国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪5.Cargo Transportation
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Chapter 5International Cargo Transport《外贸英语》PPT课件
on to railway trucks；the roads are provided for all the road users and all that
required is the capital cost of a vehicle and payment of its running costs，while it has
crates and lighter packing may save custom duties when these are levied on
weight. But bad weather may restrict flights，costly airports are required and
and sea without unloading and reloading. The danger of damage to delicate
articles is reduced. Goods sent by air do not require packing in heavy and costly
to construct their own permanent way for railways；roads are faster than railways for
short journeys，while railways are good for the transport of large quantities of heavy
based on actual weight for heavy cargo or measurement for large volume cargo
and not affected by the value of the goods. High⁃speed means shorter periods of
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)周瑞琪1Gerneral_int
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1.4 Export and import procedures
The preparation of a transaction The negotiation of the contract The performance of the contract The settlement of disputes
Direct trade
Two parties involved: the importer and the exporter
Indirect trade
Three parties involved: the exporter, the importer and the intermediate party
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1.4.1 The preparation of a transaction
Finding the potential partner
Sources of information
Reference provided by the foreign partners The nearest consulate office International or local chamber of commerce Consulting firms Foreign exchange banks Trade directories and publications
trade realize the importance of contract
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Concept of international trade
International trade / world trade / foreign trade / overseas trade
最新国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪2.Trade Terms培训资料
“Risk” refers to accidental damage to the goods.
time: when does the risk pass from the sellers to the
buyers?
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2.2.2 Categorization of Terms
Arrival
Delivered at Frontier (…named place) Delivered Ex Ship (…named port of destination) Delivered Ex Quay (…named port of destination) Delivered Duty Unpaid (…named place of destination) Delivered Duty Paid (…named place ofSdEeIsBtionf aGtDioUnF)S
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2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2000
2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Parties involved: concerning only 2 parties -seller & buyer
Document applied: only to the contract of sale
货交承运人（…指定地点） 船边交货（ …指定装运港） 船arriage paid
Cost and Freight (…named port of destination)
成本加运费（ …指定目的港）
Cost, Insurance and Freight (…named port of destination)
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)(PPT),帅建林,978-7-5663-0314-1
Balance of Payments The balance of payment = the difference between money coming into a country and money going out of the country + money flows coming into or leaving a country from other factors. favorable balance of payments VS unfavorable balance of payments
In contrast, portfolio or indirect investments, are chiefly motivated by short- to medium-term profits. They may include equity investments that do not involve an active role in management or bonds and other debt instruments issued by foreign companies and governments. As financial markets around the world become increasingly integrated in recent years, international portfolio investments have become popular with investors as a vehicle of diversification further hastening the process of international financial integration.
In contrast, portfolio or indirect investments, are chiefly motivated by short- to medium-term profits. They may include equity investments that do not involve an active role in management or bonds and other debt instruments issued by foreign companies and governments. As financial markets around the world become increasingly integrated in recent years, international portfolio investments have become popular with investors as a vehicle of diversification further hastening the process of international financial integration.
国际贸易实务双语Chapter 5
Cargo transportation insurance is essential for businesses engaging in international trade, especially those shipping large quantities of goods by boat. Specific terms and benefits vary widely across the world and many cargo transportation insurance policies are custom tailored for specific shipments, but a few general principles apply to the entire industry.
Different types of cargo transportation insurance. Different types of cargo transportation insurance exist. There are, as a general rule, three types of cargo transportation insurance to choose from. 1. FPA (free of particular average), also known as total loss coverage. This is the minimum coverage in general use. It covers losses due to a ship or aircraft being totally lost. Partial loss is not covered, except to a limited extent and in particular circumstances. Which partial losses are covered and under what conditions vary according to national practice.
Different types of cargo transportation insurance. Different types of cargo transportation insurance exist. There are, as a general rule, three types of cargo transportation insurance to choose from. 1. FPA (free of particular average), also known as total loss coverage. This is the minimum coverage in general use. It covers losses due to a ship or aircraft being totally lost. Partial loss is not covered, except to a limited extent and in particular circumstances. Which partial losses are covered and under what conditions vary according to national practice.
国际贸易实务 英文版 第二版 pt周瑞琪 Terms of Commodity
Issues concerning quality clause in sales contract:
adopting the right way avoiding double standard being clear, practical and reasonable making use of Quality Latitude or Tolerance making price adjustment when necessary inserting seller's protecting clause when necessary
compose quality, quantity and packing clauses
properly
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4.1 Name of commodity
Significance
CISG Article 35: The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
Sale by origin
to use the name of the place of origin as the indication for quality
Example
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪5.Cargo-Transportation
Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit
…
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Types of air transportation
scheduled airlines chartered carriers consolidated consignment air express
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Characteristics
No fixed routes No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk
…
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Types of air transportation
scheduled airlines chartered carriers consolidated consignment air express
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Characteristics
No fixed routes No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk
国际贸易实务英文版第二版周瑞琪5CargoTransportation
non-conference liners
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Liner Freight = basic freight rate + surcharges and additional
Calculation formula of liner freight
Total Freight = Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate × (1+ Surcharge /Additional Rates)
Basic Freight Rate: quoted by the carrier
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Additional
Heavy lift additional e.g. for cargo over 5 MT per unit
Lengthy cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 9m per unit
Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit
…
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.Terms of Commodity
Sale by Brand Name or Trade Mark
Sale by Place of Origin
Sale by Descriptions and Illustrations
Sale by Seller’s Sample
Sale by Sample
Sale by Buyer’s Sample
to avoid misunderstanding and the subsequent disputes, however, it is recommended to lay down some major specifications
SEIB OF GDUFS源自74.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by description
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4.2 Quality stipulation –Sale by
description
Sale by standard
when specifications or grades are laid down and proclaimed in a unified way, they become standards.
describe the approaches to weight calculation
understand the functions and features of different types of export packaging
identify marking on SEIB OF the GDUFS packing of goods 2
be indicated simply by stating its grade, as presumably the seller and the buyer are supposed to have reached a consensus on the classification implication of grades.
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Total Freight = Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate × (1+ Surcharge /Additional Rates) Basic Freight Rate: quoted by the carrier
SEIB OF GDUFS5 Nhomakorabea5.1.1 Liner transportation
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Solution:
W: 30kg = 0.03 M/T M: 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.2 = 0.024 m3 W > M, “W” is the freight basis for the calculation of freight Total Freight = Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate × (1+ Surcharge/Additional Rates) = 1000 cases × 0.03 M/T × USD230 × ( 1 +10%) = USD 7590
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Additional
Heavy lift additional e.g. for cargo over 5 MT per unit Lengthy cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 9m per unit Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit …
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Types of air transportation
scheduled airlines chartered carriers consolidated consignment air express
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
12
5.1.2 Charter transportation
Specifying loading & unloading cost
Four methods: I. & O. or Liner Terms/Gross Terms: In and Out F.I. :Free In F.O.: Free Out F.I.O.: Free In and Out Or F.I.O.S.T.: Free In and Out, Stowed and Trimmed
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Lay time
also called lay day, is the period of time allowed to the charterer for the loading or unloading of goods without additional charge
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Charter party
the contract between the ship-owner (carrier) and the charterer (shipper) Contents
the contract parties the ship conditions: e.g. the ship’s name, age, nationality, tonnage voyage: e.g. ports of shipment & destination charter freight division of loading & unloading cost lay days, demurrage & dispatch freight payment terms SEIB OF GDUFS ..
Methods of stipulation
Days or running days or consecutive days Weather working days of 24 hours A weather working day of 24 consecutive hours ..
Dispatch
the amount of money paid as a bonus by the shipowner to the charterer if they get loading and unloading done ahead of schedule. normally dispatch money = ½ the demurrage
Types
voyage charter: hired based on a particular voyage time charter: the hire of a ship for a period of time bare boat charter: the hire of the vessel itself
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Demurrage
the amount of money paid as a penalty at an agreed rate by the charterer to compensate the ship-owner for his losses in case the charterer fails to have loading and unloading completed within the lay time
Typical Rate Basis W: Weight Ton M: Measurement Ton W/M Ad Valorem (A.V.) Unit Head Minimum rate Examples USD80/Ton USD80/Ton USD80/Ton 0.1% of FOB Value USD60/Unit USD15/Head USD150/B/L To be negotiated
Liner: types
conference liners non-conference liners
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Liner Freight = basic freight rate + surcharges and additional Calculation formula of liner freight
Chapter Five
Cargo Transportation
Learning objectives
After learning this chapter you will be able to
understand the importance of ocean transportation and how liner freight is obtained know other modes of transportation in terms of their features, suitability and freight calculation be aware of the importance of ocean bill of lading and its different types describe a range of other transportation documents stipulate delivery clause in a sales contract
Answer: The total freight cost is USD7590.
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Characteristics
No fixed routes No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk cargo)
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5.2 Other modes of transportation
Air Transportation Rail Transportation & Road Transportation International Multimodal Transportation Container Transportation
SEIB OF GDUFS5 Nhomakorabea5.1.1 Liner transportation
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Solution:
W: 30kg = 0.03 M/T M: 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.2 = 0.024 m3 W > M, “W” is the freight basis for the calculation of freight Total Freight = Total Quantity × Basic Freight Rate × (1+ Surcharge/Additional Rates) = 1000 cases × 0.03 M/T × USD230 × ( 1 +10%) = USD 7590
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Additional
Heavy lift additional e.g. for cargo over 5 MT per unit Lengthy cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 9m per unit Bulky cargo additional e.g. for cargo over 6cbm per unit …
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5.2.1 Air Transportation
Types of air transportation
scheduled airlines chartered carriers consolidated consignment air express
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Freight calculation: Illustration
Suppose: Company A exports 1000 cases of Commodity Y to London. The volume per case is 40cm x 30cm x 20cm, and the gross weight is 30kg per case. For Commodity Y, the freight rate basis is W/M, and the Freight Tariff (China — London) is USD230, with a 10% port surcharge. How much is the total freight?
12
5.1.2 Charter transportation
Specifying loading & unloading cost
Four methods: I. & O. or Liner Terms/Gross Terms: In and Out F.I. :Free In F.O.: Free Out F.I.O.: Free In and Out Or F.I.O.S.T.: Free In and Out, Stowed and Trimmed
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Lay time
also called lay day, is the period of time allowed to the charterer for the loading or unloading of goods without additional charge
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Charter party
the contract between the ship-owner (carrier) and the charterer (shipper) Contents
the contract parties the ship conditions: e.g. the ship’s name, age, nationality, tonnage voyage: e.g. ports of shipment & destination charter freight division of loading & unloading cost lay days, demurrage & dispatch freight payment terms SEIB OF GDUFS ..
Methods of stipulation
Days or running days or consecutive days Weather working days of 24 hours A weather working day of 24 consecutive hours ..
Dispatch
the amount of money paid as a bonus by the shipowner to the charterer if they get loading and unloading done ahead of schedule. normally dispatch money = ½ the demurrage
Types
voyage charter: hired based on a particular voyage time charter: the hire of a ship for a period of time bare boat charter: the hire of the vessel itself
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Demurrage
the amount of money paid as a penalty at an agreed rate by the charterer to compensate the ship-owner for his losses in case the charterer fails to have loading and unloading completed within the lay time
Typical Rate Basis W: Weight Ton M: Measurement Ton W/M Ad Valorem (A.V.) Unit Head Minimum rate Examples USD80/Ton USD80/Ton USD80/Ton 0.1% of FOB Value USD60/Unit USD15/Head USD150/B/L To be negotiated
Liner: types
conference liners non-conference liners
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5.1.1 Liner transportation
Liner Freight = basic freight rate + surcharges and additional Calculation formula of liner freight
Chapter Five
Cargo Transportation
Learning objectives
After learning this chapter you will be able to
understand the importance of ocean transportation and how liner freight is obtained know other modes of transportation in terms of their features, suitability and freight calculation be aware of the importance of ocean bill of lading and its different types describe a range of other transportation documents stipulate delivery clause in a sales contract
Answer: The total freight cost is USD7590.
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5.1.2 Charter transportation
Characteristics
No fixed routes No fixed timetables Freight charged on the volume of cargo Suitable for cargo of a complete shipload (e.g. bulk cargo)
SEIB OF GDUFS 15
5.2 Other modes of transportation
Air Transportation Rail Transportation & Road Transportation International Multimodal Transportation Container Transportation