高考英语总复习非谓语动词讲义以及练习题

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1.什么是非谓语动词?谓语的形式?

非谓语动词,简单理解就是动词改变形式以后,不做谓语,而是去做除了谓语以外的其他句子成分。

(时态语态形式的动词全都是谓语,而非谓语和时态语态比较像,注意不要混淆)

简单来说,非谓语动词有三种基本形式,记住三种基本形式以后我们去记变形的形式。

2.什么时候使用非谓语动词?

非谓语动词,在同一个句子中有了谓语动词时,我们还需要用到动词,这时我们有三个解决办法:(1)插入从句;(2)并列句;(3)用非谓语。

下边这三句话我们判断,哪一个需要用非谓语形式?

(1)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which _____(use) it differently.

(2)He had plenty of money and he __________(spend) it freely.

(3)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ____(use) the sun and the stars.

是第(3)句需要用非谓语形式。第一句是从句,第二句是并列句,这两句都需要用谓语动词。

(注意与时态语态区分) To be honest, no speech _______so far has had the same effect on me as this one.

A. has been made

B. being made

C. made

D. to be made

答案:C. 这道题我们先要判断用谓语动词还是非谓语动词:由于句中有谓语动词,而且不存在从句和并列句,因此选择非谓语动词。那究竟怎么选择非谓语动词的形式呢,它们又有哪些形式,我们往下看。

3.非谓语动词的基本形式与使用规则

做题总依据:to do表目的、表将来,doing表主动、表正在进行,done表被动、表完成。

例题1. –Why are they pulling down the houses? --______ a new parking lot.

A. Build

B.To build

C. Building

D. Built

答案:C. to do表示目的:为了建造停车场。

例题2.______ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.

A. Being raised

B.Raising

C.Raised

D. To raise

答案:C. 被动和完成的含义:他过去被抚养在格拉斯哥最穷的地区。

例题3. Clearly and thoughtfully_____, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

A. writing

B.to write

C. written

D. being written 答案:C. 被动和完成的含义:书已经被写完了。

练习题(1). When the clerk saw a kind face in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground,______ whether to stay or leave.

A. wondering

B.wonder

C. to wonder

D. wondered

练习题(2). There are still many problems______before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.

A. solving

B.solved

C. being solved

D. to be solved

4.逻辑主语的重要性以及怎么找到逻辑主语?

逻辑主语就是非谓语动词的动作的主语是谁?为什么说找到逻辑主语很重要,我们回顾刚才的例题3.

Clearly and thoughtfully_____, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

A. writing

B.to write

C. written

D. being written 这道题逻辑主语是书,但是如果把逻辑主语看成人,那么选就应该选A,而不是正确答案C. 很多同学都错在找不到逻辑主语上了。

逻辑主语寻找方法:在非谓语所在句中先往前寻找主语,如果有名词/代词,那么非谓语动词前边的名词/代词就是逻辑主语,此时注意往前找的时候需要是同一句里的名词或者代词,名词/代词与非谓语之间不允许有逗号隔开,否则就不是逻辑主语了。

如果往前没有名词或者代词,那么主句主句就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

5.三种非谓语基本形式的变形:

简单来记:

be被动变形: to be done表示:为了被……;将要被……

being done表示:正在被……; 只表示被动。注意和done区别开

(注意:to be doing 表示动作主动正在进行: They pretend to be working when the boss came in.)

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