国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪5.Cargo Transportation讲课稿
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国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)(PPT),帅建林,978-7-5663-0314-1
Balance of Payments The balance of payment = the difference between money coming into a country and money going out of the country + money flows coming into or leaving a country from other factors. favorable balance of payments VS unfavorable balance of payments
In contrast, portfolio or indirect investments, are chiefly motivated by short- to medium-term profits. They may include equity investments that do not involve an active role in management or bonds and other debt instruments issued by foreign companies and governments. As financial markets around the world become increasingly integrated in recent years, international portfolio investments have become popular with investors as a vehicle of diversification further hastening the process of international financial integration.
In contrast, portfolio or indirect investments, are chiefly motivated by short- to medium-term profits. They may include equity investments that do not involve an active role in management or bonds and other debt instruments issued by foreign companies and governments. As financial markets around the world become increasingly integrated in recent years, international portfolio investments have become popular with investors as a vehicle of diversification further hastening the process of international financial integration.
unit 6.Cargo Transportation Insurance(xin) 国际贸易与实务(周瑞琪版)
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Analysis so long as we ship all the goods during May to June, the letter of credit has not to be amended. According to UCP600 Section 31A,”unless there are other stipulations, transshipment and partial shipment is allowed”.
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Case 1: Questions:
Was it transshipment? Why? Could the seller safely get financed? Why?
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Case 1:
(1) it is transshipment. According to UCP600:”transshipment means unloading form one means of conveyance and reloading to another means of conveyance (whether or not in different modes of transport) during the carriage from the place of dispatch, taking in charge or shipment to the place of final destination stated in the credit.” While in this case, the goods were shipped by “Wuyi” on 31st, July and shipped by “Triumph” on 15th, August. Both ships were totally different, so it was transshipment.
Analysis so long as we ship all the goods during May to June, the letter of credit has not to be amended. According to UCP600 Section 31A,”unless there are other stipulations, transshipment and partial shipment is allowed”.
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Case 1: Questions:
Was it transshipment? Why? Could the seller safely get financed? Why?
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2
Case 1:
(1) it is transshipment. According to UCP600:”transshipment means unloading form one means of conveyance and reloading to another means of conveyance (whether or not in different modes of transport) during the carriage from the place of dispatch, taking in charge or shipment to the place of final destination stated in the credit.” While in this case, the goods were shipped by “Wuyi” on 31st, July and shipped by “Triumph” on 15th, August. Both ships were totally different, so it was transshipment.
国际贸易实务 英文版 第二版 pt周瑞琪 Terms of Commodity
Issues concerning quality clause in sales contract:
adopting the right way avoiding double standard being clear, practical and reasonable making use of Quality Latitude or Tolerance making price adjustment when necessary inserting seller's protecting clause when necessary
compose quality, quantity and packing clauses
properly
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4.1 Name of commodity
Significance
CISG Article 35: The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
Sale by origin
to use the name of the place of origin as the indication for quality
Example
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.Terms of Commodity
Tetracycline HCL Tablets (Sugar Coated) 250mg. B. P. 1973 China Northeast Soybean 2006 New Crop, F. A. Q: Moisture 15% max. Admixture 1% max.
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Sony Televisions Haier Refrigerators Tigerhead batteries Panasonic Television, TH-42PV65C
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
Sale by standard
when specifications or grades are laid down and proclaimed in a unified way, they become standards. Example
4.2 Quality
Definition:
refers to the intrinsic elements of commodities including the internal properties or ingredients as well as the external appearance..
G.M.Q.:
the quality of the goods offered are sufficiently good to satisfy the purposes for use or consumption which are mutually understood by the buyer and the seller used sometimes as the bottom-line of quality requirement.
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Sony Televisions Haier Refrigerators Tigerhead batteries Panasonic Television, TH-42PV65C
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
Sale by standard
when specifications or grades are laid down and proclaimed in a unified way, they become standards. Example
4.2 Quality
Definition:
refers to the intrinsic elements of commodities including the internal properties or ingredients as well as the external appearance..
G.M.Q.:
the quality of the goods offered are sufficiently good to satisfy the purposes for use or consumption which are mutually understood by the buyer and the seller used sometimes as the bottom-line of quality requirement.
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪5.Cargo Transportation.ppt
know other modes of transportation in terms of their features, suitability and freight calculation
be aware of the importance of ocean bill of lading and its different types
Minimum rate
USD150/B/L
Open rate
To be negotiated
Figure 5.1 Examples of Liner Freight Rate
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Surcharges
Bunker Surcharge
describe a range of other transportation documents stipulate delivery clause in a sales contract
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5.1 Ocean Transportation
Liner transportation Charter transportation
non-conference liners
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Liner Freight
= basic freight rate + surcharges and additional
Calculation formula of liner freight
Total Freight
= Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate
be aware of the importance of ocean bill of lading and its different types
Minimum rate
USD150/B/L
Open rate
To be negotiated
Figure 5.1 Examples of Liner Freight Rate
SEIB OF GDUFS
6
5.1.1 Liner transportation
Surcharges
Bunker Surcharge
describe a range of other transportation documents stipulate delivery clause in a sales contract
SEIB OF GDUFS
2
5.1 Ocean Transportation
Liner transportation Charter transportation
non-conference liners
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Liner Freight
= basic freight rate + surcharges and additional
Calculation formula of liner freight
Total Freight
= Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪5.Cargo-Transportation
Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit
…
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Types of air transportation
scheduled airlines chartered carriers consolidated consignment air express
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Characteristics
No fixed routes No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk
…
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Types of air transportation
scheduled airlines chartered carriers consolidated consignment air express
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Characteristics
No fixed routes No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk
国际贸易实务版)周瑞琪
在当代，国际贸易已经成为全球经济体系的核心组成部分之一。它不仅是各国经济增长的重要推动力 ，也是各国之间经济联系和合作的重要渠道。
02
第二章 国际贸易政策
贸易保护主义政策
01 02
定义与起源
贸易保护主义政策是一种经济政策，其目的是通过限制进口以保护国 内产业和工作岗位，并促进出口。该政策起源于15世纪的重商主义时 期。
供应链管理的发展趋势
1 2 3
供应链的数字化转型
随着物联网、大数据等技术的不断发展，供应 链管理正在逐步实现数字化转型，以提高供应 链的透明度和效率。
供应链协同与整合
随着市场竞争的加剧，企业需要加强供应链各 环节的协同与整合，以实现供应链的高效运转 和资源的优化配置。
绿色供应链的兴起
随着环保意识的不断提高，企业需要关注环保 问题，推动绿色供应链的发展，以实现经济效 益和环境效益的双赢。
绿色贸易的发展趋势
绿色贸易壁垒的设 置
环保技术的创新与 应用
为保护环境和促进可持续发展 ，各国正在逐步设置绿色贸易 壁垒，以限制对环境造成负面 影响的产品和服务的进口。
为推动绿色贸易的发展，企业 需要不断进行环保技术的创新 和应用，以降低生产过程中的 环境污染和对资源的浪费。
绿色供应链的普及
随着环保意识的普及和市场竞 争的加剧，企业需要关注环保 问题，推动绿色供应链的发展 ，以实现经济效益和环境效益 的双赢。
汇率风险是指因汇率波动导致企业收 益、成本或现金流发生变化的风险。 其来源主要包括外汇交易、国际结算 、跨国投资等。
预防措施
为降低汇率风险，企业可采取多种措 施，如使用对冲工具、调整外汇敞口 、选择有利货币结算等。此外，企业 还可以通过合同条款规定汇率调整条 款以降低汇率风险。
02
第二章 国际贸易政策
贸易保护主义政策
01 02
定义与起源
贸易保护主义政策是一种经济政策，其目的是通过限制进口以保护国 内产业和工作岗位，并促进出口。该政策起源于15世纪的重商主义时 期。
供应链管理的发展趋势
1 2 3
供应链的数字化转型
随着物联网、大数据等技术的不断发展，供应 链管理正在逐步实现数字化转型，以提高供应 链的透明度和效率。
供应链协同与整合
随着市场竞争的加剧，企业需要加强供应链各 环节的协同与整合，以实现供应链的高效运转 和资源的优化配置。
绿色供应链的兴起
随着环保意识的不断提高，企业需要关注环保 问题，推动绿色供应链的发展，以实现经济效 益和环境效益的双赢。
绿色贸易的发展趋势
绿色贸易壁垒的设 置
环保技术的创新与 应用
为保护环境和促进可持续发展 ，各国正在逐步设置绿色贸易 壁垒，以限制对环境造成负面 影响的产品和服务的进口。
为推动绿色贸易的发展，企业 需要不断进行环保技术的创新 和应用，以降低生产过程中的 环境污染和对资源的浪费。
绿色供应链的普及
随着环保意识的普及和市场竞 争的加剧，企业需要关注环保 问题，推动绿色供应链的发展 ，以实现经济效益和环境效益 的双赢。
汇率风险是指因汇率波动导致企业收 益、成本或现金流发生变化的风险。 其来源主要包括外汇交易、国际结算 、跨国投资等。
预防措施
为降低汇率风险，企业可采取多种措 施，如使用对冲工具、调整外汇敞口 、选择有利货币结算等。此外，企业 还可以通过合同条款规定汇率调整条 款以降低汇率风险。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版周瑞琪5CargoTransportation
non-conference liners
SEIB OF GDUFS
4
5.1.1 Liner transportation
Liner Freight = basic freight rate + surcharges and additional
Calculation formula of liner freight
Total Freight = Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate × (1+ Surcharge /Additional Rates)
Basic Freight Rate: quoted by the carrier
SEIB OF GDUFS
5
5.1.1 Liner transportation
7
5.1.1 Liner transportation
Additional
Heavy lift additional e.g. for cargo over 5 MT per unit
Lengthy cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 9m per unit
Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit
…
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8
5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
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Total Freight
= Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate
×
(1+ Surcharge /Additional Rates)
Basic Freight Rate: quoted by the carrier
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
7
5.1.1 Liner transportation
Additional
Heavy lift additional e.g. for cargo over 5 MT per unit
Lengthy cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 9m per unit
Typical Rate Basis
Examples
W: Weight Ton
USD80/Ton
M: Measurement Ton
USD80/Ton
W/M
USD80/Ton
Ad Valorem (A.V.)
0.1% of FOB Value
Unit
USD60/Unit
Head
USD15/Head
non-conference liners
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
LinerLeabharlann Freight= basic freight rate + surcharges and additional
Calculation formula of liner freight
Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit
…
SEIB OF GDUFS
8
5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
SEIB OF GDUFS
3
5.1.1 Liner transportation
Liner: definition
a vessel with regular sailings and arrivals
sailing on a fixed (regular) sailing route
calling at fixed (regular) base ports
describe a range of other transportation documents stipulate delivery clause in a sales contract
SEIB OF GDUFS
2
5.1 Ocean Transportation
Liner transportation Charter transportation
(bunker adjustment factor/BAF)
Currency Surcharge
(currency adjustment factor/CAF)
Port Congestion Surcharge
Transshipment Surcharge
Port Surcharge
…
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Solution:
W: 30kg = 0.03 M/T
M: 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.2 = 0.024 m3
W > M, “W” is the freight basis for the calculation of freight
Chapter Five
Cargo Transportation
Learning objectives
After learning this chapter you will be able to
understand the importance of ocean transportation and how liner freight is obtained
Minimum rate
USD150/B/L
Open rate
To be negotiated
Figure 5.1 Examples of Liner Freight Rate
SEIB OF GDUFS
6
5.1.1 Liner transportation
Surcharges
Bunker Surcharge
Total Freight
= Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate × (1+ Surcharge/Additional Rates)
adopting a comparatively fixed timetable
charges at comparatively fixed freight rates
freight inclusive of loading & unloading cost
Liner: types
conference liners
know other modes of transportation in terms of their features, suitability and freight calculation
be aware of the importance of ocean bill of lading and its different types