自考本科高级英语课后练习答案下册

Lesson one The Company in Which I Work

By Joseph Heller

A. Answer the following questions on the text :


1. What kind if emotion dominates all the people in the company ?

2. Why are salesmen afraid of most of the people in the company ?

3. Why do salesmen still feel pressure upon them when they are doing well ?

4. What kind of life are salesmen leading ?

5. Do salesmen have any grudge about their work ?

6. Why are people in the Market Research Department the least afraid ?

7. What is the nature of the work done by the Market Research Department ?

8. How does the narrator feel about his work now ?

9. What does he do when he is especially melancholy ?

10. What do you think is the theme of this passage ?

Key A

1. fear

2. They are always on trial , always on the verge of failure , collectively and individually .

3. Because they are afraid that they may start doing worse .

4. They live and work under extraordinary pressure.

5. Yes.

6. Because their salaries are small , and they know they will not have trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other companies if they lose their jobs here .

7. The nature of the work is to suggest ingenious ways of disguising reality .

8. He is bored with his work very often now.

9. He constructs tables of organization .. and classifies people in the company on the basis of envy , hope, fear, ambition, frustration , rivalry , hatred , or disappointment .

10. Big company destroies the nature of people , and people have to do what they don’t want to do in order to survive in the company .

B. Translate the following into Chinese :


1. They hold meetings ,make promotions , and allow their names to be used on announcements that are prepared and issued by somebody else .

2. He makes it clear to me every now and then that he wishes to see everything coming out of my department before it is shown to other departments .

3. The result of this photocopying and distributing is that there is almost continuous public scrutiny and discussion throughout the company of how well or poorly the salesmen in each sales office of each division of the company are doing at any given time .

4. They are stimulated and motivated by discipline and direction .

5. Their budget , too , is small , for they are no longer permitted to undertake large projects .

6. This happens not only to salesmen , but to the shrewd,,capable executives in top management .

7. It’s a real problem to decide whether it’s more boring to do something boring than to pass along everything boring that comes in to somebody else and then have nothing to do at all .

8. I frequently feel I ‘m being taken advantage of merely because I’ m asked to do the work I’m paid to do .

Key B

1. 他们主持持会议,研究该提升谁,别人准备并发布的通告上也要署上他们的名字.

2. 他不时地让我清楚一个事实,即希望我的部门

所做的每项工作在显示给其他部门之前先给他看看.

3. 把统计数字复印,分发,这种做法的结果是公司每个部门的每个销售办事处的推销员在任何时期内业绩的好坏都不断地处于公众的审查和评论之中.

4. 纪律和监督激励他们.

5. 他们的经费很少，因为不再允许他们承担大的项目。

6. 不仅推销员认为（我们所做的是重要的），而且那些精明的／能力强的高级管理层的人员也这样认为。

7. 做令人厌烦的事情是否比把令厌烦的的事情交给别人去做而自己却无所事事更令人厌烦呢？这真是一个要做出决定的问题。

8. 我时常感到我被利用只是因为我被要求去做能付我工资的工作。




C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary :


Motivate in the long run regardless of be held to blame squander to a great extent with honors take advantage of survive be credited with fall victim to


have trouble doing sth .



1. The chairman of the board of directors was forced to resign , falling victim to the power struggle among the directors .

2. Intelligent and hard-working , he passed with honors in degree examinations .

3. Some girls are so shy as to have trouble mixing socially with people .

4. No one was held to blame for the loss of the game ; each had done her best .

5. He enjoyed great popularity among the students , being credited with speaking five foreign languages .

6. The president decided to run for the second term, regardless of the state of his health .

7. The small restaurant owner squandered all his hard –earned money in gambling within a year .

8. To increase productivity , we have to get the workers motivated , but do you think material incentives will always work ?


D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences :


1. It took him three years to pay off all the debts ( occurred , incurred ) by buying that new house .

2. The boy gave an ( ingenuous , ingenious ) account of what had happened , concealing nothing .

3. He gave such ( implicit , explicit ) instructions that everyone understood them .

4. The two brothers ( compliment , complement ) each other ; one is impulsive , the other , cautious .

5. The little boy ( stimulated , simulated ) illness not to go to school .

6. Sitting alone in his room , he ( wondered ,brooded ) over his failure to get a job after a whole year of trying .

7. She has had a ( grudge ,malice ) against me ever since I turned down her unreasonable request .

8. After graduating from the business school , he went to work in a big corporation and proved to be quite a ( shrewd , cunning ) businessman .


E. Explain the underlined words in English :

1. Each week , for example , a record of the sales results of the corresponding

week …is kept and compared to the sales results for the corresponding week of the year before .

2. ….they often turn cranky without warning and complain a lot .

3. …he is usually moved into an administrative position after several months of mourning .

4. Strangely enough , the salesmen react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected .

5. For the most part , they are cheerful , confident , and gregarious when they are not .. depressed .

6. And it’s a dumb person who’s convinced he is wise .

7. But between such peaks of challenge and elation there is monotony and despair .

8. …there is a large , emotional letdown after I survive each crisis ….

Key E

1. how many goods were sold for the related week

2. they often turn strange unexpectedly

3. After several months of grieving his wife’s death , he is usually transferred from the sales office to an administrative office .

4. to which they have to obey .

5. Generally speaking , they are happy , confident and easy –going .

6. It’s a stupid person who is sure ….

7. There is boredom between such peaks of challenge and happiness .

8. After I manage to go through each crisis , I have a strong feeling of disappointment .



F. Translate the following into English :

在大公司里工作不是一件轻松的事.公司有严格的等级制度，如果你要想成功和得到升，除了要承受巨大的工作压力和做好工作， 你必须服从指挥，遵守纪律。你天天处于严格的监督下， 在恐惧中度日。如果你做的是一项毫无晋升机会的工作而又因各种原因无法另谋出路时，你会觉得工作没有意思，感到厌烦。你会对前程绝望，失去雄心大志， 失去工作动机，变成一个庸人。


Key F

It’s not easy to work in a big company . There is strict hierarchy in the company , and if you hope to be successful and get promotion , you have to obey directions and disciplines in addition to bear heavy pressure of work and work hard . Every day you are under rigid supervision and live in panic . If what you do is a job which will not provide you any chance to get promotion and for some reasons you have no way to find another job , you will be bored with it and feel dull . You will be in despair , lose ambition and working motivation , and finally become a mediocre .




G. Write a short passage of 150-200 words in English on the topic “ Do you like to be a Salesman in Big Company ?Why or Why Not ?”. You should cover the following points :


1.A statement of your position ;

2.the first reason why you like or do not like to be a salesman ;

3 . the second reason why you like or do not like to be a salesman .


Key G


Do You like to be a salesman in a big company ?

With the development of economy , more and more salesmen are needed in all kinds of companies , big or small . Mean

while , more and more people like to be salesmen . As for me , I like to be a salesman in a big company for the following reasons .

Firstly , in terms of income , salesmen in a big company often earn big salaries . It goes without saying that salary is an important consideration when one chooses a job . Generally speaking , a big company offers a better pay to its salesmen that a small company does . As a breadwinner , I certainly prefer to work as a salesman in a big company .

Secondly , in terms of self –development , salesmen in a big company often get better chances to further develop themselves ,.Nowadays , earning a large sum of money is not the only purpose of salesmen , they also want to improve their abilities and enlarge their knowledge as well . A big company usually provides in –service training to its salesmen which few small companies are able to provide . Thus , I like to be a salesman in a big company for this reason .

In short , for the two reasons I mentioned above , I want to be a salesman in a big company .

Lesson Two Eveline
By James Joyce


A. Answer the following questions on the text :


1. How many people had there been in Eveline’s family ? How many were there now ? What had happened to them ?

2. What job did she have ? Did she find it pleasant ?

3. What work did she do at home ?

4. How did her father treat her ?

5. Who was Frank ?

6. Why should Eveline’s father forbid her to see Frank ?

7. What did frank ask her to do ?

8. Why was she in two minds about leaving home ?

9. What made her suddenly decide to go to the boat station ?

10. How do you feel after reading through the story ?

Key A.

1. There had been seven people in her family . There were five now . Her mother and brother Ernest died.

2. She worked in the store as a shop –assistant . She didn’t find it pleasant .

3. She did all the housework and tried to keep the home together .

4. Her father didn’t treat her very well and she lived in danger of her father ‘s violence .

5. Frank was her lover , and he was a sailor .

6. Eveline’s father distrusted Frank and thought Frank was a kind of person who fooled around with girls at every port of call .

7. Frank asked her to go away with him and set up a family in Buenos Ayres .

8. On one hand , she was not satisfied with her life at home and her work in the store , and she wanted to have a happy life with Frank ; on the other hand , she had no courage to abandon the life with which she was familiar and she didn’t want to break the promise to her mother .

9. She didn’t want to spend a miserable life as what her mother did before .

10. I feel sympathy for the difficult situation of Eveline and sad to see that Eveline had no courage to go away and build up new life .

B. Translate the following into Chinese :


1. Her head was leaned against the window curtains , and in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cre

tonne.

2. Her father used often to hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick ….

3. Perhaps she would never see again those familiar objects from which she had never dreamed of being divided .

4. …and Harry , who was in the church decorating business , was nearly always down somewhere in the country .

5. He was standing at the gate , his peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tumbled forward over a face of bronze .

6. ….she was again in the close , dark room at the other side of the hall and outside she heard a melancholy air of Italy .

7. Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat … with illumined portholes.

8. She set her white face to him , passive , like a helpless animal .




Key B

1. 她的头靠在窗帘上, 鼻孔里是提花窗帘布上的尘土气.

2. 她的父亲常用他那根黑刺李木棍到地里把他们赶出来。

3. 也许她再也不看不到她做梦都不想过要与之分开的一切熟悉的东西了。

4. 教堂干装修的哈里几乎总是在乡下什么地方。

5. 他站在大门口， 尖顶帽推在后脑勺上， 头发向前散乱垂在晒得黧黑的脸上。

6. 她好像又一次回到客厅另一侧的那间闷热的阴暗的房间中， 听见外面在奏着一首忧伤的意大利曲子。

7. 从棚子的大宽门看出去她瞥见了黑糊糊的船体，。。。。。舷窗亮着灯光。

8. 她苍白的面孔对着他， 像个无助的动物那样迟钝被动。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below , changing its form when necessary :

Spell where on earth tumble invariable inhale go for unaccustomed be laid up anguish melancholy squabble undesirable


1. The children were playing in the park , chasing each other , tumbling on the lawn , laughing and shouting all the time .

2. At first she was so unaccustomed to the cockney accent that she understood nothing of what the taxi drivers said .

3. Where on earth can we find the money to pay the hospital bills ?

4. The performance was over , the audience remained motionless , completely under the spell of the music .

5. He left the crowded room , walked on to the balcony and inhaled the fresh night air .

6. When the pickpocket was cornered in the bus , he took out a knife and went for the conductor .

7. He missed the exam as he had been laid up with pneumonia for a whole month .

8. The parents have lived in anguish ever since the boy went missing .



D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences :

.(Invariably , Unchangeably)strict with himself , he went over the accounts yet another time .

2.Many people are worried by what they think is ( unaccustomed ,undesirable ) scenes on TV for the children .

3. It is impossible to sort out all the (squabbles , debates ) among the children .

Sometimes one just has to ignore them .

1. It is such a ( pitiful , sympathetic ) sight to see the elderly people sitting on park benches , lonely and expressionless .

2. The party over , the guests gone , she looked at the empty rooms and sank into (anguish ,melancholy ) .

3. He ( stumbled , tumbled ) on the pavement and twisted his ankle .

4. What happened to them on the trip was a nightmare , which left them ( unspeakably , pitifully ) furious for weeks .

5. The vulgar commercial which followed broke the ( spell , appeal ) of the film .



E. Explain the underlined words in English :
1. She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue .

2. …and her place would be filled up by advertisement .

3. “ Look lively ,Miss Hill ,please .”

4. ….Harry always sent up what he could ….

5. The she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her marketing ….

6. He used to call her Poppens out of fun .

7. Her time was running out …

8. …that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness .

Key E

1. The evening fall upon the avenue .

2. According to the advertisement on the newspaper , somebody else would come to do the job that she did before .

3. Look more cheerful , or show more energy .

4. Harry always sent back home money as much as possible .

5. go shopping

6. jokingly

7. Her time was using up , and it was time to go away .

8. She spent an ordinary life and died as a mad woman .



F. Translate the following into English :

伊芙林同意和住在布宜诺斯艾利斯的爱尔兰水手弗兰克结婚。他们是在弗兰克回都柏林度假之初认识的。 他们要在那晚一起乘船到布宜诺斯艾利斯去。 还有几个小时船就要开了，但她仍在怀疑和弗兰克一起到这样遥远的国家去是否明智。 尽管她不喜欢在商店的工作，父亲对她也不好， 但毕竟这是她惟一熟悉的生活。再说，在母亲去世前伊芙林也答应她，要尽一切可能不让这个家散掉。但是，回忆起母亲的悲惨生活使她感到恐怖。她要和弗兰克幸福地生活在一起！

可是临上船前她又动摇了。船载着弗兰克开走了。人人都梦想过美好生活，但是梦想的实现是需要勇气的。


Eveline agreed to marry Frank –an Irish sailor who lived in Buenos Ayres . They got to know each other when Frank just came back Dublin to spend his holidays . They would go to Buenos Ayres by boat that night . The boat was going to leave in a few hours , but she was still in doubt whether it was wise or not to go to such a distant country with Frank . Although she didn’t like the job in the store , and her father didn’t treat her well , it was the only life that she was familiar with , after all . Besides , Eveline had promised to her mother that she would keep the home together as long as she could before her mother died . But the vision of th

e miserable life of her mother made her feel horrible . She would live a happy life with Frank .

But she changed her mind before boarding the boat . The boat left with Frank . Everybody dreamed of happy life , but one must have courage to realize his dream .

G. Write a short passage of 150-200words in English on the topic “ I Think Eveline Should ( Not ) Leave Home “.you should cover the following points :



1.A brief account about Eveline;

2.Eveline’s relation with her family ;

3.Eveline’s relation with Frank .


I think Eveline should leave her home

Eveline ,a 19-year-old Irish girl , was the eldest daughter in her family . After her mother died , she managed to keep the family together and to see that her two younger brother and sister went to school regularly and got their meals regularly . It was a hard life . What’s more , her father who once treated her mother badly , was always in bad tempter especially after drinking and easily got angry when Eveline asked fro money from him to buy daily necessities . Living with such a father , Eveline felt miserable .

Eveline had to work in a store to help her father to support the family . But she was not satisfied with the job . She had to work very hard , and moreover , her fellow workers didn’t treat her well .

It was hard life and hard work . But luckily , she met Frank , an Irish sailor , who truly loved her and would like to marry her in Buenos Ayres in a distant country . She would have a promising life there .

From the above introduction , I can easily draw a conclusion that Eveline should leave her warmless home and be brave enough to build a new life with her lover Frank in a new country .
Lesson Three What’s Wrong with Our Press



By Marya Mannes


A answer the following questions on the text :

1. How do you interpret newspapers’ two advantages mentioned in the first paragraph ?

2. What are TV’s advantages over newspapers ?

3. Apart from partisanship , what marks the end of newspaper’s usefulness ?How does she explain it ?

4. What does the author think about TV programs as a whole ?

5. What does the author think about the local newspapers ?

6. What is the author ?

7. What is the authtor ’s purpose in writing the article ?

8. What ‘s wrong with the American press according to the author ?


Key A

1. It is ironic to say that newspapers have two advantages , by saying so , the author wants to say that newspapers have lost its function of informing people.

2. In TV programmes , there is no intense partisanship . TV provides a wide range of opinion . TV does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact , the kind of virulence and personal peeve . TV doesn’t feed the appetite for hate , etc.

3. The resistance to change marks the end of newspapers’ usefulness .

The author thinks that the resistance to change is the end of growth , which in turn , marks the end of usefulness .

4. TV does a better job in informing the public than the nation’s press as a whole , but television coverage of news is superficial and inadequate .

5. On local newspapers , you will find no enjoyment or interest . Local newspapers are not worth reading .

6. The author is a newspaper woman .

7. The author ‘s purpose is to call on her fellow newspapermen to make efforts to improve the newspaper in order to perform its function of informing the public .

8. Newspapers have become a habit rather than a function . It has lost its function of informing the public , for newspaper people do not treat word with respect it deserves .


B .translate the following into Chinese :

1. Newspapers came in second ….

2. If you get conflicting or different reports of the same news story from radio , television , the magazines , and the newspapers ,which of the four versions would you be most inclined to believe ?

3. Television lives on advertising to an even greater extent than newspapers , and since advertising is big business , advertising is by nature Republican.

4. ….a shameful one ; That newspapers whose duty is to inform the American public give them only one side of the issues ….

5. Very often the picture takes precedence over the point .

6. Television also provides a wide range of opinion by setting up four or five experts and letting them knock each other down .

7. And this resistance to change is the end of growth –which , in turn , marks the end of usefulness .

8. It is easier to write editorial copy that appeals to emotion rather than reason .


1. 报纸排在第二位……

2. 如果你从广播/电视/杂志和报纸上得到对同一新闻的不报导或相矛盾的报导,你会相信哪种报导呢?

3. 电视比报纸更信赖商业广告, 既然广告是大生意, 广告在本性上是亲共和党的.

4. 职责在于给美国公众提供新闻的报纸却只给出了问题的一面之词….这是可耻的.

5. 通常电视画面凌驾于观点之上.

6. 电视通过邀请四/五个专家,让他们相互辩驳这种做法给观众提供多方面的观点.

7. 拒绝变更就是发展的终结， 而停止了发展， 报纸也就没有用途了。

8. 写社论稿时诉诸于感情要比讲道理容易。

C．Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box blow , changing its form when necessary :


At random in vain entrust cheapen cater to appeal confine to on the beat stuff pass for take precedence over substitute


1. Vitamin C pills are no substitute for fruits and vegetables .

2. By his nasty behavior the governor has cheapened himself in everyone’s eyes .

3. I tried in vain to get George to join the campaign to end fox-hunting in Britain .

4. The pillow is stuffed with feathers .

5. The soldiers were entrusted with the task of putting out the fire in the forest .

6. With her excellent performa

nce she could pass for a professional dancer .

7. Fighting the Japanese invaders took precedence over everything else .

8. Those violent films cater to the worst side of human nature .


D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences :

1. His six –year experience gave him a big ( advantage ,strength ) over the other applicants for the job .

2. These rules and regulations not only apply to the graduate students ,but to the school (on the whole , as a whole )

3. We ( met , encountered ) a serious setback in the battle when our supplies were intercepted by the enemy .

4. I was very sick and was ( confined to , limited to ) bed for over two weeks .

5. the local newspaper gave an extensive ( coverage , reporting ) of the trial .

6. The singer was fully ( justifiable , justified ) in suing the newspaper for slander .

7. This magazine is intended to ( attract , appeal ) to millions of college students in China .

8. Jamaica ( functioned , worked ) as a center of the American slave trade in the 18th century until the abolition of slavery in 1833.


E . Explain the underlined words in English :

1. It is still the only effective screen against the morning features of the loved one …

2. …newspaper people …the magazine people …

3. If you get conflicting or different reports of the same news story …

4. …letting them knock each other down .

5. …the newspapers topped the list . In a big way , too.

6. …one-party nature of newspaper ownership.

7. ….that elevates news above dogfood .

8. The word will prevail ….



Key E

1. Face without being made up after getting up in the morning and therefore is not good to look at .

2. …people who work for newspapers ….

…people who work for magazines …

3. opposing and contradictory

4. criticize and attack each other

5. in a big scale , too.

6. The newspaper is dominated by one party .

7. writes news which is more important and prominent than the ads for dogfood .

8. The word will be widespread .


F . Translate the following into English :

电视与报纸相比有许多优越性。看电视时我们同时用眼睛和耳朵；我们在荧光屏上看见文字和图像，同时能听到语言和音乐。电视传播新闻比报纸快捷。　但是电视更信赖商业广告。利润使电视迎合最低级的本能。美国电视中的娱乐节目充满了暴力和性。电视中的新闻报导常常是肤浅的，不充分的。　

美国报纸存在的问题也很多，最为突出的是歪曲事实，攻击他们不喜欢的国家／民族和社会制度。　


Key F

Television has much more advantages than newspapers . When watching TV, we use our eyes as well as ears ; we can see the words and picture on the screen , and listen to the language and music as well . TV news broadcasting is quicker than that of newspapers . But tel

evision lives on commercial advertising to an even greater extent than newspapers . Profits drive television to cater to the lowest instinct of man . There are violence and sex in entertainment programmes of American television . Very often , television coverage of news is superficial and inadequate .

There are a lot of problems in American newspapers too . the most prominent problem is that newspapers distort fact , and attack the countries ,people and the social systems which Americans do not like .


G Write a short passage of 150-200 words in English on the topic “ A comparison between Newspapers and Television “. You should cover the following points :

1. Newspapers’ advantages over television;

2. television’s advantages over newspapers ;

3. the author’s conclusion and warning .


“ A Comparison Between Newspapers and Television”

As a mass media , both newspapers and television attract a large number of readers and audience . That is to say , they both have their advantages .

In general , newspapers have two advantages over television. Firstly , it’s easier to carry a paper everywhere than a television . You can read a paper on a train , in your office , or even in the bathroom . But it’s hard for you to carry a TV everywhere . Secondly , it’s easier to keep the content of newspapers than that of television . It’s easy for you to keep newspapers as many as you like , but it’s hard to keep all the information from TV.

Meanwhile , television also has two advantages over newspapers . Firstly , the coverage of television is wider than that of newspapers . You can watch almost everything you want to know from TV . Such as entertainment programs , educational programs ,educational programs , cultural programs , music programs , etc . Because of its limited space , newspaper can’t cover the same amount of content as TV does .Secondly . TV can provide the latest news , whereas printers have to spend some time to print the news onto the newspapers .

As you can see , both newspapers and television have advantages . At different time . in different places , and according to your different demand , you can choose either of them or both .


Lesson Four The Tragedy of Old Age in America

By Robert N .Butler




A. Answer the following questions on the text :


1. What is it like to be old in the United States ?

2. What are the popular attitudes towards old age ?

3. What are the interconnected elements that determine the quality of late life ?

4. Why is old age a tragedy for many elderly Americans ?what are the problems they confront ?

5. Is old age an enjoyable part of the life-span in the U.S.?

6. Is old age a tragedy for the rich Americans ?

7. what do think are the potentials in late life ?

8. If life expectancy closely related to living standards ?




Key a

1. old age is a neglected stepchild of the human life cycle . The old in the United stat

es are discriminated and ignored and most of them struggle to exist in an inhospitable world .

2. Our popular attitudes towards old age could be summed up as a combination of wishful thinking and stark terror .

3. Physical health , personality , earlier广告 experiences , the actual circumstances of late广告 events and the social supports one receives are interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life .

4. Because American society is one which is extremely harsh to live in when one is old .

Elderly Americans confront insensitivity , ignorance and poverty .

5. Old age is not an enjoyable part of the life-span in the U.S.

6. Old age is also a tragedy for the rich Americans .

7. In late life , the elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation .

8. Life expectancy is closely related to living standards .




B. Translate the following into Chinese :


1. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle .

2. …it is easier to manage the problem of death than the problem of living as an old person .

3. This is the American ideal of the “golden years “toward which millions of citizens are expectantly toiling through their workdays .

4. We base our feelings on primitive fears , prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight .

5. The old must clarify and find use for what they have attained in a lifetime of learning and adapting ….

6. …recent increases do not keep up with soaring costs of living .

7. Age discrimination in employment is unrestrained , with arbitrary retirement practices and bias against hiring older people for available jobs .

8. These health problems , while significant , are largely treatable and for the most part do not impair the capacity to work .




KeyB

1. 衰老过程是人类生命周期中被忽视的非亲生儿.

2. 对付死亡的问题比对付在老年时生活的问题要容易.

3. 这就是千百万公民辛劳地度过他们的工作日时心中期待着实现的那个美国”金色岁月”的理想.

4. 我们将感情建筑在原始的害怕/偏见和陈规老套上而不是建筑在知识和远见上.

5. 老人必须弄清自己毕生学习和适应的收获并加以利用.

6. 新增加的福利金赶不上生活费用的高涨.

7. 就业方面的年龄歧视不受任何限制,可以随意规定退休的具体做法.在雇用人时对上年纪的人有歧视.

8. 这些疾病固然应加以注意,但多数的病症是可以治疗的,而且大多不损害工作能力.


c.Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary :

Conserve inherent toil defective lull unbearable eradicate penalize vary impair subsistence interconnect


1. We must conserve forests not only for the present but for future generations .

2. AIDS is expected to be eradicated from

the world in the coming century .

3. The two daughters’ sweet words lulled King Lear into believing that they really loved him more than anything in the world .

4. The whole class was penalized for not being able to keep the classroom clean and tidy.

5. Overcooking will impair the flavor and taste of the dish .

6. The slaves toiled day and night pulling heavy blocks of stone to the construction site of the pyramids .

7. The problems they encounter are inherent in the economic system .

8. We must bear in mind that there are still millions of people who still live at subsistence level .




C. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences :




1. These underground pipes are ( interrelated , interconnected ) .

2. Nuclear power is ( inherently , naturally ) both dangerous and powerful .

3. The ( one-time, once)bus driver is now a famous pop singer .

4. The film is ( based ,established ) on a novel by Lu Xun.

5. Spoiled children will not manage to live against (difficulty, adversity ).

6. He got the job by (false , fraudulent ) means ;he said he had ten years of working experience .

7. Mental problems of all ages are not totally ( untreatable , incurable ) .

8. The students are advised to ( conserve , preserve ) water and electricity .




E.Explain the underlined words in English :

1. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle .

2. …while old age is …a bittersweet coming to terms with one’s own personality and one’s life .

3. This is the American ideal of the “golden years “ toward which millions of citizens are expectantly toiling through their workdays .

4. …the old completing their prescribed life spans …

5. Poverty …and old age go hand in hand .



6. …Pension payments that do come in are not tied to inflationary decreases in buying power.

7. These health problems , while significant ,are largely treatable …

8. …the balance must come from their own incomes and savings …



Key E

1.a period to which nobody pays attention to

2.old age involves adaptation to a changed self and one’s life with mixed feelings of being pleasant and sad .

3. Full of expectations , they are working very hard in their daily work .

1. lifetime

2. Old people are usually poor ..

3. ( pension payments ) do not take the inflation into consideration , thus can’t keep pace with the decline in purchasing power caused by inflation .

4. Something that can be treated

5. the rest which is not covered by medicare


F-Translate the following into English :

生命周期包括生/老/死.。死是人生不可避免的结局。衰老过程是人类生命周期中被忽视的一个阶段。死亡在几秒中内发生， 但是老年却是一个长过程， 这个过程意味着疾病贫困/孤独。 广告和折页旅行指南展示了轻松快乐/衣着讲究的老人

享受着文娱/旅游和儿孙之乐。但是穷苦的老人却不可能享受这一切。他们到了老年还必须为生存而奋斗。许多老年人为了生存，在一个冷漠的世界上挣扎着。现在世界上的老年人越来越多，老年人的问题正引起各国政府的关注 。

Key F


The life circle includes birth , being old , and death . Death is an unavoidable end for everybody . Aging is the neglected period of human life circle . Death happens within a few seconds while aging is a long period which means illness , poverty , and loneliness advertisements and travel folders show relaxed , happy , well-dressed older people enjoying recreation,travel and their grandchildren . But all these can not be enjoyed by the poor elder . They have to struggle to survive in old age . Many old people struggle to exist in an inhospitable world . There are more and more old people in the world now , and the government of every country is beginning to pay attention to the problems of old people .


G.Write a short passage of 150-200words in English on the topic “Problems American Old People Face Today “. You should cover the following points :

1. Common views about old age , the discrepant points of view ;

2. the joys ,fears , problems and potentials of old age ;

3. old women get along worse than old men .


Key G

“Problems American Old People Face Today “

old age is an unavoidable period of one’s life . In America, some people think old age is one’s “golden year “. For one thing , the elderly have enough time and freedom to do whatever they like ; for another , social security and medicare provide them comfortable and reliable life . But other people just hold the opposite opinion .They think old age is miserable . On the one hand , the elderly are no longer useful to the society and therefore looked down upon; on the other hand , most elder people suffer illness , loneliness and ever poverty .

Today , the American old people have joys , potentials , fears and problems . For example , they can get enjoyment from their hobbies , and exert their potentials by taking advantages of their knowledge and experience . But meanwhile ,most old people fear that their meager income can’t cover all the expenses and health problem is also their concern . The problem is that there is no complete social system to eradicate their worries and ensure them a happy life .

In general , American old women get along worse than men . Most women get lower pension than men and housewives received much less income . Besides financial shortage , most elder women live lonely , because of the fact that 2/3of them are widows . Thus they are likely end up alone .



Lesson Five Trifles ( Part one )

By Susan Glaspell


A. Answer the following questions on the text :


1. How did Hale discover that Wright was dead ?

2. What did Mrs . Wright tell Hale and Harry about her husband’s death ?

3.

What made Mr. Hale and Harry decide to call for the coroner ?

4. What did the county attorney think when he found that the kitchen was not cheerful and clean ?

5. Did Mrs. Hale agree with him ? Why do you think they look at things so differently ?

6. What were the trifles that the men thought meant nothing to the case ?

7. What were the small things that the two women noticed that were significant ?

8. Why does the playwright stress how cold the place is ?

9. What kind of person is the country attorney ?

10. What kind of person is mrs.Hale ?


Key A

1. One morning ,Mr. Hale went to Mr. Wright’s house on his way to town , hoping to talk with Mr. Wright ,but Mrs. Wright told him that Wright was dead .

2. Mrs. Wright said her husband die of a rope round his neck .

3. Mrs.Wright said that she didn’t know who killed her husband and she hadn’t notified anybody about her husband’s death , Hale and Harry thought it was a strange thing , so they decided to call for the coroner .

4. The county attorney thought Mrs.Wright was a bad housekeeper .

5. No, Mrs. Hale didn’t agree with the county attorney . Because they are different sex . The county attorney thought about it from men’s point of view while Mrs . Hale thought about it from women’s point of view .

6. They thought preserves and fruit had nothing to do with the case .

7. They were bread in pan , cherry preserves and Mrs. Wright’s skirt , apron , and shawl .

8. The playwright wants to indicate that Wright’s family life is cold , too.

9. The county attorney is subjective and likes to draw a conclusion basing on his impression .

10. Mrs.Hale is frank , kind and sympathetic woman .


B. translate the following into Chinese :


1. the sheriff and Mr. Hale are men in middle life . The county attorney is a young man , all are much bundled up and go at once to the stove .

2. Unbuttoning his overcoat and stepping away from the stove as if to mark the beginning of official business .

3. …but I thought maybe if I went to the house and talked about it before his wife , though I said to Harry that I didn’t know as what his wife wanted made much difference to John---

4. I think I’d rather have you go into that upstairs ,where you can point it all out .

5. But I don’t think a place’d be any cheerfuller for John Wright’s being in it .

6. I suppose she felt she couldn’t do her part , and then you don’t enjoy things when you feel shabby .

7. She used to wear pretty clothes and be lively ,when she was Minnie Foster , one of the town girls singing in the choir .

8. Funny thing to want , fro there isn’t much to get you dirty in jail , goodness knows .

Key b

1. 司法官和黑尔是中年男子.县法官是个年轻小伙子.他们穿得都很多，而且一进屋马上走到炉子旁。

2. 解开外套，从炉旁走开，好像要开始公务。

3. 但我想如果我进屋当

他妻子面再谈一下这件事，　虽然我告诉哈里我认为约翰妻子想要的不会对约翰有什么影响。

4. 我想让你上楼讲述这部分情况，你在楼上可把一切指出来。

5. 但我想有约翰‘赖特在的地方不会令人愉快到哪儿去。

6. 我想她觉得她尽不了应尽的职责，当一个人觉得自己衣衫破旧，不会喜欢什么活动的。

7. 她以前常穿漂亮衣服而且很活泼，那时她名叫明妮‘福斯特，是唱诗班的一位城里姑娘。

8. 她想要的东西真可笑，监狱没什么活儿会使人弄脏，天知道。


Ｃ。Ｆill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below , changing its form when necessary :

Unbend no use doing mind unconcerned snoop around have one’s hands full slick pleat put in order


make a difference shabby keep to oneself


1. please see to it that all things are put in order before you leave the reading –room .

2. Children’s privacy should be respected . It is not good for parents to snoop around their rooms when they are at school .

3. When he is reading a novel he doesn’t mind the noise around him .

4. Maybe you should give the job to Jack , David has his hands full with the investigation of the other case .

5. He tried his utmost to persuade them to change the date , but they remained unbending .

6. It is no use trying to talk her out of it . She has made up her mind .

7. She went about her business , very much unconcerned with the gossips that were going around .

8. Does it make a difference if the meeting is postponed for a day ?


D.Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences :


1. She took the skirt out of the suitcase and found it terribly ( pleated , wrinkled )

2. The owner of the house came back and discovered that his house had been broken into during his absence . He ( snooped around , checked ) to see if anything valuable had been stolen .

3. Since their father lost his job , their mother was hard up and always bought them ( shabby , cheap ) clothes .

4. he needed the money , so he said he didn’t ( care for , mind ) the long working hours as long as he was well-paid .

5. He lost interest in the debate , merely sitting there totally ( unconcerned , unbent ,) .

6. While you are in the bookstore , please ( keep an eye for , look at ) the dictionary that I have been looking for .

7. the elderly couple always avoids parties and gatherings . They are the kind of people who ( keep from , keep to ) themselves .

8. He knew there was ( no use , no need ) going back to market place to look for the pocket –book , but he went anyway to make her feel better .


E. Explain the underlined words in English :

1….no use getting pneumonia with a big case on,…..

2.I want you to know I had my hands full yesterday …

3.Ah, loyal to your sex , I see .

1. …and keep an eye out for anything that might be of use to us .

2. Wish I ‘d thought of that sooner .

3. I remember the afternoon I put up my cherries last summer .

4. Wright was close .

5. She didn’t even belong to the ladies Aid .

Key E

1. it is not worthwhile for us to get pneumonia while dealing with an important case .

2. I was very busy yesterday .

3. faithful to female sex and be in favor of women

4. keep a watch on

5. the fact that Frank might have made the roller towel dirty

6. prepared

7. stingy

8. join


F. Translate the following into English :

赖特太太在和约翰‘赖特结婚住到他的农场来之前是一个城市姑娘。她曾是个活泼／爱唱歌的女孩子。但是和赖特３０年的共同生活使她完全变了。赖特是个十分吝啬的人，根本不顾妻子的需要。他们这个家没有欢乐，连邻居都不愿来串门。　一个冬天的早上，　邻居黑尔发现赖特死在床上。　赖特太太说她不知道是谁干的。她的行为古怪。她不去报警，只是坐在厨房的摇椅里不断摇动。警察把她带走了。第二天早上，县司法官和县法官带着黑尔回到农场，调查是谁杀了赖特。　

Key F


Mrs . Wright was a town girl before she married John Wright and lived in his farm . She used to be a lively girl who liked singing . But during the thirty years living together with Wright , she totally changed . Wright was miserly and never paid attention to his wife’s needs . There was no joy in their house , and even the neighbours were reluctant to call at their house . One winter morning , Mr. Hale , their neighbour , found that Wright was strangled on his bed .Mrs Wright said that she didn’t know who killed her husband . Her behaviour was very queer . She didn’t call the police , but just sat in the rocker rocking back and forth in the kitchen . The policemen arrested her . Next morning , county sheriff and county attorney took Hale back to the farm to investigate who had killed Wright .


G.Write a short passage of 150-200words in english on the topic “ Imagine Yourself to Be mrs. Hale and Tell the story “You should cover the following points :

1. What your husband told you about John Wright when he came back from the Wrights ‘ place ;

2. how you felt when you went to their house with the sheriff and his wife , the county attorney and your husband ;

3. what were the things that the county attorney said that made you unhappy

4. your feelings towards Mr. and Mrs. Wright .


Key G

“ Imagine yourself to be Mrs. Hale and tell the story “


My husband went to Mr. Wright’s place , hoping to talk with him , only to find that he was strangled on his bed . Mrs Wright said that she didn’t know who killed her husband , which made my husband feel strange .

After hearing the story , I went to Mr. Wright’s house with my husband, county att

orney , Sheriff and his wife next day . I felt nervous when I walked into the Wrights’ kitchen and a little frightened when my husband told us what he knew happened there .

County attorney looked around the kitchen , failing to find any important clues . But he said that Mrs. Wright was a poor housekeeper and didn’t have the homemaking instinct because of the fact that the kitchen was in mess , which made me unhappy . I ‘d hate men coming into other ‘s kitchen , snooping around and criticizing . I think Mrs. Wright must have spent a hard and miserable life with Mr. Wright who was miserly and never paid attention to his wife’s needs . I think it was thirty years living with Mrs. Wright that changed Mrs Wright from a lively girl into a queer woman ?
Lesson Six Trifles (Part Two )


A. ANSWER the following questions on the text : 1.what were the men looking for on the farm ?

2.What made them suspect that Mrs. Wright might have killed her husband ?

3.What did Mrs. Hale notice about Mrs. Wright’s quilt ?

what made her pull out the stitches ?

4.Do you think Mrs. Peters shared her thought ?Explain your point .

1. What do you think happened to the canary and the birdcage ?

2. why did Mrs.Hale reproach herself for not having come to visit Mrs. Wright in the past ?

3. The incident of the dead bird was important to both women . Try to explain why .

4. Why did both women want to hide the fancy box which contained the dead bird from the men ?

5. When the county attorney said to Mrs. Peters , “it’s all perfectly clear except a reason for doing it “, what was clear to him ?What was not clear to him ?

6. Was what he was not clear about clear to the two women ?

Answer A:

1. They were looking for the motive of the crime and the clues of the crime .

2. They suspected Mrs. Wright killed her husband because there was no sign of anyone having come from outside and the rope was the Wrights’.

3. Mrs. Hale noticed that there was bad sewing on one piece of quilt that Mrs. Wright was working on .

Mrs. Hale pulled out stitches because she thought that bad sewing could indicate that Mrs. Wrights’behavior was unusual.

4. Yes, because she thought Mrs. Hale should not touch bad sewing .

5. Mr.Wright broken the birdcage and wrung the canary .

6. Because Mrs’ Hale knew Mrs. Wright needed help while living with Mr. Wright ,a hard man .

7. The incident of the dead bird reminded Mrs. Peters of what happened to her kitten when she was a girl , and it also made Mrs. Hale realize the living situation of Mrs. Wright . Therefore ,they both understood why Mrs. Wright killed her husband and felt sympathic towards her .

8. Because both women felt sympathy for Mrs. Wright and they knew the dead bird would be the evidence against Mrs. Wright .

9. The county attorney was clear that it was Mrs. Wright who killed her husband , but he didn’t know why she killed her husband and why she killed

him in that strange way .

10. Yes . the two women were clear that why Mrs. Wright killed her husband and why she killed him by rope .




B. Translate the following into Chinese :

1. Mr. Henderson said coming out that what was needed for the case was a motive ; something to show anger , or –sudden feeling .

2. Locking her up in town and then coming out here and trying to get her own house to turn against her !

3. I don’t know as there’s anything so strange , our taking up our time with little things while we’re waiting for them to get the evidence .

4. Somehow we just don’t see how it is with other folks until-something comes up .

5. the two women sit here not looking at one another , but as if peering into something and at the same time holding back .

6. When they talk now it is in the manner of feeling their way over strange ground , as if afraid of what they are saying , but as if they can not help saying it .

7. If there’d been years and years of nothing , then a bird to sing to you , it would be awful –still , after the bird was still .

8. But you know juries when it comes to women .If there was some definite thing . Something to show –something to make a story about –a thing that would connect up with this strange way of doing it .---



Key b

1. 亨得森森先生说目前这案子所要查的是作案动机:愤怒或是突发的感情.

2. 把她关的城里的监狱，却到这儿来要从她家找出证据指控她。

3. 我不知道还有这样奇怪的事情，我们花时间做这些小事还要要等他们找证据。

4. 不知为什么我们总是不明白别人过得如何，直到-出了事。

5. 两个女人坐在那儿谁也不看谁， 好像在盯着什么东西看， 又同时犹豫不决。

6. 这时她俩谈话，象在一片陌生的土地上摸索，好像害怕说出他们要说的， 但又好像忍不住要说出来。

7. 如果长年累月相安无事， 有只鸟给你唱歌，那么鸟死之后，会静的吓人。

8. 但是你是了解陪审员对妇女的态度的， 如果能有具体的证据。有证据表明----能讲述------一个与这种奇怪的杀人方式联系到一起的情节。


c.Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below ,changing its form when necessary :

abash catch oneself covert go to pieces superstitious can’t help doing fidgety pleasantry keep one’s word


hold oneself back wring falter


1. Some people are very superstitious , they believe that the location of their houses have an influence on the fortune of the family .

2. The young mother was worried because the baby was fidgety in his sleep all night .

3. At the sight of their burnt down house , the old couple went to pieces .

4. If he said he would be at a certain place on a certain time , you could count on him being there . He always keep his word .

5. The participan

ts walked around exchanging pleasantry before the meeting began .

6. When she thought about what happened in the river , she was so scared that she couldn’t help trembling .

7. The girls were very curious . They kept eyeing the newcomer covertly .

8. He was angry with the unfair treatment and knew that he would not be able to hold himself back much longer .


D .Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences :

1. She ( held back , held forth ) her criticism on the plan because she needed more time to think about it .

2. Mary had an uneasy feeling that something terrible was going to happen . Was she becoming ( ignorant , superstitious ) ?

3. Ron said he would always ( remember , have on his mind ) the wonderful trip to the Great Wall .

4. The glass fell from the shelf and ( went , broke ) to pieces .

5. I like Walter and have always enjoyed his ( pleasant , pleasantry ) company .

6. “ I -----I ------didn’t ---“ clearly the kid was frightened and ( faltered , wavered) out the answer .

7. “ The boy has been doing his homework for over an hour now and is ( nervous , fidgety ) , why don’t you tell him to go out and play for a while ?

8. he was caught giving ( covered , covert ) glances at the textbook during the examination ..



E. Explain the underlined words in english :

1. Like a raw wind that gets to the bone .

2. You weren’t raised round here . were you ?

3. It might take up her mind .

4. Brings out a fancy box .

5. Catches herself , looks upstairs where steps are heard ,falters weakly .

6. We mustn’t -----take on .

7. No, Mrs. Peters doesn’t need supervising .

8. She opens box ….goes to pieces , stands there helpless .

Key E

1. like cold wind coming into the bone which makes you feel very cold .

2. brought up in this area

3. occupy her mind

4. a pretty box

5. stop speaking suddenly ,…wavered weakly

6. show intense emotion

7. It is no necessary to check Mrs. Peters

8. breaks up mentally


F. Translate the following into English :

司法官和县法官在赖特的家里找不到任何外人进入的迹象，认为赖特必定是他的妻子杀死的。 为了使陪审团的成员相信这一点，他们得找到赖特的妻子杀夫的动机，但是他们在这一点上一无所获。就在他们忙上忙下的时候，坐在厨房里的两个女人发现了包在一块绸子里，放在一个盒子中的一只死金丝雀。金丝雀是被扭断了脖子死去的。 她们能够想像，赖特太太独自和赖特这样的人在这所房子里过的是什么样的日子。她们不想让司法官看见这个装着死金丝雀的盒子。为了保护赖特太太，她们把盒子藏了起来。

Key F

the county sheriff and county attorney couldn’t find out any sign of anyone having come from the outside , and they were sure that Wright had been killed by h

is wife . In order to make juries believe the story , they had to find out Mrs . Wright’s motive for killing her husband , but they failed . While they were busy investigating ,the two women sitting in the kitchen found a dead canary which was wrapped up in a piece of silk lying in a box . The canary had been wrung to death . The two women could imagine what kind of life Mrs . Wright had spent while living with Wright in this house . They didn’t want the box containing the dead canary to be seen by sheriff and county attorney . In order to protect Mrs . Wright , they hid the box .


G.Wright a short passage of 150-200words in English on the topic “ Tell the Story from Mrs. Hale’s point of View “ You should cover the following points :

1. What you heard from your husband ;

2. What you knew about Mr. And Mrs. Wright ;

3. what you thought happened to Mr. And Mrs. Wright .

Key G

“ Tell the Story from Mrs. Hale ‘s point of View “

My husband told me that Mr. Wright was strangled on his bed and the concerned officer such as Sheriff , County attorney , thought that Mrs. Wright was the murderer , because all the evidence showed that these was no other man in the Wrights’ place when he was killed . But they just couldn’t find why Mrs. Wright killed her husband in such a strange way and what’s her motive .

I’ve known the Wrights for many years . Although we were neighbors , I seldom visited them because I didn’t like Mr. Wright . As a miserly man , he was very cold to his wife and never paid attention to her needs . That once lively Minnie Foster was the victim of the unhappy marriage .

In their kitchen I found a dead canary which had been wrung to death . I suddenly realized why Mrs. Wright strangled her husband . The cruel man killed the bird which was her only company in the house , so she killed the man in the same way he did to the bird . I could imagine what kind of miserable life the had spent with Mr. Wright . Thus , I hid the box in which there was the dead bird in sympathy .


Lesson Six Trifles (Part Two )

A. ANSWER the following questions on the text : 1.what were the men looking for on the farm ?

2.What made them suspect that Mrs. Wright might have killed her husband ?

3.What did Mrs. Hale notice about Mrs. Wright’s quilt ?

what made her pull out the stitches ?

4.Do you think Mrs. Peters shared her thought ?Explain your point .

1. What do you think happened to the canary and the birdcage ?

2. why did Mrs.Hale reproach herself for not having come to visit Mrs. Wright in the past ?

3. The incident of the dead bird was important to both women . Try to explain why .

4. Why did both women want to hide the fancy box which contained the dead bird from the men ?

5. When the county attorney said to Mrs. Peters , “it’s all perfectly clear except a reason for doing it “, what was clear to him ?What was not clear to him ?

6. Was what he was not clear a