英美国家概况 英国篇
英美概况考试重点复习材料(英国部分)
英美概况考试重点复习材料〔英国部分〕Chapter 1第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称与其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠与北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛〔较大的一个〕和爱尔兰岛，与成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英美国家概况之英国
4. What is the organization G7? Is the U.K. its member? It is a member of the Group of Seven ( the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Japan, Italy and Canada)
international financial centers in the world (another two are New York and Hong Kong ) 6) long-standing historical role in the UK
England
• Population: 51 Million • Language: English • People: Anglo-Saxons, Scots, Welsh, Irish, West Indians,
3. Racial, gender, class, regional and economic differences in the society
1) a multi-racial society: most are Christians and because of immigration, many are Muslims; 2) gender difference: male and female live different lives 3) class difference: the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar worker’s lives are very different from a blue-collar worker’s.) * Economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries: 1) difference between highland and lowland Scots 2) difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthy than the north)
英美国家概况(英国部分Unit5)
Statue of Justice
What are the sources of law?
The law of the United Kingdom consists of several independent legal systems, which use common law principles, civil law principles, or both. England and Wales as well as Northern Ireland use the common law system, while Scotland uses a hybrid system, which combines elements from the common law and the civil law system.
Magna Carta
Law in English and Welsh
The three main sources of English and Welsh law are the statute law, common law and European Union law. (1) Statutes, namely, formal written laws that are passed by the Westminster or Scottish Parliaments, are the ultimate source of British law, which shows the influence of the state in citizens’ lives. (2) Common law is another major source of law, developed over the centuries through court decisions in previous legal cases, called precedents. It has evolved as it incorporates legal decisions made in specific cases, and it remains the basis of British law except when superseded by legislation. (3) European Union law became
英美国家概况(英国部分)Unit 1 Geograpgy
River 泰晤士河 • The largest lake in Britain: Lough
Neagh: /lɒx neɪ/ Lake 内伊湖 • Most famous universities: Oxford University;
Great Britain
Great Britain has an area of 229,850 km² (88,745 sq. mi.) and is the largest island of the British Isles. Great Britain, lying off the western coast of Europe, comprises the main territory of the United Kingdom. Great Britain is the official name given to the two kingdoms of England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales.
Think about these questions before we start:
➢ 1.What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?
➢2.What is the geographical position of Britain?
➢3. What is the distribution of Britain’s population?
英美国家概况作文
英美国家概况作文一、英国概况。
英国，那可是个充满了各种奇妙元素的国家呢。
它的天气就像个调皮的孩子，说变就变。
早上出门的时候可能还是阳光明媚，等你走到半路，说不定就乌云密布，下起淅淅沥沥的小雨了。
这也难怪英国人出门总是带着伞，那可是他们应对多变天气的“魔法武器”。
说到英国的建筑，那可真是一大看点。
那些古老的城堡就像从童话故事里走出来的一样。
像爱丁堡城堡，高高地矗立在山上，远远望去，既雄伟又神秘。
城堡里的石头似乎都在诉说着过去的故事，有战争的热血，也有贵族们的传奇。
还有伦敦的大本钟，那是伦敦的标志性建筑。
每当整点的时候，大本钟就会“当当当”地敲响，那声音在伦敦的上空回荡，仿佛是在提醒人们时间的脚步。
英国人的性格也很有趣。
他们大多都很绅士和淑女，礼貌用语那是不离口。
“Please”“Thank you”“Excuse me”就像他们的口头禅一样。
不过呢，他们也有那种含蓄到让人捉摸不透的时候。
有时候你和一个英国人聊天，你觉得他说的是一回事，可实际上他可能有另一层意思。
这就像一场微妙的文字游戏，需要你好好琢磨。
在饮食方面，英国传统食物可不像法国菜或者意大利菜那么花哨。
炸鱼和薯条可是英国的国民美食。
简单的炸鱼，外酥里嫩，再配上一大份薯条，虽然看起来没那么精致，但吃起来却别有一番风味。
不过可别吃太多，毕竟这是高热量的食物。
而且英国的下午茶那也是相当有名。
精致的点心，搭配着香浓的茶，在一个悠闲的午后，坐在花园或者温馨的茶室里慢慢品尝，这可真是一种享受。
二、美国概况。
美国就像是一个超级大的大熔炉，各种文化在这里碰撞融合。
从东海岸到西海岸，那是一片广袤而充满活力的土地。
美国的城市各具特色。
纽约就像一个永不眠的巨人，高楼大厦林立，时代广场上的大屏幕闪烁着各种广告和灯光秀，让人眼花缭乱。
华尔街则是金融的中心，那些西装革履的人们在那里忙碌地穿梭，每一个决策都可能影响到世界的经济。
而洛杉矶呢，那是好莱坞的所在地，是电影爱好者的天堂。
《英美国家概况》课件
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英美国家对世界的影响
政治影响
英美国家政治体制对全球民主化进程的推动
英美国家作为民主制度的发源地，其政治体制对全球民主化进程产生了深远影响，许多国家在政 治制度上效仿英美，推动了全球民主化进程。
英美国家在国际政治中的领导地位
英美国家凭借强大的经济和军事实力，在国际政治中发挥着领导作用，对国际关系和全球事务产 生重大影响。
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英美国家的贸易政策对全球经济产生深远影响，其贸易策对全球投资环境的影响
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英美国家的投资政策对全球投资环境产生重要影响，其投资政
策的变化对全球投资格局和经济发展产生重要影响。
文化影响
英美国家文化输出对全球文化多样性的影响
英美国家作为全球文化输出大国，其文化产品对全球文化多样性产生重要影响，影响了世 界各地的文化传统和价值观。
英美国家教育体系对全球教育的启示和影响
英美国家的教育体系被认为是全球最优秀的教育体系之一，其教育理念和方法对全球教育 产生了重要影响和启示。
英美国家科技发展对全球科技进步的推动作用
英美国家在科技领域一直处于领先地位，其科技发展对全球科技进步产生了重要推动作用 ，引领全球科技发展方向。
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总结与展望
总结词
美国地理环境多样，历史悠久，是世界上的超级大国。
详细描述
美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南至墨西哥及古巴。美国拥有丰富的自然 资源，国土面积居世界第四位。美国历史可追溯至1776年独立建国，经历了两次世界大战和冷战，成 为全球领先的政治、经济、军事和文化大国。
政治与经济
总结词
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施对全球政治稳定和国际安全产生重要影响，其外交政策对其他国 家产生示范效应。
英美概况第二版
THANK YOU
感谢各位观看
和技能培训。
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美国教育改革
美国教育改革关注提高教育质量、缩小教育差距、促进教育公平等议题，
同时推动STEM教育和职业教育的发展。
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发展趋势
英美两国都在积极探索教育创新，注重培养学生的创新能力和实践能力，
以适应快速变化的社会需求。同时，两国都在加强国际交流与合作，推
动教育的国际化发展。
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英美文学与艺术概览
国际贸易，对外投 资，吸引外资
教育体系
高等教育，职业教 育，中小学教育
Байду номын сангаас3
美国概况
美国历史与文化
美国的起源与历史发展
美国的文学、艺术与音乐
从13个殖民地的建立到独立战争，再 到西进运动、南北战争等关键历史节 点。
如马克·吐温、海明威等文学巨匠，以 及好莱坞电影、百老汇音乐剧等艺术 成就。
美国的多元文化
美国经济与社会发展
美国的经济发展历程
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从工业革命到现代经济体系的建立，包括农业、制造业、服务
业等产业的发展。
美国的社会福利制度
02
如社会保障、医疗保险、失业保险等制度的建立和实施情况。
美国的教育与科技
03
包括高等教育、科研创新等方面的成就和挑战，以及硅谷等科
技中心的崛起。
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英美教育制度比较
教育理念与特点比较
英国概况
英国历史与文化
中世纪英国
文艺复兴时期
盎格鲁-撒克逊人的入侵， 诺曼征服，中世纪的封
建制度
伊丽莎白时代，莎士比 亚的戏剧，英国文艺复
兴的成就
工业革命
纺织机的发明，蒸汽机 的应用，工业革命的影
英美概况考前知识点总结
英美概况考前知识点总结一、英国1.概况英国，全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），是位于欧洲西部的一个岛屿国家，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个地区组成。
首都为伦敦，是英国最大的城市，也是英国的政治、经济和文化中心。
2. 地理英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，主要由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成。
英国陆地面积约为24.2万平方公里，辖区范围包括英国本土以及北爱尔兰地区。
英国地势起伏，有平原、丘陵和山地，包括英格兰北部的湖区和苏格兰的高地。
英国气候多变，主要受大西洋气候影响，冬季寒冷，夏季温和多雨。
3. 政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首为英国女王，目前由伊丽莎白二世担任。
英国议会由两院组成，包括由选举产生的下议院和由上议院成员组成的上议院。
英国政府由首相领导，议会制度是英国政治的核心。
4. 经济英国是一个发达国家，经济实力雄厚。
英国主要产业包括金融、保险、科技、汽车制造、机械制造、航空航天、医药等。
伦敦作为金融中心，对世界经济有着重要影响。
英国是欧盟成员国，但于2016年公投决定脱离欧盟。
5. 文化英国是文化底蕴深厚的国家，有着悠久的历史和传统。
英国文学、音乐、戏剧等领域拥有世界级的影响力，莎士比亚、狄更斯、爱默生等文学巨匠为世人所熟知。
英国还是摇滚乐的发源地之一，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等乐团享誉世界。
二、美国1.概况美利坚合众国（The United States of America），简称美国，是位于北美洲的一个联邦共和制国家，由50个州组成。
首都为华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，最大的城市是纽约。
美国是世界上最强大的国家之一，拥有世界上最大的经济、最强大的军事力量和最先进的科技。
2. 地理美国地处北美洲中部，东临大西洋，西临太平洋，北界加拿大，南濒墨西哥湾。
美国领土面积约为9.83万万平方公里，是世界第四大国家。
英美国家概况(英国部分)Unit 2 History
• Infrastructure – Government (fell apart when they left) – Walls, villas, public baths (some remains still exist)
• Language and Writing – Latin was official language – Practice of recording history led to earliest English “literature” being documentary
• The Celts were Pagans (异教徒) and their religion was know as “animism” (万物有灵论) a Latin word for “spirit.” Celts saw spirits everywhere
• Druids were their priests; their role was to go between the gods and the people
• Danes, who were Vikings from Denmark, attacked Southeastern England and established some small kingdoms.
• Military—strong armed forces (“legions”) – Pushed Celts into Wales and Ireland – Prevented Vikings from raiding for several hundred years: C. Warren Hollister writes, “Rome’s greatest gift to Britain was peace” (15).
英美国家概况之英国
填空题Chapter 11.The British Isles are situated in the northwest of Europe. They are cut off from the continent by the English Channel. On the north and the east the Isles face the North Sea,and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean. The full title of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.Before the early 20th century, Northern Ireland was part of Ireland as a whole. In 1920, it become part of the United Kingdom, with a separated parliament and self-government. There were originally six countries in Northern Ireland. But since 1973 it has a single-tier system of 26 administrative districts.4.The climate in Britain is moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream, and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude. The climate is generally equable, but the day to day conditions are changeable.Chapter 21.The Welsh, the Scots, the Irish are the descendants of Celts who came from Europe to the British Isles centuries before the Roman invasion. It was these people whom the Germanic Anglos and Saxons conquered in the5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors were conquered in turn by the Norman French, whenWilliam of Normandy landed near Hastings in 1066. It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the Anglo-Saxons that the English people and the English language were born.2.Cockney English is very rich in slang,especially rhyming slang. The second part of the rhyming slang is often omitted.4.Wales is an ancient Celtic language. In 1535 Welsh was forbidden as an official language, but in 1965 it was given equality with English for all official use in Wales. Welsh literature dates back to the 6th century AD. Much early Welsh poetry is heroic or elegiac, and concerns pre -Christian heroes, and their exploits. Welsh literature had a profound influence in medieval Europe, as it is the source both of Arthurian legend and that of the Holy Grail. From 15th century on ward classical Welsh literature declined.Chapter 31.Soon after 700 BC the Celts from upper Rhine Land of northwest Europe came to settle on the British Isles. The first wave of Celtic invaders was the Gales, whose language is still spoken in Scotland. From about 500 BC another group of Celts called Brythons came and drove the Gales to the north and west. From the Brythons came the English name for Britain. A third wave, Belgae from Northern Gaul, arrived about 100 BC and occupied the greater part of what are now known as the Home Counties.2.The Roman occupation of Britain lasted nearly 400 years, and it was the Roman who brought Christianity to England.5.The Norman Conquest was in effect a French conquest and the imposition upon England of a ruling French aristocracy. In the consequence, Norman-French of the conquerors replace English as an authoritative language in England. English became lower-class language. It was not until 14th century that English again became the language of richer and cultural class. So Middle English(1150-1450) was strongly modified by an extensive infusion of French vocabulary. Chapter 44.The Great Chapter was signed by King John in 1215. This feudal contract guaranteed the barons’traditional feudal rights. It was chiefly important as an expressing of the principle of limited government; it forward the idea that the king was bound by the law of the land. The right of revolt against unjust government was spelled out in the document. This was to be a factor in the American Revolution. The Great Chapter is traditionally regarded as the basis of English liberties.6.The Black Death struck Europe in the middle of the 14th century and reached England in the summer of 1348.The sudden and violent effect in England was the fall in the population, and consequently in the labor force. The government tried to check this by the Statue ofLabourers of 1351, which made it a criminal offence for labourers to demand, or for employers to pay, more than the maximum wages fixed by the justices in the district.Chapter 55.Renaissance means rebirth. The word was first used by Italian scholars in the mid-16th century to express the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. But modern scholars are more incline to use the term to express the great variety of changes that Europe underwent politically, economically and culturally between 1450 and 1600.Chapter 63.The Long Parliament lasted for 13 years. During the Civil War, the supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads, while the supporters of the King were called Cavaliers.5.The Habeas Corpus Act has been called one of the four pillars of the British Constitution. The other three includes Magna Carta the Petition of Right of 1628, and the Bill of Rights of 1689.6.In June 1688, both Whigs and Tories invited William and Mary to become the joint rulers of England. This is the famous bloodless or so-called Glorious Revolution of 1688. Since then every English Monarch rules the country by permission of Parliament.Chapter 71.The first Prime Minister in English history was Sir Robert Walpole.3.The Industrial Revolution in Britain started in the second half of the 18th century, and first began in the textile industry.issez faire doctrine means that the government should not interfere economic affaires of private enterprise, and that government should be merely an omnipresent policeman protecting property and compelling the performance of contracts. It soon came to include such ideas as the Sanctity of private property and rights of freedom of contract and free competition; thus, it became the opposite of mercantilism.Chapter 81.The Corn Laws were originally planned to protect English home-grown corn from competition from imported foreign corn, their existence made for higher food prices, and assumed the superior importance of agricultural interests over urban industrial interests.2.Under the Prime Minister Disraeli, the second Reform Bill was passed in 1867. It actually granted nearly universal manhood suffrage in cities. But millions of rural workers still remained voteless. Chapter 121.The United Kingdom has a two-party system. The present two major parties are the Conservative and the Labour parties.2.In 1916the Liberal Party split into two halves, and soon lost its place to the Labour Party.名词解释Chapter 2John Bull:the personification of England or the English. It was created by the writer John Arbuthnot in his satire The History of John Bull. Traditionally depicted as a short stock figure. John Bull was renowned for his bluntness, obstinacy and honesty. Presbyterianism(长老会): Protestant Christian form of church government, which follows the theology and church order of John Calvin. It is based on the Calvinist interpretation of the Bible that regards all members of the Church as equal under Christ. Thus, leaders of the Church are elected by the members rather than installed by a hierarchy of bishops.Chapter 3Danelaw: the code of Dane law. The term can also refer to the part of England that was ruled by Dane law. It was the price England had to pay for a century of peace with the Danes.Chapter 4P192 亨利二世The Black DeathChapter 5Transubstantiation(化体论): Roman Catholic doctrine that the sacramental elements of bread and wine, when consecrated in the Mass, are changed into the body and blood of the risen Christ. It is one of the mysteries of the Christian faith, and still a belief of the Catholic Church.Chapter 6Divine right: This is a Doctrine which states that the king derives his authority from God, not people. The supreme authority of the state is personified in the king, but God could eliminated any king he did not like. It arose in France at the time of Renaissance and gave kings a basis for absolute power.Noncon formists: the members of any Protestant church except the Church of England.Chapter 7MP: Member of Parliament“rotten borough”: one of the parliamentary constituencies in Britainbefore 1832. It held the right to elect members of parliament even though the population was reduced or even non-existent.Blood Mary: Queen of England and Ireland, so called because of her execution of numerous Protestants简答题Chapter 11.How do you describe the land features of Great Britain?3.Do you think Britain has a changeable weather? Why?Chapter22. What is “eisteddfod”?3.Why are the Highlanders called “ladies from hell”?Chapter 34. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?1.What was the Roman influence over Britain?3.Why do we say King Alfred was even greater in peace than he was in war?Chapter 41.How did King Henry II reform the courts and law in England?2.Why was King John nicknamed “King of Lackland”3.What’s the significance of the Great Chapter?4.How did the English Parliament come into being?Chapter 5(无.4)2.How and why did the Reformation take place in England?4.What were the distinctive features of the English Renaissance?Chapter 65.Why did the Restoration take place?6.What do you know about the Glorious Revolution?Chapter 71.How did the Primary Ministry in Britain come into being?2.Why was Britain the first country to start the Industrial Revolution?3.What were the causes for the failure of the Chartist Movement?Chapter 82.How did the three reform bills enlarge the suffrage?。
英美概况知识点总结高中
英美概况知识点总结高中英美概况是指英国和美国两个国家的基本情况和特点的总称，包括国家地理环境、政治制度、经济发展、文化传统、社会风貌等多个方面的内容。
作为世界上两个最具有影响力和历史底蕴的国家，英美概况的了解对于增进我们对这两个国家的了解和认识具有重要意义。
下面将进行英美概况知识点的总结，以便于大家更好地了解这两个国家。
一、英国概况1. 地理环境英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，是一个由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成的联合王国。
英国地处大西洋东部，地形多样，有山地、平原、丘陵和岛屿等地貌。
英国的气候受大西洋海洋性气候影响，冬季温和湿润，夏季凉爽多雨。
英国是一个发达的海岛国家，拥有丰富的自然资源和美丽的风景。
2. 政治制度英国的政治制度是君主立宪制，君主是国家元首，议会是最高权力机构。
英国议会分为上议院和下议院两个部分，议会具有立法和监督政府职能。
英国政府由内阁负责，内阁首相是政府首脑，由议会多数党派的领导人担任。
英国的政治体制稳定成熟，拥有悠久的历史传统和独特的民主制度。
3. 经济发展英国是一个发达的工业化国家，经济实力雄厚。
英国拥有发达的资本市场和金融服务业，是全球金融中心之一。
英国的经济以服务业为主，尤其是金融、保险、房地产、科技和娱乐等领域发展迅速。
此外，英国也拥有发达的制造业和农业，是世界上最重要的出口国之一。
4. 文化传统英国是文化名城，拥有丰富的文化传统和历史遗产。
英国文学、音乐、艺术、博物馆、剧院等领域都有重要影响力。
英国享有丰富多样的文化产业，包括电影、电视、出版、游戏等领域蓬勃发展。
英国还拥有众多世界知名的文化遗产，如巨石阵、温莎城堡、巴斯古城等。
5. 社会风貌英国社会多元包容，拥有多样的文化建制和生活方式。
英国是一个移民国家，吸引了来自世界各地的移民，形成多元的社会结构。
英国的社会福利体系完善，医疗、教育、社会保障等公共服务和福利都得到充分保障。
英国社会秩序良好，法治建设完善，民众享有相对安定和安全的生活环境。
英美国家概况(英文版)chapter 2 history of the UK
Mary, a devout Catholic, had so many Protestants burnt to death, that she is remembered less by her official title Mary I than by her nickname Bloody Mary.
Pay rent
paid rent to those gentle folks in grain, service or cash, with little left to sustain.
Middle Age
church
The Pope in Rome who could always inspire the fear of eternal damnation by expelling from the Church a king or even a whole nation, wielded great political power over the whole of Western Europe.
The second is adventure on the sea.
For the first time English ships began to explore the world and trade with distant countries. They soon came into conflict with the might of Spain who had established a rich empire in the Americas. Sea fights between Spanish and English ships were frequent, and astonishingly, the English were the more aggressive and the more successful.
英美国家概况
英国（大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国）大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），通称英国，又称联合王国（United Kingdom），本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
英国是由大不列颠岛上的英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰以及爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰以及一系列附属岛屿共同组成的一个西欧岛国。
除本土之外，其还拥有十四个海外领地[1] ，总人口超过6400万，以英格兰人（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）为主体民族。
1688年的光荣革命确立英国君主立宪政体，英国是世界上第一个工业化国家，首先完成工业革命，国力迅速壮大。
18世纪至20世纪初期英国统治的领土跨越全球七大洲，是当时世界上最强大的国家，号称日不落帝国。
在两次世界大战中都取得了胜利，但国力严重受损。
到20世纪下半叶大英帝国解体，资本主义世界霸主的地位被美国取代。
不过，现在英国仍是一个在世界范围内有巨大影响力的大国[2] 。
英国是一个高度发达的资本主义国家。
欧洲四大经济体之一，其国民拥有较高的生活水平和良好的社会保障制度。
作为英联邦元首国、八国集团成员国、北约创始会员国、英国同时也是联合国安全理事会五大常任理事国之一。
特产苏格兰威士忌英国苏格兰威士忌历史悠久，苏格兰高地的特殊水质和极为严格的酿造工艺，使那里出产的威士忌被誉为“液体黄金”。
泰迪熊泰迪熊（TeddyBear）有着浑圆丰满的身材和泰迪熊四肢，蓬松温厚的安哥拉羊毛，简素的材料和绣线，憨厚的表情，以及百分之百的手工缝制和填塞作业。
在白宫的一次宴会上，有几只玩具熊被打扮成猎人、渔夫的模样陈列在桌上当作装饰品，罗斯福总统，对这批小熊着迷不已。
恰巧英国国王爱德华七世小名也叫泰迪，很快泰迪熊也成为英国家喻户晓的宠物泰迪熊。
如今的泰迪熊就像芭比娃娃一样，已经不再是一般玩具的概念了，更多的，它们被赋予了各种特殊的纪念意义，担负起了传承某种文化的作用。
英美国家概况(英国部分)Unit 3 Political system[精]
![英美国家概况(英国部分)Unit 3 Political system[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/bdc09e85102de2bd9705885a.png)
Make all the UK laws; Scrutinize (审查) government policy & administration; Hear appeals (上诉) in the highest Court of Appeal in Britain;（The House of Lords) Debate the major issues of the day.
Think about these questions before we start:
1. What are the main functions of Parliament?
2. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?
3. What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain?
4. How did the Labor Party come into being?
5. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?
• The PM is an active member of the legislative, yet also the leading member of the executive.
• The Lord Chancellor is a member of the cabinet and therefore of the executive as well as being head of the judiciary.
• The House of Lords also has a right to vote on bills so they’re part of the legislative but the Lords also contains the Law Lords who are an important part of the judiciary.
英美国家概况之英国篇十三讲
英美国家概况笔记：英国国土与人民Chapter 1Land and People英国的国土与人民英国的国土与人民I ． Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1．Geographical names ： the British Isles ， Great Britain and England ．地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2．Official name ： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ．官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3．The British Isles are made up of two large islands －Great Britain （the larger one ） and Ireland ， and hundreds of small ones ．不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4．Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain ： England ， Scotlandand Wales ．大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
（1） England is in the southern part of Great Britain ． It is the largest ， most populous section ．英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
（2） Scotland is in the north of Great Britain ． It has three natural zones （the Highlands in the north ； the Central lowlands ； the south Uplands ） Capital ： Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
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Unit 1
1.London
London is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the culture and business center and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies. It is not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.
2.Robin Hood
Robin Hood was a Saxon nobleman. As he could no longer put up with oppression from the Normans, he became an outlaw and hid himself with his band of “merry men” in the forest. From this secret place, he went out to rob from the rich to give the poor.
3.The Anglo-Saxons
They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.
4.King Arthur
It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends.
5.King Harold
He was the Saxon King whose army was defeated in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when William the Conquer invaded England from France.
Unit 2
1.The Easter Rising
In order to gain independence, different Irish groups had been fighting against the British institutions and the British military forces. One such activity was the Easter Rising which took place in 1916. The rebels occupied Dublin’s Post Office and forced the British to take it back by military force. The leaders of the rebellion were executed by the British authorities.
2.The Provisional IRA
In 1919, a group calling itself the IRA expanded fighting for Irish freedom and independence. The Provisional IRA is the radical faction of the IRA. They prefer the use of force and believe that armed force is the only way to get the British out and to have a unified Ireland.
3.Sinn Fein
Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland which supports the IRA to fight for the union of Ireland. The leaders of Sinn Fein prefer union with Ireland by a twin campaign, both military and political which they call the policy of “the Bullet and the
Ballot Box”. It believes that without the participation of Sinn Fein the political problem of Northern Ireland cannot be thoroughly solved.
4.Home Rule
Ireland had long been dominated by Britain, but Irish desire for an independent Irish state was never lost. “Home Rule”refers to a campaign for Irish control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.
5.The Good Friday Agreement
As a result of multi-party negotiations, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998. This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won't change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree. Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.。