专四必考语法4-主谓一致

Subject & Verb Agreement

主谓一致

集体名词做主语

•集体名词做主语时，谓语动词情况有三种

①有些集体名词如cattle、folk 、people 、youth 、clergy （教士）、police等常做复数看。

The police have caught the murderer.

集体名词做主语

②有些集体名词（表示总称）如machinery、stationery, merchandise（商品）、foliage（树和植物叶子的总称）等看作单数。

New machinery is being installed in the factory.

集体名词做主语

③有些集体名词如army, audience、class、club, committee、company, crowd, family、group, government, jury, party, staff, team, union, public 、poultry等根据意思决定，有时做单数看待，有时做复数看待。

The committee meet every Monday.

He is on the committee that controls public spending.

单复数同形的名词作主语

•单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据意义决定谓语的形式。

This means of transportation is the most convenient one.

There are various means of transportation being developed.

成双成对的东西的名词

•表示成双成对的东西的名词，若被a pair of修饰，要求单数谓语；否则，用复数谓语形式。

A pair of gloves is a nice present.

My shoes need repairing.

My trousers want mending.

表示时间、重量、长度、距离、价值等单

位的名词做主语

•表示时间、重量、长度、距离、价值等单位的名词以及概念上属于整体的一个单元的名词虽然形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。

Ten years is only a moment in history.

Two copies is enough.

Three hours is not a long time to wait.

表数量名词做主语

•number、variety、proportion、majority、population、percent 、total等词有时做单数，有时作复数看待，从意思上决定。（分数、百分数、部分）

20 percent of the polluted water goes into the sea.

20 percent of the families say that they enjoy watching this TV program.

不可数名词

•不可数名词前加表示数量的复数名词，后面跟复数谓语。

There are two cups of c o f f e e.

Here are several pieces of valuable i n f o r m a t i o n for you to refer to / make reference to.

书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语•如果主语是一本书的名字、电影的名字或一个格言等专有名词，谓语动词用单数。

“Gone with the Wind” is an interesting novel.

“The Scent of a Woman” is an awarded film.

No Pains, No Gains is a widely quoted proverb.

学科名词做主语

•表示学科名称的名词如physics, mathematics, economics, politics, electronics, 做主语，虽然形式上以结尾，但应为单数，谓语动词多用单数。

In my opinion, physics is a difficult subject.

Politics is an interesting topic for many men.

表示疾病的名词做主语

•表疾病名称的名词如diabetes, tuberculosis, measles等做主语，虽然形式上以结尾，但应为单数，谓语动词多用单数。

Diabetes is considered a disease that belongs to the wealthy/the rich. （富贵病）

Tuberculosis is no longer threatening people’s life.

就近/毗邻一致原则(1)

•There 或here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语就近一致。

就近/毗邻一致原则(2)

•由or、either…or 或neither…nor、not only、…but also、not,…but…等连接的两个主语谓语就近一致。

谓语动词多用单数的情况（1）•Many a /More than one所修饰的名词作主语时谓语动词多

用单数。

Many a brave soldier has died in that battle.

More than one question has been raised in the lecture.

谓语动词多用单数的情况（2）•Either/neither做主语通常作单数看待，谓语动词多用单数。

Either of the methods is effective.

Neither of the roads leads to the town.

谓语动词多用单数的情况（3）•each、some、any、no、every等构成的复合代词，都作单数看待，谓语动词多用单数。

There is somebody on the phone for you.

Nobody was working when I came in.

Everything is all right.