留词尾e:see—seeing ,flee —fleeing ,free —freeing ,agree —agreeing ,hoe—hoeing ,dye —dyeing ,eye—eyeing(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing :sue—suing ,imbue—imbuing ,construe —construing ,pursue —pursuing ,rue —ruing有时,词尾 e 可去掉也可保留:glue —gluing 或glueing ,cue—cuing 或cueing ,blue —blueing 或bluing ,true —truing 或trueing ,clue —clueing 或cluing3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词( 1 )如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:run —running ,stop —stoppi n g ,hop —hopping ,plan —planning ,star —starring ,control —controlling 但辅音x 是个例外,无需重复( x 其实起着两个辅音的作用) :tax —taxing ,relax —relaxing( 2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap —kidnapping 或kidnaping ,program —programming 或programing( 3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening ,offer —offering ,audit —auditing 但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship —worshiping 或worshipping ,focus —focusing 或focussing ,cancel —canceling 或cancelling ,travel —traveling 或travelling以非重读的-el 结尾的动词加-ing 时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l ,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1 。
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用法归纳:有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。
如allow, permit(允许), consider(考虑), suggest, advice(建议), suggest, advice(反复; 不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise(练习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report(报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), can’t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)等。
高中阶段能接-ing分次作宾语的常见动词:
mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏,), admit(承认), appreciate(感激,欣赏), avoid(避免), delay(推迟), dislike(不喜欢,厌恶), escape(逃脱), finish(完成), forgive(宽恕), imagine(想象), keep(保持), miss(错过), practise(训练), resist(抵抗,抵制), risk(冒险), deny(拒绝,否认), consider(考虑)等。
高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语,后接-ing分词或名词。
如:
admit to(承认), contribute to(捐助、贡献), get down to(着手做), give way to(让位于),keep to (坚持、遵守), lead to (导致),look forward to(期待), take to(从事), turn to (求助于), stick to(忠于、坚持), point to(指向、表明), see to (注意、处理), be used to (习惯于), devote oneself to (献身于), be equal to (胜任的、等于), be familiar to (为……熟悉).
有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing分词,含义有所不同:
①forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作。
如:
Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗?Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。
②动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接分词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同。
如:
I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事。
Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗?
I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这班车就意味着再
等一个小时。
Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.
做完练习以后,我们继续学习下一单元的单词。
After a short rest, they went on working. 短暂地休息以后,他们又继续工作。
He stopped talking when the bell rang. 铃响的时候,他停止了讲话。
While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. 工作的时候,他不
时地停下来和汤姆谈话。
注意:有时人们把stop后的动词不定式理解为目的状语。
③动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语,不可以接
动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补语。
如:
Please permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话。
We don’t permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。
④动词need, require, want作“需要”解时,后面接-ing分词或不定式的被动式。
如:
The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫。
These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.
这些小孩需要细心地照料。
⑤动词like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing分词;如指
特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式。
如:
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳,但我
不喜欢和你一起游泳。
I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去学校。
I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里。
⑥动词begin, start后面,如表示有意识地开始做某事,常用-ing分词,否
则用不定式更多一些。
如:
We began to do that job last year. 我们去年开始做那工作的。
They started talking about the film at once. 他们立刻开始谈论那部电影。
注:下面几种情况多用不定式作宾语:
a. 当start, begin本身用于进行时态时。
When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents.
老师走进教室的时候,他正开始写信给他的父母亲。
b. 当start, begin后接表示心理活动的动词时。
Hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem.
一听到消息,他就开始考虑一个好办法来解决这个问题。
c. 当句子的主语是无生命的东西时。
We were about to leave when it began to rain. 我们正准备离开,天开始下雨了。