当代美国社会与文化试题与答案(代保平课)
英美社会与文化考试复习题.docx
英美社会与文化复习题L Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.The two main islands of the British Isles areSamuel Johnson's dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of ___________ • A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation At present, nearly ________ of the worlds population communicate in English.A. half B ・ a quarter C. one third D. one fifth attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanicbecame the dominant religion in England• B. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityD. Roman ChristianityWestminster Abbey was built at the time of A. St. AugustineC ・ William the Conqueror The _______ marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A ・ Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C- Norman ConquestD ・ Adoption of common lawThe end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .D. the House of Lancaster The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIIFs effort to A. divorce his wife B. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ________ •A ・ Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansA. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England _______ is the capital city of Scotiand. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over A.160 B.600 C. 60 C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff million. D. 16 is the smallest. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, A. England B. Scotland C. Wales Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ________ England. A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. Northern Ireland D. southwestern English belongs to the _______ group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D ・ Roman The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of English. A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and Germanwords toC. French and ItalianD. Latin and GreekThe evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the ______B. DutchC. German A. Norman influence.D. Danish TheBy the late 7th century,A. Celtic ChristianityC ・ Germanic Christianity B. Edward the ConfessorD. Alfred the Great A. the House of Valois B. the House of York C ・ the House of TudorC.nobles and peasants D・ aristocrats and Christians_______ was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A.Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC・ Provisions of Oxford D. Magna CartaThe Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the __________ century.A.17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thBritain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the ________ century.A.17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thThe British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the ____________________________ .A. judiciary B・ legislature C. monarchy D・ executiveThe importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on __________ •A. passi ng the billsB. advising the govern me ntC・ political parties D・ public attitudeAs a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to __________ the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspectBritish Cabinet works on the principle of ________ .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivism D・ defending the individualsThe main duty of the British Privy Council is to _________ .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass bills D・ supervise the CabinetIn Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every _________ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six_______ has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A・ Wales B. England C. Scotland D. Northern IrelandGen erally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a _________ system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-party D・ multi-partyThe policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and __________ .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualismThe Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it _________ .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax system D・ enhaneed the economic developmentThe British economy achieved global dominance by the __________ ・A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880s D」890sIn ______ , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 1948The _______ in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problemOf the following practices, ________ does not belong to Thatcher's social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemployment D・ 1 owering old age pensionsThe Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except __________ ・A.limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemployment D・ reducing inequalityBritain has devoted ________ of its land area to agriculture・A.54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%Britain's important fishing areas include all the following except _________ ・A.the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around Ireland D・ The sea area between Britain and IrelandCoal mining industry in Britain provides ________ of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/3The car industry in Britain in mostly ________ .A. foreign-owned B・ state-owned C. joint-venture D. privately-ownedOf the following sectors in Britain, __________ has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agriculture B・ energy industry C. service industry D. manufacturing industryIn Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the _____________________ .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960sAbout _______ of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system・A. 5%B.6%C. 7%D. 8%Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except _____________________ •A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributionsOf the following, ________ is NOT a basis of admission to Britain's universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interview D・ school referencesTo be admitted to the Open University, one need _________ .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC・ General Certificate of Education-Advanced D. General National Vocational Qualifications Among Britain's quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the "Big Three" with the exception of . A. The Times B. The Guardian C. The Observer D. The Daily TelegraphLife on Earth is a kind of ________ program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. feature B・ drama C. documentary D. soap opera______ is Britain's top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyBOf the following, ________ is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays・A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC・ friends enjoying each other's company D. families traveling overseasThe following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ________ .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen's Christmas messageC. Boxing Day D・ Christmas pantomimeThe most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is __________ ・ A. poetryB. dramaC ・ novelD ・ pamphlet______ is viewed as Romantic poetry's "Declaration of Independence.^ A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” B. Don JuanC. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads^D. Prometheus Unbound Of Dickens 9 novels, _______ is considered autobiographical ・A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations ______ is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century ・A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas HardyOf the following statements, ________ is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century ・B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in "Art for Art's Sake".D. Treasure Island was a representative work. ______ is NOT included in the modernist group ・ A. Oscar Wild B. Virginia Woolf C. William Butler Yeats D. T. S. EliotOf the following books, _______ was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D'UrbendllesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the NativeOf the following statements, ________ is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf. A. She was a central figure of the "Bloomsbury Group"・ B ・ She experimented with stream of consciousness ・ C ・ She was an influential feminist. The U. S ・ lies in ______ North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its ________ and the Pacific to its ________ . A. northern, east, west B. central, east, west C. southern, west, eastD ・ western, east, westThe largest river in the U ・ S ・ is ______ A ・ the Missouri River C. the Ohio River Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located __________A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific Coast C ・ in New EnglandD. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.Of the following writers, ________ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. A. Samuel Beckett B. James Joyce Waiting for Godot is written by _______ A. Samuel Beckett C. William GoldingD. V. S. NaipaulThe United States has B. George Orwell C. William Golding stateson the continent.D. D. H. LawrenceA. 50B.49C. 48D. 35The state ofA. Alaska is the largest in area of all the states.B. Hawaii C ・ Texas D. FloridaB. the Mississippi RiverD. the Colorado RiverD. in the Midwest______ is located on the U・ S. -Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario・A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC.Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt LakeThe native Alaskan population includes the following except the _________ .A・ Indians B. Eskimos C. Aleuts D. BlacksThe largest minority in the United States is the ________ ・A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. AsiansThe Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularly from __________________ .A・ Europe B. Asia C. Africa D. South America The characteristic of dominant American culture is _________ .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB・ English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC・ English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD.English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classThe first successful English colony in North America was founded at _________ in ________ .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC- Jamestown, Virginia D. Plymouth, GeorgiaPilgrim Fathers are a group of ____________ who came to America to avoid persecution inEngland ・A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. ChristiansThe Seven YearsWar occurred between the _________ •A. French and American IndiansB.French and SpaniardsC・ French and British D. British and American Indians"No taxation without representation^ was the rallying slogan of _________ .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 coloniesThe first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in _________ •A. Concord B・ Lexington C. Philadelphia D. BostonIn May 1775, _________ was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of ConfederationAbraham Lincoln issued ________ to grant freedom to all slaves・A・ Declaration of Independence B. ConstitutionC. Emancipation Proclamation D・ Bill of RightsThe policy of the United States was ________ at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasementPresident ________ applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A・ Wilson B. Truman C. Roosevelt D. KennedyThe Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents ____________ •A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC・ Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon D. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson 81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in ________ .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States _________ ・A.gives the most power to CongressB.gives the most power to the PresidentC・ tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD.gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights ________ .A.defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB.guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC.is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD.has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except ________ are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights・A.freedom of religionB.the right to get into people's house by policeC・ freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one's weapon if one wishes85.All the following except ________ cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC.lhe Secretary of State D・ the President86.The following except ________ are all powers of the President.A- vetoing any bills passed by CongressB・ appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC.making lawsD.issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be _________ .A- at least 35 years oldB・ at least a 14 years5 resident of the United StatesC.bom in AmericaD.all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are ________ and ________ years respectively.A. two, four B・ two, three C. two, six D・ six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of _________ justices・A. sixB. seven C・ eight D. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by _________ ・A. all citizens of America B・ the citizens over 18 years oldC・ electors elected by the voters D. the senators and representatives9L America produces a major portion of the world's products in the following fields except •A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from ____________ to _______ , and eventually,to _______ •A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB.farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC・ colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the ________ by the British King or Queen.A. political authority B・ economic rightsC.judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of __________ .A. George Washington B・ Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution^except ______ .A・ typewriter B. telephone C. electric light D. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a "Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except ________.A. MedicareB. Food Stampscation InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About _______ of American crops are for export・A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except _________ .A.Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enteiprises・B.Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports・C・ Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D.Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99. ______ is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors 100.At present, U・S. exports account for _______ of the worlcfs total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of _________ 、secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementary D・ private102.Of the following subjects, ________ are NOT offered to elementary school students・A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC.science and social studiesD. music and physical education103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of __________ •A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, ________ are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, _________ is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S・institutions ・A.choosing the presidentB.establishing policies for administrators and facultyC.approving budget and other financial projectD.decide which student to enroll106. To get a bachelor^ degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept _______ ■A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinations C ・ working for communities D. earning a certain number of credits107. Of the following universities, ________ has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard University B ・ Massachusetts Institute of Technology C. Princeton University D ・ Yale University108. ______ is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk ・ A. The Washington Post B. The New York Times C. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109. Of the following, _________ is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks inAmerica.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112. ______ is regarded as "the father of American literature^.A. James Fennimore Cooper B ・ Ralph Waldo Emerson C ・ Thomas Jefferson D ・ Washington Irving113. Of the following, ________ is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne^s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114. Of the following, ________ is considered Herman Melville^s masterpiece ・A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller 115. Of the following, ________ is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain^s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116. Of the following writers, _______ is NOT included in the group of naturalists. A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville117. E Scott Fitzgerald's finest novel is ________ , and its theme is about ________ .A- The Great Gatsby, the American Dream B. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Ag 匕 the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature11& Of the following books, ________ is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell TollsA. the National Broadcasting System (NBS) C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) 110. The National Day of the United States falls onA. June 4thB. July 4th111. Of the following writers, ________ B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) C. June 14thD. July 14thare from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.119. Of the following writers, ________ is Not a Nobel Prize winne 匸A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O'Neil 120. ______ is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature ・A. Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James BaldwinII. State your understanding of the following questions. 1. How do British enjoy the Christmas day?Christmas is the biggest and best loved British holiday. Schools close for the holiday period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. Most British people celebrate it by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces. There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. Another tradition is the Queen's Christmas message, broadcast over the television and radio. A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christinas.2. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?First, Britain suffered great economic losses in two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material & large market for British goods, gained independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make Substantial financial contributions to NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after WWII whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production. 3. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?It is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their own internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and参考答案：1-10 A 11 -20 D 21-30 C 31-40 C 41-50 D 51-60 B 61-70 C 71-80 C 81-90 B 91-100C101-110 C111-120 CBCD D B C DBA B A C B B A C B D ABB BCD C B B C D D B B B D D C BCD CAB B C C D C D B C C C A C CCD BBC CCD DDB D C B D D A A C B A CD B D A B A C D D A DBA BAD A C D D D C B D A B B B BABequal interaction after gaining independence・ The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.4.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible. It is an outcome of the American's assertions about the equality among people.The second ideal is that of producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. Education in the U.S. is governed by state and local governments, not by the national government.The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known. Learning is not just a process of memorizing knowledge that already exists in books・ 11 is an enterprise of exploration, experimentation, analysis and synthesis・5.How is a President voted into office in America? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency・To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage , presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, every one knows who will be the n ext President as soon as the first stage is over.An open answer to the second part・6.Why can we say that Puritanism has much influence on America?a)Puritans were encouraged to read the Bible in order to better understand the God's will. Thus,education had been essential for Puritans, which education had been stressed during American history ・b)When Puritans came to America, they wanted to build "a city upon hill”—an ideal community.Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model of other nations・c)Puritans established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism, which hadhad much influence on the following generations.d)The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such asindividualism, hard work, and respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.。
美国社会与文化课后练习题(可编辑修改word版)
“美国社会与文化”课后练习题I.单选1.Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the geographic location ofthe United States of America?A.South of North America, southern temperate zone;B.South of North America, northern temperate zone;C.North of North America, northern temperate zone;D.North of South America, southern temperate zone.2.The boundary line between America and Mexico, starts from the mouth of the RioGrande River and finally ends at the seashore.A.AtlanticB. PacificC. IndianD. Oceanic3., known as the Eastern Coastal Plain, is a wide strip between the Atlantic and the Appalachians.A.Mexico seacoastB. Caribbean seacoastC. Bering seacoastD. Atlantic seacoast4.Rocky Mountains stretch all the way from to .A.Mexico, the ArcticB. Mexico, the AtlanticC. Alaska, the AtlanticD. Alaska, Mexico5.The Yellow Stone National Park is located in .A.the Grand CanyonB. the Rocky MountainsC. the Death ValleyD. the Willamette Valley6.According to functionalist perspective, which one is not mentioned as the functionof education?A.Providing custodial careB.Promoting national unityC.Reducing unemploymentD.Teaching knowledge and skills7.“Head Start” movement was conducted to .A.Give every child equal opportunity to receive education.B.Bring those who were at disadvantage to have equal opportunity to receiveeducation.C.Initiate an optional course in school.D.Improve the academic performance of students.8.Regarding the education reforms, .A.New paradigm supporters are confident in markets.B.Systemic reformers believe in consumers.C.The new paradigm and the old one are totally different.D.Both the reforms reached good result.9.Which of the following is related closely to religion?A.public schoolsB.Private schoolsmunity schoolsD.Parochial schools10.For the schools at local level, .A.the central government assigns the president.B.Voted governing board is responsible for the governance of the local school.C.The education quality is not very high-standard.D.Teachers are less-paid than the state-run schools.11.The sources of American Folk Music are .A.the British Isles and AfricaB.the British Isles and AsiaC.European countriesD.All of the above12.American Folk Music represents .A.the American IndiansB.the tribal music of primitive peoplesC.American cultureD.The western American lives13.The foremost form of Anglo-Celtic folk music is .A.church musicB.BalladryC.Tribal musicD.Harmonic music14.Bob Dylan is .A.American folk singer folksinger, banjo playerC.American singer and composerD.American folksinger and song writer15.A disc jockey is supposed to .A.Design the programs for radio stations.B.Mix different kinds of music togetheranize the dancing tuneD.Blend only certain types of music together to create new ones.16.Donkey stands for .A. Democratic PartyB. Republican PartyC. Labor PartyD. Federalist Party17.The president of the United States must be at least .A. 40 years oldB. 35 years oldC. 45 years oldD. 37 years old18.Which of the following is not considered as the cornerstone of traditionalAmerican belief?A. Individual FreedomB. Equality of OpportunityC. Material WealthD. Racial Diversity19.is responsible for the relation of the United States with foreign countries.A. congressB. presidentC. ambassadorD. chief judge20.The president can veto any bills passed by congress, unless in each housevote to override the veto.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 4/5D. 1/221.Juvenile Crime, in law, term denoting various offenses committed by children oryouths under the age of .A. 16B. 14C. 18D. 2022.Which country remains the only Western democracy that imposed the deathpenalty on some of those convicted of murder?A.CanadaB. the United StatesC. EnglandD. Germany23.The largest and best organized association standing for firearm users in Americastates, “ Guns don’t kill people, people kill people”, which is .A.NRAB. Gun ClubC. WHOD. ARA24.Series of studies clearly show that and violence are interrelated.A.RaceB. SexC. AgeD. Drugs25.The unlawful killing of a human being by a person who had an intent to kill is thedefinition of the crime of .A.MurderB. ManslaughterC. AssaultD. Battery26.What is the scientific definition of family given by sociologists?A.We are born into a family, mature in a family, form new families, and leavethem at our death. Family life is a universal human experience.B.The family is a fundamental God given institution built into the very natureof the universe.C.The family is an arbitrary cultural structure. It is a group of people heldtogether by bonds of love and affection.D.The family is a group of people who are related to one another by bonds ofblood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit,and bear and raise children.27.What is the basis for traditional family structure?A.Extended familyB.Nuclear familyC.KinshipD.Immediate family28.What are the diverse patterns of contemporary families?A.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent Households, Stepfamilies, Gay and LesbianMarriagesB.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent HouseholdsC.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Stepfamilies, Gay and Lesbian MarriagesD.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Two-Parent and One-ParentHouseholds, Gay and Lesbian Marriages29.What are the major family problems?i.Divorceii.Remarriageiii.Violenceiv.Work and Family InequalityA. (1) (2) (3)B. (1) (3) (4)C. (1) (2) (4)D. (1) (2) (3) (4)30.What are the causes for an aging American society?(1) A continued low fertility rate(2)Ever-greater life expectancy rate due to advances in medicine(3)The baby boom generation reaching old age.(4)Improved social services and more favorable public policiesA. (1) (2) (4)B. (1) (2)(3)C. (1)(2)(3)(4)D. (2)(3)(4)31.There occurred three times of immigration waves since 1620. The third wave tookplace , and the number of immigrants rose to 23,500,000, most of whom came from such South-eastern European countries as Italy and Russia.A.between 1820 and 1850B. between 1851 and 1870C. between 1871 and 1920D. between 1881 and 192032.In 1886, gave the United States the Statue of Liberty as a gesture offriendship, and since then the Statue, which is standing on an island near Ellis Island, has become a symbol of hope, lighting the way for new arrivals.A.FranceB. BritainC. GermanyD. Spain33.In recent decades, some important legislative documents have remapped the orderof American immigration policies. Among them, gave the priority to the applicants for family reunification, and since then the number of Asian immigrants has increased rapidly.A.the Immigration Act of 1965B. the Illegal Immigration ActC. the USA Patriot Act of 2001D. the Exclusion Act of 188234.Americans make active use of their legal system and take great pride in being alitigious people. The underlined part means that .A.Americans are fully aware of their legal rightsB.Americans are protective towards their legal rightsC.Americans are jealous of others’ legal rightsD.Americans are fond of taking matters to a court of law35.Like al other judges, are appointed by the president with theapproval and consent of the senate.A.the district judges B the Attorney GeneralC. Chief of JusticeD. justice of the peace36.The most important element in US economy against inflation was .A.the federal Reserve BoardB. the International Monetary FundC. the World BankD. big corporations37.The following are the strengths of the US economy except .A.the highest standard of livingB. the lowest unemployment rateC. low rate of savingsD. high productivity of US industries38.Which of the following is not included as essential elements in Americaneconomic system?A.Productivity.B. Income equality.C. Creativity.D. Stability.39.Which combination is right?A.Passing of the Social Security Act ---- post-1960B.President Nixon --- the Great SocietyC.President Carter --- the Great SocietyD.President Reagan ---- the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act40.Which of the following is not the major role that the US media is playing?A. WatchdogB. Speech RectifierC. SignalerD. Common CarrierII.名词解释1）Gold Rush2)Martin Luther King Jr.3)The New Deal4)The Great Depression5)Laissez-Faire6)Affirmative Action Program7)The Baby Boom8)The Great Society9)Racism10)Ku Klux Klan11)Original Sin (Inherent Sinfulness)12)Welfare State13)Westward Expansion14)WASP15)Rating Code16)McCarthyism17)American Dream18)the Iron Curtain19)the Marshall Plan20)Watergate Scandal21)extended family22)nuclear family23)Hispanic Americans24)Manifest Destiny25)Separation of PowersIII.Essay Questions1)How would you describe the relationship between President and Congress in theUnited States?2)Do you think economic affluence will inevitably lead to consumerism andexcessive individualism? Why or why not?3)What are the major American values? What are the changes in the Americanvalues? What are the factors that contribute to these changes?4)What is the origin of the myth of Asian Superiority? Why do you think the myth ofAsian Superiority is harmful?5)What are some of the characteristics of American education? How do Americansview the role of education in American society and in their individual life?6)America is widely accepted as the engine of the world economy. In what way doyou think the American economy has influenced and will influence the world? 7)Immigration takes place with, at least, two forces at work, namely the pull forceand the push force. Pick any one ethnic group in the United States as an example and illustrate its experience in the “pull and push” framework.8)Throughout the U.S. history, the two major parties, the Republican and theDemocratic, have been holding powers alternatively in the country. What key functions have they played in American politics? Why is it that minor parties in the U.S. have never been able to challenge the two-party system in the power struggle of American politics?9)The death penalty and gun control have been issues of bitter controversy in nationaland state politics of the United States. Discuss the reasons why Americans are so divided over these two issues, and explain how values and principles clash with each other in these two controversial issues.10)Sports, particularly football, have traditionally played a significant role inAmerican colleges and universities. What are their social, cultural, and economic implications for universities and students?Basic American values:Individual freedom --- the freedom of individuals to fulfill their own individual needsand do as they wishSelf-reliance --- being able to take care of themselves and not depend on others for supportEquality of opportunity --- having an equal chance to succeed, regardless of whethersex, race, or ageCompetition --- having to compete with others for success, rather than expecting to be given something for freeMaterial wealth --- viewing possessions as the mark of having status in the societyand as the natural reward for hard workHard work --- the belief that everyone should work hard, sometimes for very long hours, to be successful。
(完整版)美国社会与文化课后练习题
“美国社会与文化”课后练习题I. 单选1.Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the geographic location ofthe United States of America?A.South of North America, southern temperate zone;B.South of North America, northern temperate zone;C.North of North America, northern temperate zone;D.North of South America, southern temperate zone.2.The boundary line between America and Mexico, starts from the mouth of the RioGrande River and finally ends at the ___________ seashore.A. AtlanticB. PacificC. IndianD. Oceanic3. _________, known as the Eastern Coastal Plain, is a wide strip between the Atlantic and the Appalachians.A. Mexico seacoastB. Caribbean seacoastC. Bering seacoastD. Atlantic seacoast4. Rocky Mountains stretch all the way from ________ to _________.A. Mexico, the ArcticB. Mexico, the AtlanticC. Alaska, the AtlanticD. Alaska, Mexico5．The Yellow Stone National Park is located in __________.A. the Grand CanyonB. the Rocky MountainsC. the Death ValleyD. the Willamette Valley6.According to functionalist perspective, which one is not mentioned as the functionof education?A.Providing custodial careB.Promoting national unityC.Reducing unemploymentD.Teaching knowledge and skills7.“Head Start” movement was conducted to __________.A.Give every child equal opportunity to receive education.B.Bring those who were at disadvantage to have equal opportunity to receiveeducation.C.Initiate an optional course in school.D.Improve the academic performance of students.8.Regarding the education reforms, _________.A.New paradigm supporters are confident in markets.B.Systemic reformers believe in consumers.C.The new paradigm and the old one are totally different.D.Both the reforms reached good result.9.Which of the following is related closely to religion?A.public schoolsB.Private schoolsmunity schoolsD.Parochial schools10.For the schools at local level, _____________.A.the central government assigns the president.B.V oted governing board is responsible for the governance of the local school.C.The education quality is not very high-standard.D.Teachers are less-paid than the state-run schools.11.The sources of American Folk Music are _________.A.the British Isles and AfricaB.the British Isles and AsiaC.European countriesD.All of the above12.American Folk Music represents ________.A.the American IndiansB.the tribal music of primitive peoplesC.American cultureD.The western American lives13.The foremost form of Anglo-Celtic folk music is ________.A.church musicB.BalladryC.Tribal musicD.Harmonic music14.Bob Dylan is ____________.A.American folk singer folksinger, banjo playerC.American singer and composerD.American folksinger and song writer15.A disc jockey is supposed to ___________.A.Design the programs for radio stations.B.Mix different kinds of music togetheranize the dancing tuneD.Blend only certain types of music together to create new ones.16.Donkey stands for________.A. Democratic PartyB. Republican PartyC. Labor PartyD. Federalist Party17. The president of the United States must be at least ________.A. 40 years oldB. 35 years oldC. 45 years oldD. 37 years old18. Which of the following is not considered as the cornerstone of traditionalAmerican belief?A. Individual FreedomB. Equality of OpportunityC. Material WealthD. Racial Diversity19. _____ is responsible for the relation of the United States with foreign countries.A. congressB. presidentC. ambassadorD. chief judge20. The president can veto any bills passed by congress, unless ______ in each housevote to override the veto.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 4/5D. 1/221.Juvenile Crime, in law, term denoting various offenses committed by children oryouths under the age of _______.A. 16B. 14C. 18D. 2022.Which country remains the only Western democracy that imposed the deathpenalty on some of those convicted of murder?_______A. CanadaB. the United StatesC. EnglandD. Germany23.The largest and best organized association standing for firearm users in Americastates, “ Guns don’t kill people, people kill people”, which is _________.A. NRAB. Gun ClubC. WHOD. ARA24.Series of studies clearly show that ______ and violence are interrelated.A. RaceB. SexC. AgeD. Drugs25.The unlawful killing of a human being by a person who had an intent to kill is thedefinition of the crime of ______.A. MurderB. ManslaughterC. AssaultD. Battery26.What is the scientific definition of family given by sociologists?A.We are born into a family, mature in a family, form new families, and leavethem at our death. Family life is a universal human experience.B.The family is a fundamental God given institution built into the very natureof the universe.C.The family is an arbitrary cultural structure. It is a group of people heldtogether by bonds of love and affection.D.The family is a group of people who are related to one another by bonds ofblood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit,and bear and raise children.27.What is the basis for traditional family structure?A.Extended familyB.Nuclear familyC.KinshipD.Immediate family28.What are the diverse patterns of contemporary families?A.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent Households, Stepfamilies, Gay and LesbianMarriagesB.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent HouseholdsC.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Stepfamilies, Gay and Lesbian MarriagesD.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Two-Parent and One-ParentHouseholds, Gay and Lesbian Marriages29. What are the major family problems?i.Divorceii.Remarriageiii.Violenceiv.Work and Family InequalityA. (1) (2) (3)B. (1) (3) (4)C. (1) (2) (4)D. (1) (2) (3) (4)30. What are the causes for an aging American society?(1) A continued low fertility rate(2)Ever-greater life expectancy rate due to advances in medicine(3)The baby boom generation reaching old age.(4)Improved social services and more favorable public policiesA. (1) (2) (4)B. (1) (2)(3)C. (1)(2)(3)(4)D. (2)(3)(4)31.There occurred three times of immigration waves since 1620. The third wave tookplace ___________, and the number of immigrants rose to 23,500,000, most of whom came from such South-eastern European countries as Italy and Russia.A. between 1820 and 1850B. between 1851 and 1870C. between 1871 and 1920D. between 1881 and 192032.In 1886, _________ gave the United States the Statue of Liberty as a gesture offriendship, and since then the Statue, which is standing on an island near Ellis Island, has become a symbol of hope, lighting the way for new arrivals.A.FranceB. BritainC.GermanyD. Spain33.In recent decades, some important legislative documents have remapped the orderof American immigration policies. Among them, ___________ gave the priority to the applicants for family reunification, and since then the number of Asian immigrants has increased rapidly.A. the Immigration Act of 1965B. the Illegal Immigration ActC. the USA Patriot Act of 2001D. the Exclusion Act of 188234.Americans make active use of their legal system and take great pride in being alitigious people. The underlined part means that ___________.A.Americans are fully aware of their legal rightsB.Americans are protective towards their legal rightsC.Americans are jealous of others’ legal rightsD.Americans are fond of taking matters to a court of law35.Like al other judges, ___________ are appointed by the president with theapproval and consent of the senate.A. the district judges B the Attorney GeneralC. Chief of JusticeD. justice of the peace36.The most important element in US economy against inflation was____________.A. the federal Reserve BoardB. the International Monetary FundC. the World BankD. big corporations37.The following are the strengths of the US economy except __________.A. the highest standard of livingB. the lowest unemployment rateC. low rate of savingsD. high productivity of US industries38.Which of the following is not included as essential elements in Americaneconomic system?A. Productivity.B. Income equality.C. Creativity.D. Stability.39．Which combination is right?A.Passing of the Social Security Act---- post-1960B.President Nixon---- the Great SocietyC.President Carter---- the Great SocietyD.President Reagan---- the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act40．Which of the following is not the major role that the US media is playing?A. WatchdogB. Speech RectifierC. SignalerD. Common CarrierII．名词解释1）Gold Rush2) Martin Luther King Jr.3) The New Deal4) The Great Depression5) Laissez-Faire6) Affirmative Action Program7) The Baby Boom8) The Great Society9) Racism10) Ku Klux Klan11) Original Sin (Inherent Sinfulness)12) Welfare State13) Westward Expansion14) WASP15) Rating Code16) McCarthyism17) American Dream18) the Iron Curtain19) the Marshall Plan20) Watergate Scandal21) extended family22) nuclear family23) Hispanic Americans24) Manifest Destiny25) Separation of PowersIII. Essay Questions1) How would you describe the relationship between President and Congress in theUnited States?2) Do you think economic affluence will inevitably lead to consumerism andexcessive individualism? Why or why not?3) What are the major American values? What are the changes in the American values?What are the factors that contribute to these changes?4) What is the origin of the myth of Asian Superiority? Why do you think the myth ofAsian Superiority is harmful?5) What are some of the characteristics of American education? How do Americansview the role of education in American society and in their individual life?6) America is widely accepted as the engine of the world economy. In what way doyou think the American economy has influenced and will influence the world?7) Immigration takes place with, at least, two forces at work, namely the pull forceand the push force. Pick any one ethnic group in the United States as an example and illustrate its experience in the “pull and push” framework.8) Throughout the U.S. history, the two major parties, the Republican and theDemocratic, have been holding powers alternatively in the country. What key functions have they played in American politics? Why is it that minor parties in the U.S. have never been able to challenge the two-party system in the power struggle of American politics?9) The death penalty and gun control have been issues of bitter controversy in nationaland state politics of the United States. Discuss the reasons why Americans are so divided over these two issues, and explain how values and principles clash with each other in these two controversial issues.10) Sports, particularly football, have traditionally played a significant role inAmerican colleges and universities. What are their social, cultural, and economic implications for universities and students?Basic American values:Individual freedom --- the freedom of individuals to fulfill their own individual needsand do as they wishSelf-reliance --- being able to take care of themselves and not depend on others for supportEquality of opportunity --- having an equal chance to succeed, regardless of whethersex, race, or ageCompetition --- having to compete with others for success, rather than expecting to be given something for freeMaterial wealth --- viewing possessions as the mark of having status in the societyand as the natural reward for hard workHard work --- the belief that everyone should work hard, sometimes for very long hours, to be successful。
当代美国社会与文化_广东外语外贸大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
当代美国社会与文化_广东外语外贸大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.“We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; thatthey are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; thatamong these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” This quotation is from the:答案:Declaration of Independence2.The First Amendment to the Constitution guarantees all the following except___________.答案:freedom from the death penalty3.Which event directly provoked the American Revolution?答案:The Boston Tea Party incident4.Congress can make the following laws except _________________.答案:Education5.According to the Second Article of the Constitution, the minimumrequirements for being a President include the following except_________________.答案:Being a male6.In 1852, ____________ became the first state to pass compulsory education law,making attendance mandatory for those between the age of 6 and 16.答案:Massachusetts7.At college, credits can be earned by ________.答案:attending lectures or lab classes and by completing assignments andexaminations8.Which of the ethnic groups has been most unhappy with the numericalquotas in the affirmative action?答案:The whites9.__________ includes a series of political campaigns for reform on issues such asreproductive rights, maternity leave, domestic violence, equal pay, women's right to vote, and sexual harassment.答案:The Feminist Movement10.Who has direct control over the monetary policy and makes the decisionsconcerning it?答案:Federal Reserve Board11.The place in a newspaper where you could expect to see an objective newsstory about a major international event is答案:the front page12.What is the symbol of the Democrats?答案:Donkey13.The term _____________ refers to virtually any voluntary group that seeks topromote and advance its cause by the political process publicly.答案:interest group14.When must an American retire from his job?答案:no maximum age15.Which of the following is one of the traditional commercial broadcastnetworks?答案:ABC16.In America, which of the following holidays is similar to China's TombSweeping Day?答案:Memorial Day17.In 1955, the first major American theme park --- ____________, was establishedin Anaheim, California.答案:Disneyland18.Judicial review refers to the power of the federal courts to __________.答案:declare a legislative or executive act invalid if it violates the Constitution. 19._________ is the final interpreter of the Constitution.答案:The Supreme Court20.Opponents of gun control believe that __________________.答案:guns deter crime rather than cause crime。
当代美国社会与文化试题与答案(代保平课)
美国枪支管制的妨碍因素.根源：美国枪支问题的出现，是与长久以来所形成的枪支文化紧密相关。
而这种枪支文化的形成，则是由美国早期特殊的历史积淀所造就的。
16世纪，当第一批欧洲人历经艰辛来到美洲大陆后，面对着极为恶劣的外部环境。
除了抵御野兽的来袭，还要和当地印第安人对抗。
在这种混乱纷杂的环境下，当时并没有政府或者社会组织提供有效的防卫措施，唯一可以信赖的就是自身的力量，而枪支在保障人身安全方面发挥了重要的作用。
不仅如此，在北美大陆，打猎从一开始就已经成为一种谋生手段，枪支就成为猎杀野兽、维持生计的重要工具。
妨碍因素：1.利益集团的斗争NRA美国政治在很大程度上是一种利益集团政治，以布雷迪运动为首的枪支管制组织和以全美步枪协会为首的反对力量之间展开了激烈的交锋，竞相对国会施加压力。
可以说，围绕枪支问题的争夺已经变成了一种利益集团政治。
全美步枪协会被公认为是美国社会中最为强大的单一问题利益集团。
在历次国会枪支立法的过程中，全美步枪协会都扮演了核心的角色。
在全美步枪协会看来，民众持有武器的权利不得随意剥夺，反对任何形式的枪支管制，而主张严惩使用枪支犯罪的罪犯。
2.宪法修改的程序困境美国建国前后，拥有和携带枪支的权利，和言论自由一样，已被视为最珍视的个人权利之一。
而且枪支管制的问题，涉及对美国宪法第二条修正案的解释问题。
当时，共有7个州采用了"权利法案"，都含有保护民兵或者明确支持持有和携带枪支的条文规定。
近年来，在枪支问题变得突出之后，维护持枪权利的组织和人士始终依托宪法第二条修正案，反对任何的枪支管制措施。
3.民众态度的分化具体来说，妇女、城市居民、非美国本土出生者、政治上倾向自由主义者、不拥有枪支者相对更倾向于支持枪支管制，而男性、乡村居民、美国本土出生者、政治立场保守者、枪支拥有者则相对消极，不少人还采取激烈的反对态度。
而具体到地域上，城市居民出于对犯罪率上升的担忧，所以主张枪支管制的呼声就比较高涨；而在美国南部和中西部的山区，人们钟爱于打猎，也依赖枪支来防身，所以反对枪支管制的呼声相对很高。
武汉大学美国社会与文化慕课答案
武汉大学美国社会与文化慕课答案答案均来自本人收集整理，未经授权禁止转载，还需要其它答案的同学，可以直接发私哦，私都会一一回复的，评论不回复哈！1、The US is locatedA、in the Eastern HemisphereB、in the Western HemisphereC、between the Pacific and the Indian OceansD、between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean答案：in the Western Hemisphere--------------------------------2、Which is the highest mountain range in North America?A、Pacific CoastB、Rocky MountainsC、Appalachian MountainsD、Canadian Shield答案：Rocky Mountains--------------------------------3、Which event directly provoked the American Revolution?A、The France-Britain WarB、Imposition of new taxes by BritainC、The Boston Tea Party incidentD、No representation of the colonies in the British Parliament答案：The Boston Tea Party incident--------------------------------A、Benjamin FranklinB、Thomas JeffersonC、John AdamsD、Robert Livingston答案：--------------------------------5、The Gilded Age refers to an era of rapid growth and blatant corruption in the late 19th century. The name was borrowed from a novel written byA.the United States in 120s.B.the United States in early 20th century.C.the United States in 1950s.D.the United States in late 20th century.答案：B--------------------------------1、The First Article of the US Constitution gives the law-making power toA、Congress (the legislative branch)B、President (the executive branch)C、Supreme Court (he Judicial branch)D、The States答案：C 此题为细节题，根据文章“The Tournament starts each year six weeks before the first Monday in August．”可知C 为正确答案。
美国社会与文化完型题库
P20Even though the U.S.A. is all about self-reliance , individualism and self-esteem, religion is very important . A great variety of faiths are represented in the United States. Religion in itself is a value that helps keep people together.State and church are separate and religion is not taught in public school, but Christian values are often mingled into the concept of American values . This can be seen ,for example, in the Pledge of Allegiance and in sayings like”In God We Trust” and”God bless you”.Since Americans move so often,their church becomes a network where they can make new friends and be included in the community.This should not be so hard considering that the three qualities that are often emphasized as typically American are informality, a general friendliness to strangers,and a strong community feeling.P36Historically, some of the extremely wealthy Americans have made generous contributions to help others. In the early 1900s, for example, Andrew Carnegie, a famous American businessman, gave away more than $300 million to help support schools and universities and to build public libraries in thousands of communities in the United States. The motive for humanitarianism and volunteerism is strong:Many Americans believe that they should devote part of their time and wealth to religious or humanitarian causes in order to be acceptable in the eyes of God and in the eyes of other Americans. Many businesses encourage their employees to do volunteer work, and individuals may get tax deductions for money given to charity.P46The willingness to experimentand invent led to another American trait, a "cando" spirit, or a sense of o ptimism that every problem has a solution. Americans like to believe that a d ifficult problem can be solved immediately--------an impossible one may take a littlelonger. They take pride in meeting challenges and overcoming difficult obstacle s. This cando spirit has traditionally given Americans a sense of optimism about themselves and their country. Many like to say that if the United States can land a man on the moon, no problem on earth is impossible.P48Many Americans believe that when the founding fathers wrote the Constitution, they meant to ensure the right of people to own guns. They would argue that law-abiding citizens should be allowed to keep guns in their own homes. The frontier strengthened the tradition of owning guns because it was an unsettled region and settlers need guns for hunting and protection. They had to be tough, and part of the frontier legacy is the physical prowess and rugged individualismof Western movie heroes. Frontier settlers were also known for their inventiveness and their can-do spirit.P79In spite of the nation’s immigrant tradition,it still is not easy being a newc omer to the U.S.Often,there is family conflict because parents hold onto “old-country”ways while their children become Americanized.For many adult immigrants,learning English is a very difficult task.Finding a good job in this highly technological nation is another challenge.Nevertheless,most immigrants love their adopted land and live happily in it.The U.S.has given many people a sense of hope and safety that they never had before.In return,immigrants have enriched their adopted land with their skills,talents,ideas,and hard work. The U.S.A.is a strong and prosperous country largely because it is a nation of immigrants.P91American people do not like arranged marriages.Before marriage,one first goes out with someone for a while,and usually they know each other through social contract.There is not much practical consideration concerning marriage,and usually America people place priority on “love” over family background or financial conditions.How can the wedding guests know what gifts the couple wants?They can go to the department store where they can get a list from the bridal registry ,and the items on the things the couple wants to receive.On the wedding day,a ceremony is conducted by the minister and there the couple swears their lifelong devotion to each other . After the ceremony,there comes the wedding reception where the wedding guests can enjoy the food , drinks and dances.P99Sometimes, newcomers to the U.S. mistakenly conclude that Americans simply leave their elderly parents in nursing homes. Millions of middle-aged Americans members of the “sandwich generation”-take care of both their elderly parents and their children. However, for elderly people who are very ill or disabled , a nursing home may be the only alternative if their children are working and no one is home during the day to take care of them. Family members usually select a nursing home nearby so that they can visit often. Americans are constantly seeking new ways of caring for increasing numbers of older people with physical limitations.P103Most American attitudes about good manners(礼貌) relate to showing respect and consideration for others. Americans believe that all people are entitled(有资格的) to equal opportunity and respect. No one is privileged(享有特权的),and no one is worthless. A person who acts very humble(谦逊的) and timid(羞怯的) willmake his or her American friends uncomfortable. On the other hand, a domineering person will have trouble keeping American friends. A polite but assertive(独断的) manner is socially acceptable. No matter what your status is in relation to other people, feel free to look directly into his eyes and speak your true feelings. Occasionally, it is a social necessary to tell a ”white lie” and compliment(恭维，称赞) someone on something you don’t really like. But, most of the time, you can express your true opinions. Americans won’t mind if you disagree with them as long as you show respect for them and their ideas.P114The nation’s major citie s are among its most popular tourist attractions. All year round, tourists jam the streets and hotels of Manhattan; they come to see the skyscrapers(摩天大楼),visit museums, art galleries, theaters, and famous specialty shops, and eat in the elegant(优雅的) and exotic(异国的) restaurants. Besides New York, people are also attracted by cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, New Orleans, and Philadelphia. With Hollywood as the home of the American movie industry, and Disneyland, the nation’s most fabulous(极好的) amusement park, Los Angeles becomes a fascinating place for people of all ages. As for San Francisco, it is the leading seaport(港口) of the Pacific Coast(太平洋海岸). It is famous for its bridges, cable cars(缆车), breathtaking(令人窒息的) scenery and seafood. To the visitors, New Orleans has its especial attraction. With many remainders of Old Europe and the Old south, this birthplace of jazz gives people a feeling of continental flavor. Compared with other cities, Philadelphia stands as a historical place. People come here to see the Liberty Bell that had announced the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and visit the building where the nation’s Constitution had been signed.P149So why, after all these years, is the world stuck on Elvis? The answer lies in culture: Elvis Presley is American myth personified. He is greater than the sum of his songs and movies; he symbolizes the American Dream. Born in poverty, Elvis used his innate talent to rise above his condition and achieve his dream, without coming from a socially connected, politically powerful, or wealthy family. He propelled himself from an unknown hillbilly singer to international super-stardom as a rock’ n’ roll performer, only to die young and leave behind a growing legion of fans.Those fans choose to ov erlook Elvis’ drug dependency and other excessive behavior, preferring instead to recall what they see as his better nature. During his lifetime, Elvis donated money to charities and brought gifts for the poor and his family and friends. Furthermore, the hometown boy who made good never left the comfort of Memphis, always keeping close to his roots, remembering the people and places from which he came.For some, the reasons behind the continued celebration of Elvis’s life are not so mythical. So many talents today are one-hit wonders, unable to lay claim as the world’s greatest entertainer. Elvis had talent, strength, and charisma. He changed a generation. Sam Phillips, who first recorded Elvis on Sun Records, gives a simple response when asked about Elvis’s undying popularity, “Elvis has lasted because he was one of us.”。
（完整word版）《英美社会与文化》试题库
（完整word版）《英美社会与文化》试题库《英语国家社会与文化》复习资料第一部分课程考核说明1、考核目的通过考试，了解学生对本课程的基本内容、重点和难点的掌握程度，以及运用本课程的基本知识、基本方法和基本理论分析和解决实际问题的能力。
同时还考察学生在平时的学习中是否注意了理解和记忆相结合，理解和运用相结合。
2、考核方式：闭卷考试。
3、适用范围、教材和参考资料本试题库适用范围为英语本科专业。
试题命题的参照教材为An Outline Introduction to Britain and America(来安方等编著)，参考资料包括Survey of Britain and America(张奎武主编)、Understanding the US and the UK(许鲁之编著)、English-speaking Countries: A Survey(余志远主编)。
4、命题依据本试题库依据是《英美社会与文化》课程的教学大纲、教材。
5、考试要求主要考核学生对课程基本知识及概念、基本理论和基本技能的理解和应用能力。
在能力层次上，从识记、领会和应用三个角度来要求。
识记是要求学生掌握本课程的基本知识和相关概念；领会是要求学生在掌握基本理论、基本方法的基础上，能融会贯通；应用是要求学生能综合运用所学的内容，对课程中的有关问题进行讨论，作出自己的评价。
6、试题类型及结构试题类型及分数比重大致为：单项选择题（20%）+简答题（20%）+概念题（30%）+论述题（30%）。
第二部分基本概念Explain the following terms in English1. the Thames River2. Alfred the Great3. Open University4. the Glorious Revolution5. the British Commonwealth.6. the Black Death.7. Constitutional Monarchy. 8. the welfare state.9. the Magna Carta 10. the Wars of Roses11. the National Healthy Service 12. Public school13. Keynesianism 14. grammar school15. National Eisteddfod 16. the Jury System17. Bloody Mary 18. the People's Charter of 183819. Agribusiness 20. the Open Structure21. the dissenters 22. New Scotland Yard23. Sto nehenge 24. Hadrian’s Wall25. the open-field farming system 26. Heptarchy27. the Witan 28. Vikings29. the Danelaw 30. crusades31. Joan of Arc 32. the Lollards33. Enclosures 34. Star Chamber35. Renaissance 36. humanists37. the Divine Right of Kings 38. The Gunpowder Plot of 160539. the Grand Remonstrance 40. The Commonwealth41. Diggers 42. Levelers43. farmer George基本知识Ⅰ、Read the following unfinished statement on question carefully. For each unfinished statement on question foursuggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Chose the one which you think best completes the statement or answers the questions1. There are three natural Zones in Scotland. Which is the exception?A) Highlands in the north B) the Central LowlandsC) the Easters Uplands D) the Southern Uplands2. River is the most important river in ScotlandA)Tweed B)Tyne C)Thames D)Clyde3. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth in _______A) 1931 B)1991 C)1923 D)19304. The first known settlers of Britain wereA) the Iberians B) the Celts C) the Beaker Folk D) the Romans5. , the great Roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55 BC.A) Emperor Claudius B)Julius Caesar C) Alfred D) William6. At the time of the Norman Conquest, Anglo-Saxon English was headed byA) Tostig B)Godwin C) Eudemon D) Harold7. For nearly years, Britain was under the Roman occupation.A) 300 B) 400 C) 500 D) 6008. When the Hundred Years War ended in 1453, was the only part of France that was still in the hands of English.A) Flanders B) Slugs C) Calais D) Potion9 was the founder of Angevin(or Plantagenet) Dynasty.A) HenryⅠB) HenryⅡC) King John D) Edward Ⅵ10. CharlesⅠcalled his third parliament in 1628, at this parliament he was forced to accept the Petition of Right, regarded as the SecondA) Magna Carta B) Bill of Rights C) Long ParliamentD)Provisions of Oxford11. is generally regarded as the beginning of modem world history.A) The Puritan Revolution B) The RenaissanceC) The Great Charter D) The English Reformation12. The restoration of the House of Stuart happened in the year The monarch who restored wasA)1660, Charles II B)1685, James II C)1660, James IID)1685,Charles II13. is the best known of the "metaphysical poets".A)Edmund Spenser B) Philip Sidney C) John Done D) Ben Jonson14. The Tories were the forerunners of the which still bears the nickname today.A) the Liberty Party B)the Labor PartyC) the Conservative Party D)the Communist Party15. The English Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century started with the __ industry.A) coal-mining B) textile C) shipbuilding D)iron and steal16. By Britain had built up a big empire "on which the sun never set".A)1839 B)1799 C) 1900 D)190517. The Labor Party had its origins in __, which was formed in 1893 and led by Kin Hardin.A) the Labor Representation Committee B) the Independent Labor PartyC) the Conservative Party D) the Trades Union Congress18. is often referred to as the "Silicon Glen" in Britain.A) The area between London and South Wales B) Liverpooland Merseyside RegionC) The area between Glasgow and Edinburgh D) The Cambridge areas of East Anglia19. The main textile producing region of Britain are the following exceptA) Yorkshire B) Northern Ireland C) West Midlands D) Humberside20. An outstanding feature of British economic recovery in the 1803 was its .A) inflation B) length C) unemployment D) privatization21. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 underA) the Atlantic Ocean B) the North SeaC) the English Channel D) the Pacific Ocean22. The monarchy is the oldest institution of government, going back to at leastA) the 9th century B) the 8th century C) 1649 D) 168923. The main functions of Parliament are following exceptA) to pass laws B) to debate the major issues of the dayC) to advise the Sovereign to approve certain government decreesD) to examine government policy and administration24. The beginning of the Second Civil War in England was the yearA) 1645 B) 1646 C) 1647 D) 164825.The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of members of Parliament.A) 524 B) 651 C) 336 D) 61026. are the two major political parties in Britain today.A) The Labor Party and the Conservation PartyB) The Conservation Party and the Liberal PartyC) The Liberal Party and the RepublicansD) The Liberal Party and the Labor Party27. Appeals in criminal cases in English and Wales can be heard by the following courts exceptA) the Court of Appeal B) the Magistrate CourtC) the Crown Court D) the High Court28. The High Court has 3 divisions, which is the exceptA) Family Division B) Commercial DivisionC) Chancery Division D) Queen's Bench Division29. London's Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control ofA) the Lord Chancellor B) the Home SecretaryC) the Prime Minister D) the Ministry of Defence30. is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases of U. K.A) The House of Commons B) The Court of ApealC) The High Court D) The House of Lords31. of the following is not the non-contributory Social Security benefits.A) War pensions B) Maternity allowance and widow's benefitC) Child benefit D) Family credit32. The religions leader of the Church of England isA) Archbishop of Canterbury B) Archbishop of York C) Lord chancellor D) Queen33. Education is compulsory for all between the ages of and __ in Great Britain except in Northern Ireland.A) 5, 18 B) 4, 18 C) 5, 16 D) 4, 1634. National newspapers are popularly divided into 3 groups, is the exception.A) quality papers B) popular papers C) Sunday papers D) mid-market papers.35. The State-run BBC is financed from theA) commercial B) the sale of TV set C) the public funding D) the sale of TV licenses36. is the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe.A) Football B) Cricket C) Horse racing D) Snooker37. Under the old Selective System, English children who have marks in the "eleven plus"examination go on toA) grammar schools B) public school C) technical schools D) secondary modern schools38. The Puritans were originally an extreme sect.A) Catholic B) Jewish C) Orthodox D) Protestant39. Christianity was introduced into Britain byA) the Anglo-Saxons B) the Celts C) the Romans D) the Norman-French40. About percent of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attend comprehensive schools.A) 60 B) 70 C) 80 D) 9041. is the official name of the United Kingdom.A) Great Britain B) The Britain Isles C) EnglandD) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland42. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain, is the exception.A) England B) Wales C) Northern Ireland D) Scotland43. Britain is surrounded by the sea which lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off ofEurope.A) the south coast B) the west coast C) the east coast D) the north coast44. The commonest English name "Smith" comes from thename "Schmidt".A) German B) France C) Spain D) Gaelic45. brought the new religion, Christianity to Britain.A) The Anglo-Saxons B) The Romans C) The Normans D) The Celts46. When the Northumbrians submitted to the King Egbert and took him for their master in 829actually became an overlord of all the English.A) Offa B) Egbert C) Kent D) William47. Which of the following is Not true about the Anglo-Saxons?A) They divided the country into countiesB) They divided the narrow-trip 3-field farming systemC) They established the manorial systemD) They laid the foundation of the English State48. The Canterbury Tales, which describes a group of traveling into Canterbury to visitThomas Backer's tomb.A) Protestants B) Catholics C) Pilgrims D) Puritans49. The Hundred Year's War is given to the intermittent war between and that lasted from 1337 to 1453.A) France … England B) the U. S … BritainC) Germany … England D) French … Germany50. By 1453 was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.A) Slugs B) Flanders C) Poiton D) Calais51. The name Wars of the Roses was coined by the great 19th century novelistA) Sir Walter Scott B) Ben JonsonC) Edmund Spenser D) Christopher Marlowe52. Three of the following were characteristic of the Elizabethan age. Which is the exception? __A) Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith.B) Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with Parliament.C) This was the age of the adventure on the sea.D) This was the age of literature when Shakespeare lived and when English literature blossomed.53. The Renaissance began in in the early 14th century.A) Britain B) Greece C) Italy D) France54. The English Renaissance was largelyA) political B) economical C) social D) literary55. greatly influenced the early works of Shakespeare.A) Marlowe B) John Donne C) Roger Ascham D) Francis Bacon56. The most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was the Gunpowder plot of .A) 1742 B) 1605 C) 1615 D) 161157. was condemned to death and executed on a scaffold outside the windows of the Banqueting House at Whitehall on January 30, 1649.A) James I B) Charles I C) James VI D) Charles VI58. is generally regarded as the beginning of modem world history.A) The English Civil War B) The RenaissanceC) The English Reformation D) The Wars of Roses59. In the Parliament Act was passed, severely limiting the power of the lords andestablishing the Commons as the Supreme legislative body.A) 1910 B) 1911 C) 1912 D) 191360. There are mainly fanning types in Britain. And most are reared in factoryfanning.A) 5, sheep B) 6, sheep C) 5, chickens D) 6, chickens61. British motor industry is now dominated by four firms which is the exception?A) Ford B) Peugeot C) the Rover group D) Volkswagen62. Britain is the largest trading nation in the world.A) fifth B) first C) third D) fourth63. A General Election takes place at least years and MPs are elected.A) 3, 650 B) 4, 651 C) 5, 651 D) 6, 65064. The Britain Parliament consists of three parts exceptA) the Sovereign B) the CabinetC) the House of Lords D) the House of Commons65. Succession to the throne is founded on the in Britain.A) hereditary principle B) Common Law C) Statute Law D) Conventions66. The U. K is a state.A) republic B) federal C) unitary D) none of above67. The National Health Service was established in the U. K inA) 1928 B) 1938 C) 1948 D) 195868. Nearly a of government expenditure is devoted to the social security prograrm.A) 1/2 B) l/3 C)1/4 D) l/569. Except that may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinctionto member of all churches or of none.A) the Lord Chancellor B) the Prime Minister C) the HomeSecretary D) the Attorney General70. is not the Christian festival.A) Christmas B) Good Friday C) Easter D) Whit Sunday71. Unestablished churches in Britain includeA) the Anglican churches B) the Free churchesC) the Roman Catholic church D) all of the above72. Which of the following belongs to the popular papers?A) The Times B) The Guardian C) The Daily Telegraph D) The Daily Express73. The Chartist Movement was the first nation-wide __ and drew attention to serious problems.A) farmers' movement. B) trader's movementC) literature campaign D) working class movement.74. was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control.A) Henry II B) James VI C) Henry D) James I75. is the chief Christian festival.A) Easter B) Christmas C) New Year's Day D) Guy Fawkes Day76. The Queen is the centre of much ofA) the nation's ceremonial B) the ancient traditionC) the leader of society D) all of the above77. The Thatcher government adopted an economic programme known as" "A) Keynesianism B) MonetarismC) Medium-term Financial Strategy D) Long-term Financial Strategy78. The Norman Conquest refers to the Conquest of England by the Normans under in .A) William of Orange/1660 B) William of Normandy/1066C) William the Conqueror/1660 D) William III/106679. In England and Wales __ recommends the High Court andcircuit judges.A) the Secretary of State. B) the Home Secretary.C) the Attorney General. D) the Lord Chancellor.80. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A) Twelfth Night B) Othello. C) The Tempest D) Richard II81. is a mountain chain know as the "Backbone of Northern England''.A) The Pennies B) Ben Nevis C) Scafell D) None of above82. The largest lake in Britain is Longh Neagh, it is located inA) England B) Scotland C) Northern Ireland D) Wales83. part of Britain has the most rainfall.A) The northwestern B) The southeastern C) The western D) The eastern84. The most important historical monument left to us by the ancient Iberians was .A) mound B) Stonehenge C) stronghold D) the Hadrian's Wall85. The successful Roman invasion of Britain happened in A.D.A) 25 B) 35 C) 45 D) 4386. Beginning from the mid-5th century, the three most powerful tribes came to Britainexcept .A) Angles B) Saxons C) Celts D) Jutes87. William I replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxons Kings, withA) the Grand Council B) the Great CouncilC) the Private Council D) the Privy Council88. The Canterbury Tales was written byA) Geoffrey B) T. S. Eliot C) Sir Thomas Wyatt D) Sir ThomasMore89. English Parliament began to come into being in the century.A) 11th B) 12th C) 13th D) 14th90. The end of the Wars of the Roses in 1485 marked the beginning of the Dynasty.A) Plantagenet B) Tudor C) Angevin D) none of above91. The Act of union in the year 1707 united andA) England, Wales B) Wales, ScotlandC) England, Scotland D) Scotland , Northern Ireland92. The most famous of the Catholic Conspiracies against King was the Gunpowder Plotin .A) James I, 1603 B) Charles I, 1603 C) Charles I, 1605 D) James I, 160593. The protestant Reformation in England was led by King .A) Henry VIII B) Henry VII C) Edward VI D) Henry II94. was the first country of the world in which the Industrial Revolution took place.A) France B) Britain C) Germany D) the U. S. A.95. The Chartist Movement ended in the yearA) 1830 B) 1848 C) 1832 D) 185196. In Britain only __ of the population are farmers but they manage of the land area.A) 3%, 70% B) 4%, 72% C) 5%, 68% D) 6%, 74%97. There are farming types in Britain.A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 898. The Britain Constitution is made up of three laws exceptA) Statute law B) Land law C) Common law D) Conventions99. The Constitutional monarchy has been established inBritain sinceA) the Glorious Revolution of 1688 B) the Christ MovementC) the Wars of the Roses D) the Hundred Years War100. The real source of power in Parliament isA) the House of Lords B) the House of CommonsC) the Cabinet D) the King of QueenII. Give an one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.1. Who is the ancestor of the English?2. When did England begin to be Christianized?3. What was signed by King John in 1215?4. What marked the beginning of the Tudor Dynasty?5. What is the Lloyd's?6. What does the Cabinet consist of?7. What is the jury's job?8. What festival is the greatest in Britain?9. Which sport is regarded as typically English?10. Who established completely the feudal system in England?11. What is the largest lake in Britain?12. Who created the Witan, the basis of the Privy council?13. When was the Great Charter signed by King John?14. Where were oil and natural gas found in Britain?15. What are the two major Parties in Britain?16. When did the constitutional monarchy begin in Britain?17. Which types of criminal Procedure has in Scotland?18. What is the largest single employer of labor in U. K?19. At what age do men and women generally retire?21. What is the longest river in Britain?22. What is the highest mountain in Britain?23. What were the first known settlers of Britain?24. What were the Vikings?25. What was the transitional Period between the Middle Ages and Modern times?26. What was the Puritanism?27. What were the two events which most alarmed the Britain ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century?28. What were the three period of the evolution of the British economy since the WWⅡ?29. What is the main function of the House of Lords?30. What agency is the most important news agency in Britain?31. What are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?32. What is the official name of the U. K.?33. When did the peasant uprising happen in the U. K?34. What is the English Civil War also called?35. Which two groups were the Chartists divided into?36. What was Keynesianism?37. Who are the members of the House of Lords?38. What are the common features of all systems of law in Britain?39. What is the most important established church in Britain?40. Where is the home of golf?41. Which part of Britain is always fighting?42. What type of climate does Britain has?43. Who was the first Christian Emperor?44. Whose grave became a place of Pilgrimage in and beyond Chaucer's time after he wasmurdered?45. What did James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in?46. Where are the main textile producing regions in Britain?47. How is the BBC radio financed?48. What is the most famous art festival in Britain?49. What are the Christian festivals in Britain?50. What is the Character of the Scots?51. What are the principal non-Christian communities in Britain?52. Who was the first Archbishop of Canterbury?53. When was Parliament born in England?54. Who was the first Prince of Wales in English history?55. What were the Hundred Year’s War?56. Who was the greatest humanists in English history?57. Who wrote the classical work "Utopia“?58. Who was the first prime minister in English history?59. When was the cabinet system of government created?60. Who is the first female prime minister in English history?基本技能Questions for discussion：1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?2. How was the British Empire established in the 19th Century?3. What measures did the Thatcher government take to improve the nation's economy?4. What are the Periods of the evolution of British economy since the Second World War?5. What made the Beatles so different from other pop groups?6. Why and how did the Reformation happen in England?7. What do you know about the nature and consequences of the Wars of the Roses?8. What do you know about State Schools and public schools in the United Kingdom?9. How does a general election take place in Britain?10. What are the consequences of the Norman Conquest?11. What do you know about HenryⅡ?12. What are the main contents of Magna Carta?13. What do you know about Henry VII?14. How did Elizabeth I deal with the religious problem when she became Queen of England?15. What are the Historic Significance of the Bourgeois Revolution?Keys:基本知识Ⅱ.1. The Anglo-Saxons is the ancestor of the English.2. England began to be Christianized in the year of 597.3. The Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215.4. The end of the War of Roses in 1485 marked the beginning of the Tudor Dynasty.5. The Lloyd's refers to a famous insurance company in Britain.6. The cabinet consists of usually 20 most senior ministers.7. In criminal eases, the jury decides the issues of guilt or innocence.8. Christmas Day is the greatest Christian festival.9. Cricket is the most typically English sport.10. William established completely the feudal system in England.11. The Laugh Neagh is the largest lake in Britain.12.The Anglo-Saxons created the Witan.13. The Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215.14. Oil and natural gas are found under the North Sea in Britain .15. The Labor Party and the Conservative Party are the two major parties in Britain.16. The Constitutional monarchy began in 1689 when King William and Queen Mary accepted the Bill of Rights.17. There are Solemn Procedure and Summary Procedure in Scotland.18. The National Health Service is the largest single employer of labor in U.K.19. Generally , men retire at the age of 65 and women at the age of 60.20. Cricket is regarded as typically in English.21. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.22. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain of Britain.23. The Iberians is the first known Settlers of Britain.24. The Vikings were the ancient people living in North Europe.25. Renaissance was the transitional period between the Middle age and modern age26. The Puritinism noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian attitudes27. The two events were the American War of Independence and French Revolution.28. The three periods were：(1)Steady development in the 50s and 60s. (2)Economic recession in the 70s. (3)Economic recovery in the 80s.29. The main function of the House of Lords is to bring wide experience of its member into the process of law-making.30. Reuters is the most important news agency in Britain.31. The three political divisions on the island of Great Britain are England, Scotland and Wales.32. The official name of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.33. The peasant uprising happened in 138134. The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.35. The Chartists was divided into the Moral Force Chartists and the physical Force Chartists36. Keynesianism was John M. Keynes(John Maynard Keynes) economic theory.37. The House of Lords is made up of the Lords spiritual and the Lords Temporal38. One is that there is no complete code and other is the distinction made between criminal law and civil law.39. The church of England and the church of Scotland are the most important established church in Britain.40. Scotland is the home of golf.41. Northern Ireland is always fighting.42. Britain has a maritime Climate.43. Constantine was the first Christian Emperor.44. Thomas Becket's grave became a place of Pilgrimage in and beyond Chaucer' s time after he was murdered45. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in the Divine Right of Kings.46. They are the East Midlands, Yorkshire, and Humberside and Northern Ireland.47. The BBC radio broadcast is funded totally by the government.48. The most famous art festival in Britain is the EdinburghInternational Festival of Music andDrama.49. They are Christmas, Easter and Whit Sunday.50. The Character of the Scots is hospitable and generous.51. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are the Jews, the Moslems and the Buddhists.52. St. Augustine was the first Archbishop of Canterbury53. Parliament was born in 1265.54. Edward II55. It refers to the war between England and France which lasted from 1337 to 1453.56. Sir Thomas More (1478-1535)57. "Utopia“ was written by Thomas More.58. Walpole was usually considered as the first prime minister in English history.59. During GeorgeⅠ’s reign.60. Margaret Thatcher。
(完整版)美国社会与文化课后练习题
“美国社会与文化”课后练习题I. 单选1.Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the geographic location ofthe United States of America?A.South of North America, southern temperate zone;B.South of North America, northern temperate zone;C.North of North America, northern temperate zone;D.North of South America, southern temperate zone.2.The boundary line between America and Mexico, starts from the mouth of the RioGrande River and finally ends at the ___________ seashore.A. AtlanticB. PacificC. IndianD. Oceanic3. _________, known as the Eastern Coastal Plain, is a wide strip between the Atlantic and the Appalachians.A. Mexico seacoastB. Caribbean seacoastC. Bering seacoastD. Atlantic seacoast4. Rocky Mountains stretch all the way from ________ to _________.A. Mexico, the ArcticB. Mexico, the AtlanticC. Alaska, the AtlanticD. Alaska, Mexico5．The Yellow Stone National Park is located in __________.A. the Grand CanyonB. the Rocky MountainsC. the Death ValleyD. the Willamette Valley6.According to functionalist perspective, which one is not mentioned as the functionof education?A.Providing custodial careB.Promoting national unityC.Reducing unemploymentD.Teaching knowledge and skills7.“Head Start” movement was conducted to __________.A.Give every child equal opportunity to receive education.B.Bring those who were at disadvantage to have equal opportunity to receiveeducation.C.Initiate an optional course in school.D.Improve the academic performance of students.8.Regarding the education reforms, _________.A.New paradigm supporters are confident in markets.B.Systemic reformers believe in consumers.C.The new paradigm and the old one are totally different.D.Both the reforms reached good result.9.Which of the following is related closely to religion?A.public schoolsB.Private schoolsmunity schoolsD.Parochial schools10.For the schools at local level, _____________.A.the central government assigns the president.B.V oted governing board is responsible for the governance of the local school.C.The education quality is not very high-standard.D.Teachers are less-paid than the state-run schools.11.The sources of American Folk Music are _________.A.the British Isles and AfricaB.the British Isles and AsiaC.European countriesD.All of the above12.American Folk Music represents ________.A.the American IndiansB.the tribal music of primitive peoplesC.American cultureD.The western American lives13.The foremost form of Anglo-Celtic folk music is ________.A.church musicB.BalladryC.Tribal musicD.Harmonic music14.Bob Dylan is ____________.A.American folk singer folksinger, banjo playerC.American singer and composerD.American folksinger and song writer15.A disc jockey is supposed to ___________.A.Design the programs for radio stations.B.Mix different kinds of music togetheranize the dancing tuneD.Blend only certain types of music together to create new ones.16.Donkey stands for________.A. Democratic PartyB. Republican PartyC. Labor PartyD. Federalist Party17. The president of the United States must be at least ________.A. 40 years oldB. 35 years oldC. 45 years oldD. 37 years old18. Which of the following is not considered as the cornerstone of traditionalAmerican belief?A. Individual FreedomB. Equality of OpportunityC. Material WealthD. Racial Diversity19. _____ is responsible for the relation of the United States with foreign countries.A. congressB. presidentC. ambassadorD. chief judge20. The president can veto any bills passed by congress, unless ______ in each housevote to override the veto.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 4/5D. 1/221.Juvenile Crime, in law, term denoting various offenses committed by children oryouths under the age of _______.A. 16B. 14C. 18D. 2022.Which country remains the only Western democracy that imposed the deathpenalty on some of those convicted of murder?_______A. CanadaB. the United StatesC. EnglandD. Germany23.The largest and best organized association standing for firearm users in Americastates, “ Guns don’t kill people, people kill people”, which is _________.A. NRAB. Gun ClubC. WHOD. ARA24.Series of studies clearly show that ______ and violence are interrelated.A. RaceB. SexC. AgeD. Drugs25.The unlawful killing of a human being by a person who had an intent to kill is thedefinition of the crime of ______.A. MurderB. ManslaughterC. AssaultD. Battery26.What is the scientific definition of family given by sociologists?A.We are born into a family, mature in a family, form new families, and leavethem at our death. Family life is a universal human experience.B.The family is a fundamental God given institution built into the very natureof the universe.C.The family is an arbitrary cultural structure. It is a group of people heldtogether by bonds of love and affection.D.The family is a group of people who are related to one another by bonds ofblood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit,and bear and raise children.27.What is the basis for traditional family structure?A.Extended familyB.Nuclear familyC.KinshipD.Immediate family28.What are the diverse patterns of contemporary families?A.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent Households, Stepfamilies, Gay and LesbianMarriagesB.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent HouseholdsC.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Stepfamilies, Gay and Lesbian MarriagesD.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Two-Parent and One-ParentHouseholds, Gay and Lesbian Marriages29. What are the major family problems?i.Divorceii.Remarriageiii.Violenceiv.Work and Family InequalityA. (1) (2) (3)B. (1) (3) (4)C. (1) (2) (4)D. (1) (2) (3) (4)30. What are the causes for an aging American society?(1) A continued low fertility rate(2)Ever-greater life expectancy rate due to advances in medicine(3)The baby boom generation reaching old age.(4)Improved social services and more favorable public policiesA. (1) (2) (4)B. (1) (2)(3)C. (1)(2)(3)(4)D. (2)(3)(4)31.There occurred three times of immigration waves since 1620. The third wave tookplace ___________, and the number of immigrants rose to 23,500,000, most of whom came from such South-eastern European countries as Italy and Russia.A. between 1820 and 1850B. between 1851 and 1870C. between 1871 and 1920D. between 1881 and 192032.In 1886, _________ gave the United States the Statue of Liberty as a gesture offriendship, and since then the Statue, which is standing on an island near Ellis Island, has become a symbol of hope, lighting the way for new arrivals.A.FranceB. BritainC.GermanyD. Spain33.In recent decades, some important legislative documents have remapped the orderof American immigration policies. Among them, ___________ gave the priority to the applicants for family reunification, and since then the number of Asian immigrants has increased rapidly.A. the Immigration Act of 1965B. the Illegal Immigration ActC. the USA Patriot Act of 2001D. the Exclusion Act of 188234.Americans make active use of their legal system and take great pride in being alitigious people. The underlined part means that ___________.A.Americans are fully aware of their legal rightsB.Americans are protective towards their legal rightsC.Americans are jealous of others’ legal rightsD.Americans are fond of taking matters to a court of law35.Like al other judges, ___________ are appointed by the president with theapproval and consent of the senate.A. the district judges B the Attorney GeneralC. Chief of JusticeD. justice of the peace36.The most important element in US economy against inflation was____________.A. the federal Reserve BoardB. the International Monetary FundC. the World BankD. big corporations37.The following are the strengths of the US economy except __________.A. the highest standard of livingB. the lowest unemployment rateC. low rate of savingsD. high productivity of US industries38.Which of the following is not included as essential elements in Americaneconomic system?A. Productivity.B. Income equality.C. Creativity.D. Stability.39．Which combination is right?A.Passing of the Social Security Act---- post-1960B.President Nixon---- the Great SocietyC.President Carter---- the Great SocietyD.President Reagan---- the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act40．Which of the following is not the major role that the US media is playing?A. WatchdogB. Speech RectifierC. SignalerD. Common CarrierII．名词解释1）Gold Rush2) Martin Luther King Jr.3) The New Deal4) The Great Depression5) Laissez-Faire6) Affirmative Action Program7) The Baby Boom8) The Great Society9) Racism10) Ku Klux Klan11) Original Sin (Inherent Sinfulness)12) Welfare State13) Westward Expansion14) WASP15) Rating Code16) McCarthyism17) American Dream18) the Iron Curtain19) the Marshall Plan20) Watergate Scandal21) extended family22) nuclear family23) Hispanic Americans24) Manifest Destiny25) Separation of PowersIII. Essay Questions1) How would you describe the relationship between President and Congress in theUnited States?2) Do you think economic affluence will inevitably lead to consumerism andexcessive individualism? Why or why not?3) What are the major American values? What are the changes in the American values?What are the factors that contribute to these changes?4) What is the origin of the myth of Asian Superiority? Why do you think the myth ofAsian Superiority is harmful?5) What are some of the characteristics of American education? How do Americansview the role of education in American society and in their individual life?6) America is widely accepted as the engine of the world economy. In what way doyou think the American economy has influenced and will influence the world?7) Immigration takes place with, at least, two forces at work, namely the pull forceand the push force. Pick any one ethnic group in the United States as an example and illustrate its experience in the “pull and push” framework.8) Throughout the U.S. history, the two major parties, the Republican and theDemocratic, have been holding powers alternatively in the country. What key functions have they played in American politics? Why is it that minor parties in the U.S. have never been able to challenge the two-party system in the power struggle of American politics?9) The death penalty and gun control have been issues of bitter controversy in nationaland state politics of the United States. Discuss the reasons why Americans are so divided over these two issues, and explain how values and principles clash with each other in these two controversial issues.10) Sports, particularly football, have traditionally played a significant role inAmerican colleges and universities. What are their social, cultural, and economic implications for universities and students?Basic American values:Individual freedom --- the freedom of individuals to fulfill their own individual needsand do as they wishSelf-reliance --- being able to take care of themselves and not depend on others for supportEquality of opportunity --- having an equal chance to succeed, regardless of whethersex, race, or ageCompetition --- having to compete with others for success, rather than expecting to be given something for freeMaterial wealth --- viewing possessions as the mark of having status in the societyand as the natural reward for hard workHard work --- the belief that everyone should work hard, sometimes for very long hours, to be successful。
2015北理工美国社会与文化问题答案
1.How Protestantism affect American values?（1）Freedom: The desire for religious freedom was one of the strongest reasons why many colonial settlers came toAmerica.（2）Equality: Everyone can get the opportunities equally. （3）Self-improvement: one of the most important values associated with protestants is the value ofself-improvement.（4）The belief in hard work and self-discipline in pursuit of material gain and other goals（5）V olunteerism and humanitarianism.Self-improvement also includes the idea of improvingoneself by helping others.2.What are the three branches of the federal government and theirresponsibilities?○Congress---the Congress makes the laws○President---the president of the US administer the executive branch of the government.○the judicial branch--it has the judicial review power. The federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of theConstitution3.What are the major reasons for the early settlers to move to theNorth America?They came to America to avoid the religious persecution in England and to find a colony based on their religious ideals.4.Can you explain the difference between a “melting pot” and a“salad bowl”?“Salad bowl” which means it is possible to be a part of America while at the same time retaining the values, customs, languages, and cultures of the immigrants’ origin. Suppose that in a bowl of freshly tossed salad, all the ingredients are mixed together.In comparison with the “salad bowl” theory, there is the “melting pot” theory. Its basic idea presents the whole nation as one large pot. Anyone who enters the United States is automatically thrown into the “pot” where, for the following years, a process of assimilation into the American belief systems is taken place.5.What qualities do American universities look for when theydecide who will be admitted?Except the grade, the important quality is the interest in out-class activities.6.What are the four patriotic holidays of the U.S.?Independence Day;Veterans day;Memorial Day;Labor Day7.What is a bridal registry?A bridal registry is a service provided by a website or retail store to assist engaged couples in the communication of gift preferences to wedding guests.8.How has religion shaped American values?By showing you the examples of Christianity, Puritanism, and Calvinism.9.What is the Electoral College?The Electoral College is a process, not a place. The founding fathers established it in the Constitution as a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens.10.What are the characteristics of dominant American culture?It was English-speaking, western European, Protestant, and middle class in character11.What are the differences between public and private schools?Public schools are Government Provided schools that are free for all American students and Private schools are tuition-based schools forstudents offering them a better education to attend better universities.12.List three American wedding customs.○1 Wedding in church.○2 Exchange vows.○3 Exchange Rings.13.Why have entrepreneurs become business heroes to Americanpeople?（1）They succeed in building something great out of nothing. （2）They were perfect examples of the American idea of equality of opportunity in action.14.What were the two main causes of the American Civil War?(1)Slavery.(2)The Sourthern part of America wanted to form a new nation.15.What are the three kinds of financial aids that students can get inAmerican colleges?Assistantships, grants, scholarships。
英语国家社会与文化入门美国答案
美国UNIT 3 1.What is an American?He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country. He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds. ... Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. ... The American is a new man, who acts new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. 4 . In what way did Puritanism influence American culture? A. Today, Puritans are no longer in existence. But their legacies are still felt in American society and culture. For example, the Puritans hoped to build "a city upon hill" an ideal community. Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model for other nations. This sense of mission has been very strong in the minds of many Americans. B. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.UNIT 4 1 Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time? The Articles of Confederation failed because the states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other. When the Congress needed money to pay the national army or to pay debts owed to France and other nations, some states refused to contribute. The Congress had been given no authority to force any state to do anything. It could not tax any citizen. Only the state in which a citizen lived could do that. 2. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation? The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president. It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people. It also provided for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court. 3. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? If Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. That means the proposal does not become law. Congress can enact the law despite the president's views only if two-thirds of the members of both houses vote in favor of it. If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect. The president has the power to make treaties with other nations and to make all appointments to federal positions, including the position of Supreme Court justice. The Senate, however, must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. In this way theCongress can prevent the president from making unwise appointments 4．What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution? The Bill of Rights: the first 10 amendments, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were added within two years of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. These amendments remain intact today, as they were written two centuries ago. The first guarantees freedom of worship, speech and press, the rightof peaceful assembly, and the right to petition the government to correct wrongs. The Bill of Rights and subsequent constitutional amendments guarantee the American people the fullest possible opportunity to enjoy fundamental human rights.5 What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different? The United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, which evolved out of Thomas Jefferson's party, formed before 1800. The symbol of the party is the donkey. The other is the Republican Party, which was formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West, such as Abraham Lincoln, who wanted the government to prevent the expansion of slavery into new states then being admitted to the union. The symbol of the Republican Party is the elephant.UNIT 6 1. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?1. By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants lived in America.2. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a "revival" movement that sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations.3. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.4. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbade the new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion. 3 What promotes the diversity in American religion?1. The United States has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier America provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community.2. Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living, were founded in 18th and 19th century America.3. Americans with different religions live together under the same law.4. The religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress.5. In the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building.6. Continuous immigration.UNIT 8 1. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education. 答：The goal is—and has been since the early decades of the republic—to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public. Though this goal has not yet been fully achieved, it remains an ideal towardwhich the American educational system is directed. The progress which has been made is notable both for its scope and for the educational methods which have been developed in the process of achieving it. 2. How did American education begin to develop? In 1634, they opened a “lateen grammar” school, a school for those who wanted to prepare for college. In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers. In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good, which included the support of school. In 1642 and 1647, the Bay Colony passed laws requiring all parents to provide reading educating for their children. At the end of the 18th century, elementary education throughout the United States was in local hands. 3. What are the major characteristics of education in America? (1)Different education laws for different states. (2)Several levels of schooling：Elementary Schooling，Secondary Schooling and High Schooling. (3)curricula for students: there is no national curriculum in the United States. (3)Compulsory education for all students. (4)Equal education opportunities for minority groups. (5)Strong demand for higher education. (6)The complex system of higher education. Some states play a strong role in the selection of learning material for their students. Schools were asked not only to teach this new information, but to help students ask their own questions about it. The “inquiry” method of learning , focusing on solving problems rather than memorizing facts, became popular.或者3.What do you think some of the characteristics of education in America? 1. About 85% of American students attend public schools (schools supported by American taxpayers). The other 15% attend private schools, for which their families choose to pay special attendance fees. Four out of five private schools in the United States are run by churches, synagogues or other religious groups. In such schools, religious teachings are a part of the curriculum. 2. Each of the 50 states in the United States has its own laws regulating education. From state to state, some laws are similar; others are not. Education in the United States was to remain in the hands of state and local governments. 3. Americans have a strong tendency to educate their children about major public concerns—problems such as environmental pollution, nuclear issues, neighborhood crime and drugs.Unit9 1, what were the major social movement of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade? 一（1）the Civil Rights Movement, the Youth Movement, the Anti-War Movement, Free Speech Movement, Counter Culture, Women's Liberation Movement. （2）1. During World War Two, many American Negroes had a taste of life outside the South. They knew that life in the segregated South, where Negroes were prevented from working at good jobs and getting good education, was not the American way of life. 2. Women earned less money and had fewer opportunities to advance than men working in the same jobs, or they became housewives, isolated at home with their children. 3. Many young people resented traditional white male values in US society. 4. When the US army began to fight in Vietnam, many people thought the war was wrong. They did not understand why US troops were fighting in Asia.。
美国社会与文化复习题答案
美国社会与文化复习题答案一、选择题1. 美国的首都是哪里？A. 纽约B. 洛杉矶C. 华盛顿特区D. 芝加哥答案：C2. 美国的国庆日是哪一天？A. 1月1日B. 7月4日C. 12月25日D. 11月11日答案：B3. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A4. 美国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 英镑C. 美元D. 日元答案：C5. 美国的国花是什么？A. 玫瑰B. 郁金香C. 菊花D. 玫瑰答案：D二、填空题6. 美国的地理特征包括____、____和____。
答案：山脉、平原、沙漠7. 美国的人口主要由____、____和____组成。
答案：白人、黑人、拉丁裔8. 美国的两大政党是____和____。
答案：民主党、共和党9. 美国的著名文化象征包括____、____和____。
答案：自由女神像、好莱坞、麦当劳10. 美国的高等教育体系中，____和____是两种主要的学位类型。
答案：学士、硕士三、简答题11. 简述美国的多元文化特点。
答案：美国的多元文化特点体现在其人口的多样性上，包括不同种族、宗教和语言的融合。
美国是一个移民国家，吸引了来自世界各地的人们，形成了一个多元化的社会结构。
这种多元文化不仅体现在日常生活的方方面面，也反映在艺术、音乐、食物和节日庆典中。
12. 描述美国独立战争的背景和结果。
答案：美国独立战争（1775-1783年）是美国13个殖民地反抗英国统治的战争。
背景是英国对殖民地的经济压迫和政治控制，导致殖民地人民的不满。
结果是美国赢得了独立，建立了一个新的国家，即美利坚合众国。
四、论述题13. 论述美国梦的概念及其对美国社会的影响。
答案：美国梦是一个深植于美国文化中的概念，指的是通过努力工作和决心，每个人都有机会实现个人的成功和幸福。
这个概念强调了机会均等和个人主义的价值观。
美国梦对美国社会产生了深远的影响，激励了无数人追求更好的生活，促进了创新和创业精神。
美国社会与文化知识问答
美国社会与⽂化知识问答1.What is the government of the US composed of?p312.the three branches can break and counteract the powers ofthe other two through a system of ____checks _____ and ___balances ________.3.Congress is composed of two houses: __the senate ____ and_____the house __of __representatives______.4.what requirement(s) for a Senator candidate?p325.请注意以下表述的中⽂： the Department of State国务院, theTreasury Department财政部, the Department of Justice司法部, the Department of the Interior,内政部 the Department of Agriculture农业部, the Department of Larbor劳⼯部, the Department of Commerce商业部, the Department of Health and Human Services卫⽣与公众部, the Cabinet-level Department of Housing and Urban Development住房与城市发展部, the Department of Transportation交通运输部, the Department of Energy,能源部6.The judicial branch of the US government is the system of_______federal courts ________.7.The Supreme Court consists of one ______chiefjustice________ and eight______associate with __________.8.请注意以下表述的中⽂：make counterfeit money制造假币,imitate others’ trademarks模仿他⼈商标, the circuit court,巡回法庭defendant, prosecutor, the court-martial; the first three articles provide a system of “checks and balances”. The purpose is prevent any of the three branches of government --- legislative, executive, and judicial --- from becoming too powerful; bipartisanship; different views often lead to bitter factional strife between liberals and conservatives;9.what contributed to the successes of American Economy?10.请注意以下表述的中⽂：internal tariffs, Puritan ethic,Protestant ethic, skilled artisans, regular insurance premiums, profit margins, fringe benefit11.____________________ persuaded Congress to establish aprotective tariff?12.the second development of American economy was the___________________, which originated in ____firearms____ industry___________ about 1800.13.its third development was the application of __newtechnologies______________ to _______industrial___ tasks________.14.its fourth development was the emergency of ____n ew formsof business ______organization________, notably ____the bank_________ and ______corporation_________.15.___John__Adams the new president_________ ordered thegovernment to be transferred from Philadelphia to the permanent capital, Washington, D.C.16._________New York_________ is the headquarters of theUN.17.Wall Street is a famous place of ____NewYork________________ (city name).18.______Chicago___________ is called the “Great CenterMarket of the U.S.”since where farm products and manufactured goods are often exported.19.the American historical things closely associated withBoston: _ The Boston__Massacre__, __The Boston Tea Party___, ___The fight at Concord and Lexington __ and ___T he Battle of Bunker Hill______________.20.Philadelphia has long been a major center of __________,_______________, _______________ and _____________.21.the fifth largest in the US, ____________ is also the sitefor NASA.22._____________ is named the famous “Motor City”.23.请注意以下表述的中⽂：the Pentagon , theAmerican armed forces ,; New York City is the show-window of and a gateway to the U.S. ; boroughs;metropolitan area,24.请⼤家注意scenic spots章节将全部以翻译的形式出现。
美国社会与文化答案
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美国社会与文化期末考试及答案
Name: Student No.: Class:I.Brief-answer questions （本题满分35分）Passage OneEvery year, one American family in five moves to a new home. Most of these new homes are in the Sunbelt States, a nickname for the warm, sunny states of the South and Southwest. The Sun Belt has seen substantial population growth in recent decades, partly fueled by a surge in retiring baby boomers who migrate domestically, as well as the influx of immigrants, both legal and illegal. People are also moving because jobs and industries have shifted from Frostbelt to the Sunbelt. Known for its cold, frost-producing winters and heavy snowfall, the Frost Belt is generally considered to include the Northeastern United States, the Great Lakes Region and much of the Upper Midwest. For many years, the Frost Belt was the center of American economic activity, and the most populous part of the United States. However, in the past several decades, the Frost Belt had already been experiencing a stagnating population. For instance, the following states experienced the least population growth during the 1990s: District of Columbia (-5.7%), North Dakota (0.5%), West Virginia (0.8%), Pennsylvania (3.4%) and Connecticut (3.6%).This Frostbelt-Sunbelt Shift is also a shift from the previously economically and politically important Northeast to the South and West. Warmer climate, and a boom in the agriculture industry allowed for the southern third of the U.S.A. to grow by leaps and bounds economically. The climate stimulates not only agricultural growth but was also a haven for many retirees who set up retirement communities in places such as Florida and Arizona. Industries such as aerospace, defense and oil boomed in the Sun Belt. The oil industry helped propel many southern states such as T exas and Louisiana forward and tourism exploded in Florida and southern California.The economic emergence of the Sun Belt also had political ramifications. Since 1970, the Sun Belt has gained 25 electoral votes, which were shifted mainly from Northern and Midwestern states. In the next two decades, it is predicted some states will record stunning gains: Florida (+9 House seats), Texas (+8), and Arizona (+5), and the big losers are New York (-6), Ohio (-4), Pennsylvania (-4), and Illinois (-3). So the House and Electoral Vote gains and losses from region to region over the next few decades will be eye-catching, even spectacular and these figures will have enormous consequences for the economies of the various regions.1、According to the above passage, please draw rough borderlines on the U.S. map belowmarking the regions covered by Frostbelt and Sunbelt respectively. (本小题4分)2、Please categorize the following cities into Frostbelt cities (FC) and Sunbelt cities (SC).(本小题6分)Milwaukee __FC____ Austin ___SC____ Las Vegas ___SC_____Chicago ___FC____ Phoenix ___SC____ Buffalo ___FC______Houston ___SC____ Dallas __SC______ Cincinnati ___FC______ Kansas City __FC______ San Diego _____SC______ San Jose ___SC______3、Please list major factors which contribute to the rapid development of Sunbelt regions according to the above passage. (本小题4分)答：Warmer climate, and a boom in the agriculture industry allowed for the southern third of the U.S.A. to grow by leaps and bounds economically. The climate stimulates not only agricultural growth but was also a haven for many retirees who set up retirement communities in places such as Florida and Arizona. Industries such as aerospace, defense and oil boomed in the Sun Belt. The oil industry helped propel many southern states such as Texas and Louisiana forward and tourism exploded in Florida and southern California.4、How do you understand the bolded phrase “House seats”? Which House does the “House” in this passage specifically refer to? And why does the population growth or decline have an impact on the number of Seats? (本小题6分)答：Refers to the seats in the house of Representatives。
美国社会与文化练习
美国社会与文化练习All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slavesMany early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper minesThe Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George WashingtonOn July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional ConventionThe victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. YorktownTen amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are known as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. OhioDuring the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and JapanIn 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _______ as their next president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.A. Theodore RooseveltB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD. Herbert HooverMartin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader A. Boycott B. Civil RightsC. SegregationD. IntegrationThe Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate.A. the Secretary of StateB. the Chief JusticeC. the PresidentD. the Vice President_____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A. Theodore RooseveltB. George WashingtonC. FranklinD. Roosevelt D. Thomas JeffersonWhich of the following statements about American education is wrong?A Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsoryB Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals.C There are more public colleges and universities than the private onesD Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelor’s degree._____ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.A BroadwayB Wall StreetC The Fifth AvenueD Times Square____ was an actor before he became the President.A Ronald ReaganB Abraham LincolnC Herbert HooverD Jimmy CarterNew Englanders were originally known as _____, which come to stand for all Americans.A HippiesB YankeesC Uncle SamD Brother JonathanWhich sport is supposed to be America’s national sport and used to be call “American’s favorable pastime”?A baseballB basketballC footballD cricketChristmas is usually connected to ____A the reunion of a large familyB the eating of Easter eggsC the resurrection of ChristD the forgiving of other’s sinsThe largest of the ethnic minorities in America is ____A the blacksB the Mexico-AmericansC the Spanish-AmericansD the Chinese____is written by Walt Whitman.A Representative MenB English TraitsC NatureD Leaves of GrassThe following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ___.A. challenging the authority of the Pope.B. salvation through faith.C. salvation through the church.D. establishing a direct contact with God.Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. Separation of state and church.B. Respect of education.C. Intolerant moralism.D. A sense of mission.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except ____.A. George Washington.B. Thomas Jefferson.C. William PennD. Benjamin FranklinWhich of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?A. Catholics.B. Puritans.C. QuakersD. Church of England.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of ____.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennylvaniaC. the colonists in New England.D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?A. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. MarylandWhich of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, ____.A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.B. there was no Bill of Rights.C. the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens.D. a “Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution was made.Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the presidentWhich of the following is NOT a power of the president?A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur.C. The president can make laws.D. The president broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.The Bill of Rights consists of ___.A. 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment.B. 10 amendments adopted in 1787.C. 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791.D. the amendments concerning freedom of religion, of speech and of the press. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights ？A. The freedom of religion.B. The freedom of searching a person’s home by police.C. The freedom of speech and of the press.D. The right to own weapons if one wishes.When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with the People’s Republic of China?A. In 1972B. In 1973C. In 1970D. In 1971Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?A. Mathematics and languagesB. Politics and business educationC. Science and social studies.D. Music and physical educationThe expenditure in American public schools is guided by or decided by___ A. teacher B. students C. headmasters D. boards of educationIn the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?A. Elementary school, grammar schoolB. Elementary school, junior high schoolC. Elementary school, secondary schoolD. Junior high school, senior high schoolWhich of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?A. Universities and collegesB. Research institutionsC. Technical institutionsD. Undergraduate institutionsThree of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?A. Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research.B. Large universities provide students with “mainframe”computersC. Large universities offer scholarships to all studentsD, Large universities attract students with modern laboratoriesNearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions because____. A, they find it easy for them to get jobs after having gradual from one of themB. they enjoy the high prestige of these institutionsC. they like the teachers and surroundings in these institutionsD. they prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude TestsIn order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that_____.A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinationsTo get a bachelor’s degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except_____A. attending lectures and complete assignmentB. passing examinationsC. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyD. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college Powers of the American president: ①The president is the head of the executive branch（行政部门首脑）. ②He is also head of state(元首) elected by the whol nation. ③he has some legislative powers(立法权); ④he is responsible for the relations of the United States with foreign nations; ⑤he signs Bills passed by Congress into law.⑥he appoints federal officials;⑦hehas some judicial powers;⑧commander-in-chief(总司令)⑨he can serve for no more than 2 term期不超过2届。
美国社会与文化复习题
US Overall View of AmericaI Fill in the blanks.1.Since the time of independence of the United States, 48 continentalstates were added.2.Two states are separated from the continental US, that is Hawaii in the PacificOcean and Alaska to the northwest of Canada.3.In the US, there are 4 time zones form the east to west.4. “WASP” stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant5. Among the Great Lakes, Lake Michigan is the only one entirely in the UnitedStates.6. Washington, D.C is named after George Washington and Christopher Columbus.7. The country is situated mostly in central North America , withCanada_ to the north and Mexico to the south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and Atlantic Ocean to the east.8. The federal district of USA is Washington, D.C. and the largest city is NewYork City.9. Appalachian Mountains are in the eastern part and the Rocky Mountains are inthe western part.II Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.1.How many continental states were there at the time of independence of the US?A.35B. 48C. 13D.502.Which of the following was the last continental state added to the Union?A.KentuckyB.ArizonaC.PennsylvaniaD.Alaska3.Which of the following description of uniformity of American culture is not true?A.People in general share the same ideas, ideals and objectivesB.There is no real regional or class variety in speech of usage of English.C.There is not much really distinctive regional architecture or cookery.D.Generally speaking people have the same ethnic background.4. Which states are geographically separated from the American continent?A Hawaii and Alaska.B Hawaii and ArizonaC Arizona and AlaskaD Alaska and New York5. The biggest city in the US is ______ .A. Los AngelsB. New YorkC. ChicagoD. San Francisco6. Which two lakes consist of Niagara Falls?A. Lakes Superior and MichiganB. Michigan and HuronC. Huron and ErieD. Erie and Ontario7. What are the five famous symbols of American culture?A. Barbie Doll, American Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, The Statue ofLibertyB. Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty, Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, American GothicC. American Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, Coca-cola, The Statue ofLibertyD. Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty8. What are the national rose and tree of US?A. rose and palmB. rose and oakC. tulip and oakD. tulip and palmIII Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false(F).1. (T) Hawaii became the 50th states of the United States in the 1948.2. (F) The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Hispanics.3. (F) The Grand Canyon is located in the state of Colorado.4. (T) The first thirteen states of the United States mainly located along the eastern seaboard5. (T) Arizona was the last continental state which joined the Union in the 1912.6. (T) Hollywood located in Los Angels.1. Find the nicknames of the following States in the USA.Arkansas: Land of OpportunityCalifornia: Golden StateColorado: Centennial StateFlorida: Sunshine StateHawaii: Aloha StateAlaska: Land of Midnight Sun; the Last Frontier；Peninsula State Massachusetts: Old Colony State；Bay StateV Explain each item in your own words1. diversity of the peopleIt refers to the different origins of the immigrants (different ethnic backgrounds) and the differences between the first generation of immigrants and long-established Americans.2. Manhattan IslandIt is south-east part of New York City.It is the center of the City and includes things that are famous to the world: Wall Street, Fifth Avenue, Broadway, the Empire State Building, Rockefeller Centre, the United Nations Building, Central Park, Harlem and so onVI Questions for short answers1. Which was the “mother country”?The UK was considered as the mother country of the original thirteen colonies in North America.2. Why does Manhattan Island include everything that most people think of when they say “New York”?Because famous places like Wall Street, Fifth Avenue, Broadway, the Empire State Building, Rockefeller Centre, Central Park, Harlem and so on are on this island. Chapter 2 American History 2014II Questions and Answers on the Text1.Who was Christopher Columbus?He was a mariner from Italy who voyaged to North America.2.When did Columbus set sail?In 1492.3.Where and when was the first English colony founded?At Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.4.How did the early colonists in Virginia manage to earn money?They discovered a way to earn money by growing tobacco.5.Who established several settlements in New England?English Puritans.6.When did the Pilgrims cross the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower?In 1620.7.How many colonies had English settlers occupied by 1733?Thirteen8.In colonial time, which act ruled that special tax stamps to be attached to all newspapers?The stamp Act9.How did a group of patriots in 1773The Second Continental Congress1.After the first shot of the American War of independence was fired at Lexington on April19,1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in May 1775.2.It began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded a Continental Armyand Navy under the command of George Washington, and began to print paper money and opened diplomatic relations with foreign powers. It adopted on July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence which was drafted by Thomas Jefferson.The Bill of Rights1.In order to insure individual liberties, ten amendments—the bill of Rights were added to theConstitution in 17912.It guaranteed freedom of religion, a free press, free speech, the right of citizens to bear arms,protection against illegal house searches, the right to a fair trial by jury and protection against “cruel and unusual punishments”The Emancipation Proclamation1.After the Civil War began, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January1, 1863to win more support at home and abroad.2.It granted freedom to all slaves in areas still controlled by the Confederacy.Reconstruction1.After the Civil War, the US Congress put forward the program of Reconstruction, or reform, ofthe Southern states.2.The program was bitterly opposed by most Southern whites3.It ended in 1877, when new constitutions had been ratified in all southern states and allfederal troops were withdrawn from the south.The Ku Klux Klan1.After the Civil War, some southern whites formed the Ku Klux Klan.2.It was a violent secret society that hoped to protect white interests and advantages byterrorizing blacks and preventing them from making social advances.3.By 1872, the federal government had suppressed the Klan, but it revived several times in laterhistory.Franklin D. Roosevelt1. A former Democrat governor of New York state, he was elected president in 1932.2.Within the historic “Hundred Days”, he launched the New Deal program to deal with theDepression3.He explained his politics to the public in a series Depression, many Americans considered himas one of the most respected presidents in American history.The Social Security Act1.As part of the New Deal program, the Social Security Act was passed in 1935.2.It established contributory old-age and survivors’ pensions and a joint federal-state programof unemployment insurance.American HolidayI choose the correct answer.1. Thanksgiving Day dates back to 1621, the year after ____ arrived in Massachusetts.A. the BritishB. the DutchC. The CatholicsD. the Puritans2. The egg and the bunny are symbols for _____ .A. Christmas DayB. Valentine’s DayC. Easter SundayD. Halloween3. _____ is a religious holiday in the US.A. New Year’s DayB. Martin Luther King’s DayC. Valentine’s DayD. Easter Sunday4. Halloween is on ______.A. the last Friday of OctoberB. the last Sunday of OctoberC. October 30D. October 315. America’s Independence Day is on _____ .A June 4B. June 14C July 4D. July 146. Costumes and masks are worn by American people on ______ .A. New Year’s DayB. ChristmasC. Memorial DayD. HalloweenII Find the exact signals or descriptions of each holidays respectively.Valentine's Day: a festival of romance and affection by exchanging tokens of loveSt. Patrick's Day : Be sure to wear greenEaster: In Christian countries it is celebrated as a religious holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ,April Fools' Day: Play a clever (but harmless) trick or tell a joke to someone with a good sense of humorMothers' Day: carnationColumbus Day: It commemorates the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus Halloween: “Trick or treat”Thanksgiving Day: turkey Christmas: Santa Claus and his reindeersII Definition:Thanksgiving Day:It is the fourth Thursday in November, celebrates the first harvest of the Pilgrims after they survived their first winter in the new world. The theme has always been peace and plenty.Independence Day:On July 4th, celebrates the birthday of the U.S. with the signing of the Declaration of Independence.Thanksgiving Day:The fourth Thursday in November, Celebrating a Harvest of tradition. The theme has always beenpeace and plenty.Christmas:D ecember25 ,a joyful religious holiday when Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus ChristSanta Claus: -in folklore, a fat, bearded old man in a red suit who lives at the North Pole and brings children presents at Christmas;III True or False1. (F) Americans observe the Labor Day on the same day as the Chinese.2. (F) On New Years Eve, Americans usually stay at home and enjoy a family reunion.IV Answer the following question1.What is the origin of Thanksgiving Day?US EducationI Fill in the blanks.cation in the United States is provided mainly by government, with control and fundingcoming from three levels: federal, state, and local.4. American educational system gives it students three kind of courses. They are generaleducation courses, required courses and elective .5. Most American attend twelve years of primary and secondary school , with a secondaryschool diploma or certificate, a student can enter college or university.6. Study at college or university leading to the Bachelor’s Degree is known as undergraduateeducation. Study beyond the Bachelor’s Degree is known as graduate school or postgraduate education .7. Historically, higher education in the US was the way for an individual to enter a profession .II Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.1.The first American leader who suggested creating a system of free schools for all persons thatwould be publicly supported through taxes wasA.George WashingtonB.Thomas JeffersonC.John AdamsD.James Madison2.The national system of formal education in the United States differs from education systemsof other Western counties in _____ .cational institutions are primarily governed by federal ones.B.American education put emphasis on high educationC.People who receive formal education constitute relatively small percentageD.The United States has no national system or national curriculum3.All of the following is true about American education EXCEPT ______ .A.Most Children begin elementary education with kindergarten and finish secondary educationwith twelfth gradeB.Unlike most other industrialized countries, the US does not have a centralized educationalsystem on the national scale.C.Junior high school usually includes grades six and eight.D.Schooling is compulsory for all children in the US, and the age for which school attendanceis required is the same in all states.4.Which of the following is true about the difference between private and public schools?A.Private schools are schools that are provided by federal funding while public schools areprovided by state funding.B.Attending public school is compulsory while attending private school is of personal choice.C.Attending private school demands families pay tuition while public schools are free.D.Only public school could lead to the undergraduate education.5.Elementary and secondary education in the US covers _____ years.A.9B.11C.12D.146.Higher education in the US began with founding of _____ in 1636.A.Harvard UniversityB.Harvard CollegeC.William and Mary CollegeD.Stanford University7.Which of the following is unlikely to provide graduated studies?A. A state universityB.An institute of technologyC. A professional schoolD. A technical institute8.Students who want to study laws in the US must first obtain a _____ .A.high school diplomaB.bachelor’s degreeC.coeducationalD.publicly supported by taxesIII Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false(F).1.(T) In the colonial period, instruction of religion was common in both schools and collegesin America, and education was still a luxury instead of priority.2.(F) School curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are all set by the federalgovernment.3.(T) Higher education in the US has now become a right rather than privilege.4.(T) The ideal of equality of opportunity is fully realized in education in the US.5.(T) American schools stress cultivating students’independent thinking rather than thememorization of facts.6.(T) Special professions such as medicine, law, or public school administration in the USrequire graduate degrees.7.(F) American public schools are supported by taxes and controlled by the federalgovernment.8.(T)The philosophy of pragmatism is a guiding principle of the American education practice.V Explain each item in your own wordsIvy League including 8 universities, namely Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Yale UniversityCommunity college: community college offers a variety of certificates and two-year associate degree programs. Community colleges are public institutions supported in large part by government funding and taxes.VI Questions for short answers1. What will entitle American students to get the acceptance of college and university1) the conditions of application for a college education:2) student’s high school records3) recommendation from their high school teachers4) the impression they make during interview at the university5) their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs)2. Name the three principal functions of the system of higher education in the US.They are teaching, research and public service.VII Questions for discussion1. What characteristics of the higher education in America impress you most?2. How are the American values of freedom and democracy reflected in its education system?US Government and PoliticsI Fill in the blanks.1. The US presidential election is held in November each leap year, while elections for both Houses are held in November each even-numbered year.2. The state executive power is given to the governor while the federal executive power isgiven to the President3. The executive , the legislature and the judicial are three branches of the Federal government.4. The US Congress can remove a President by a special kind of political trial calledimpeachment5.In 1971, a constitutional amendment set the minimum voting age at 186.The __13th____ Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.7.Congress can override a presidential veto, but to do so, 2/3 of each chamber mustvote in favor of the bill.II Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.1.How many terms was Franklin Roosevelt elected for?A oneB TwoC ThreeD Four2.How many seats does the House of Representatives have?A 635B 100C 435D 3453.Who was the first US President resigned from office?A Andrew JohnsonB Richard NixonC Gerald FordD Jimmy Carter5.The removal of Justices can only be done through .A the PresidentB the CongressC impeachmentD the Supreme Court6. what is the most important weapon in the hand of Supreme Court?A. vetoB. Overriding a vetoC. ImpeachmentD. Judicial review.7. There are currently _____ Supreme Court justices on the bench.A. 7B. 9C. 11D. 138. The role of the American president includes the following EXCEPT _____A. command the armed forcesB. negotiate and sign treatiesC. pass lawsD. appoint certain personnel9. Each members of Congress is elected by the people of his or her state. The House of Representatives, with membership based on state populations, has _____ seats.A. 435B. 100C. 50D. 20010. ______ won the presidency four times but died shortly into his last term.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Abraham LincolnD. Franklin RooselvtIII Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false(F).1. (T) The supreme law in the US is the Constitution2. (F) The constitutional amendment in 1933 outlawed alcoholic liquor, but another amendment allowed it again in 1919.3.(F) The Supreme Court is composed of eight Justices who are appointed for life by the President with the consent of the Senate.4. (T) The basic system of law in US courts has been developed from the English Common Law.5. (F) Most of the bills introduced to Congress can eventually become law.6. (F) For the US, one of the basic principles is socialist democracyV Questions for short answers1. The duty of governors1 to carry out the laws made by the legislative assembly2 to do those things that are necessary for the conduct of government not necessarily based on specific legal powers2.The characteristic of the US Constitution1)Unlike the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution established a stronger federalgovernment. It provided for a Supreme Court and lesser federal courts, and it gave executive power to an elected president.2)The Constitution established the principle of a “balance of power”to be maintainedamong the three balances of government—the executive, the legislative and judicial.3)To prevent a powerful central government trampling on the liberties of the people, theBill of Rights were added to the Constitution in 1791.4)Thus the Constitution and the Bill of Rights struck a balance between two aspects ofAmerican politics—the need for a strong, efficient central authority and the need to ensure individual liberties.VII Questions for discussionCompared to other types of political systems, what can we learn from American design of government? Please list two sets of merits and demerits of American government.US Entertainment---MusicPART I Choose the correct answer.1. originated in the 1940s of the United States, beginning to be pop in the early 1950s and quickly becoming popular in the world.A rockB country musicC musicalD pop music2. People called as “the king of rock music”.A Michael JacksonB. Elvis Aaron PresleyC John DennverD. George Strait3. Country music is rooted in the 1920s from the traditional folk music, integrated except with .A. Gospel musicB. Celtic musicC. classical musicD. Indian music4. Michael Jackson is the second Elvis Presley, known as the .A. King of JazzB. King of RockC. King of PopD. King of Hip-hop5. Musical text by the following several parts composition except .A. lyricsB. scoreC. singersD. book/script6. Who had won four trophies at the 2010 Grammy Awards?A. Taylor SwiftB. Justin BieberC. beyonceD. Adele7. Typical African American musical styles include the following exceptA. jazzB. rock and rollC. hip hopD. folk music8. Jazz’s roots is believed to come fromA. New OrleansB. ChicagoC. HustonD. San Francisco9. In the _____, jazz became a major part of American musicA. 1920sB. 1930sC. 1980sD. 1960s10. Country music bands of the early twentieth century primarily consisted of the following instruments EXCEPT .A. the fiddleB guitarC banjoD. piano11. country music began in ______ in the 1970s.A. New York CityB. Appalachian MountainC. CaliforniaD. NashvillePART II Fill in the blanks1. Rock and roll developed out of country, blues, and R&B.2.Today subject of country music is “the good old days ”.3.Rhythm and Blues is the full transla tion of “R&B”, it still transition between Bruce and soul music.4.The Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry.III True or False Statement1. (F) Common instruments used in country music are trumpet, piano, and saxophone.2.(T) Rock’s meaning is to criticized the social problems bravely and let out to the discontent of reality.3..(T) The Broadway musical can point in the Broadway musical stage area, refers to all the approximate Broadway musical style4. (T ) Rock’n’roll is not only a form of music but also a lifestyle.5. (T ) Country music was originally played and listened to by American farmers.IV Find the exact signals or descriptions of each holidays respectively.Armstrong JazzLinkin Park RockTaylor Swift country musicJay Z Hip-hopCats OperaAmerican FamilyI. Fill in the blanks1. According to the U.S. government, a family is those people who live with others to whom they are related by blood, marriage, or adoption.2, Average American family size is 3.2 people3. The nuclear family consists of a husband, wife and their children, living in a house or apartment.4. As breadwinner, man is responsible for financial support of the home and family members.5. Millions of middle-aged Americans—members of the “sandwich generation”—take care of both their children and parents.6. Glorification of youth and indifference to the aged have left many older people alienated and alone.7. Today, more than 54% of American women work8. American children have been expected to “leave the nest” at about age _18 _, after they graduate from high school.Definition1. FamilyAccording to the U.S. government, a family is those people who live with others to whom they are related by blood, marriage, or adoption.2. The extended familyConsist of the immediate family, and other relatives connected by blood or marriage such as Grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and in-laws.V. Explanation1. List the family types of America1) The nuclear family2) The extended family3) One-parent/ single-parent family4) Blended family5) Homosexual/ gay/ lesbian family6) Dink family2. The role of man and woman in a familyMan: “breadwinner”—responsible for financial support of the home and family members. Woman: housewife—responsible for emotional support, child raising, and housekeeping. Changes: working mothers, househusbandsComposition1.What do you think are the distinct differences between Western and Chinese families?2.What challenges are single-parent families facing up with?（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
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美国枪支管制的妨碍因素.
根源：
美国枪支问题的出现，是与长久以来所形成的枪支文化紧密相关。
而这种枪支文化的形成，则是由美国早期特殊的历史积淀所造就的。
16世纪，当第一批欧洲人历经艰辛来到美洲大陆后，面对着极为恶劣的外部环境。
除了抵御野兽的来袭，还要和当地印第安人对抗。
在这种混乱纷杂的环境下，当时并没有政府或者社会组织提供有效的防卫措施，唯一可以信赖的就是自身的力量，而枪支在保障人身安全方面发挥了重要的作用。
不仅如此，在北美大陆，打猎从一开始就已经成为一种谋生手段，枪支就成为猎杀野兽、维持生计的重要工具。
妨碍因素：
1.利益集团的斗争NRA
美国政治在很大程度上是一种利益集团政治，以布雷迪运动为首的枪支管制组织和以全美步枪协会为首的反对力量之间展开了激烈的交锋，竞相对国会施加压力。
可以说，围绕枪支问题的争夺已经变成了一种利益集团政治。
全美步枪协会被公认为是美国社会中最为强大的单一问题利益集团。
在历次国会枪支立法的过程中，全美步枪协会都扮演了核心的角色。
在全美步枪协会看来，民众持有武器的权利不得随意剥夺，反对任何形式的枪支管制，而主张严惩使用枪支犯罪的罪犯。
2.宪法修改的程序困境
美国建国前后，拥有和携带枪支的权利，和言论自由一样，已被视为最珍视的个人权利之一。
而且枪支管制的问题，涉及对美国宪法第二条修正案的解释问题。
当时，共有7个州采用了"权利法案"，都含有保护民兵或者明确支持持有和携带枪支的条文规定。
近年来，在枪支问题变得突出之后，维护持枪权利的组织和人士始终依托宪法第二条修正案，反对任何的枪支管制措施。
3.民众态度的分化
具体来说，妇女、城市居民、非美国本土出生者、政治上倾向自由主义者、不拥有枪支者相对更倾向于支持枪支管制，而男性、乡村居民、美国本土出生者、政治立场保守者、枪支拥有者则相对消极，不少人还采取激烈的反对态度。
而具体到地域上，城市居民出于对犯罪率上升的担忧，所以主张枪支管制的呼声就比较高涨；而在美国南部和中西部的山区，人们钟爱于打猎，也依赖枪支来防身，所以反对枪支管制的呼声相对很高。
4.两党立场的日趋对立
共和党成为维护枪支权利的党派，而民主党则要求对枪支实施更为严格的管制。
两党的相互牵制也阻碍了联邦政府采取更有有力的枪支管制措施。
综上所述，枪支管制早已不是一个简单的社会问题。
关于枪支管制的争论，实际上涉
及到公民权利、国家管理的权力与公共秩序维护之间的关系问题。
文化传统、价值观念、法定权利、利益集团政治和党派之争等多种因素也交织其中，显得异常复杂。
不难想象，美国的枪支管制运动将是一个曲折、渐进而漫长的过程。
一.美国毒品泛滥的原因
1．地理条件的原因：
美国与世界三大毒品生产基地之一的南美洲的“金新月”地带只有一海之隔，这一地区是世界上最大的可卡因产地，占全世界可卡因产量的90％以上。
此外，拉美地区，特别是哥伦比亚和墨西哥还是全世界大麻和海洛因的主要产地之一。
“毒品经济”在这一地区部分国家的
国民经济中占有相当的比重，形成了独特的“黑色支柱产业”。
2．社会原因：
（1）“吸毒”概念的模糊和“药品文化”的误导。
美国是一个药品充斥的国家，65％以上的人习惯于服用大麻来消除疼痛。
（2）美国体制中没有坚固的哲学基础反对吸毒。
美国体制的精髓和主旨是维护个人的权利和自由，因此，禁毒行动与美国人的基本价值观存在冲突。
（3）社会价值体系的变化推动了毒品蔓延。
进入后工业社会后，人们的追求从生产转向了消费，从储蓄转向了花销，从劳动转向了休闲。
享乐主义之风开始盛行。
（4）社会问题的恶化使吸毒现象难以避免。
就业问题，贫富差距使美国人民对社会前途倍感焦虑，由于毒品具有兴奋神经、缓解心理紧张的功效，吸毒便成为许多失意者的选择。
2．毒品问题发展的新特点
（1）.青少年吸毒现象的大幅度上升。
出生于90年代的美国青少年，是美国人中精神与情感严重“先天不足”的一代，面临着家庭关系不和，社会经济衰退的双重压力，这是导致吸毒问题出现上升的主要原因。
（2）.吸毒合法呼声加强。
毒品合法化之争在美国由来已久，早在70年代，美国嬉皮士运动提出的主要口号之一就是“吸大麻”。
然而，目前在美国社会出现的毒品合法化的主张虽然也包含允许人们自由使用毒品的含义，但是，其目的是要“以毒攻毒”，通过解禁毒品来控制毒品。
其理论支持有：1．禁毒导致更多的暴力与犯罪。
2．禁毒导致毒品毒性更强。
3．禁毒导致财富的浪费。
4．禁毒导致对人的自由和权力的侵犯。
5．进度导致一系列外交纠纷。
而且随着毒品在全世界的迅速蔓延和禁毒难度的不断加大，赞同毒品合法化的人数还会有所增加。
对美国电影的感受
在网上见过这样一句话说：为什么美国电影都是科幻剧，中国电影都是穿越剧？因为一个没有过去，一个没有未来。
确实如此，因为一个国家的文化包含了社会的方方面面，例如：政治、经济、人文、地理等，要了解一个国家的文化，电影就是很具有代表性的角度。
美国电影以好莱坞为中心，商业电影为主，文艺片以及其他多元化影片共存。
其原因与美国的社会文化不可分离。
美国文化的主要内容是强调个人价值，追求民主自由，其核心是个人中心主义：个人至上、私欲至上、追求个人利益和个人享受，强调通过个人奋斗、个人自我设计，追求个人价值的最终实现。
美国公众注重成就，仰慕英雄，有深厚的成就崇拜和英雄崇拜的心理积淀。
个人成就是所有美国人价值观中评价最高的价值之一。
那么美国电影有什么特点？
一：关注现实
尽管科幻、魔幻题材电影盛行，但美国电影学院的一贯标准是：有重大创造性意义，影片创作基础和主题属于美国。
尽管《阿凡达》场面宏大、技术炫目，但好莱坞必须负责输出美国价值观，所以他的热门题材永远聚焦在美国民众最关心的问题上。
从《拯救大兵瑞恩》到《珍珠港》都体现了这一点。
二：个人英雄主义
即使你不是“铁杆儿”美国电影迷，提及oo7、碟中谍、超人、蝙蝠侠、蜘蛛侠等等，想必你也不会陌生。
每个人都渴望是自己的生命绽放出最大光芒，都渴望将自己的人生价值发挥到极致。
在每一个人心中，每一个民族心中都有一个英雄。
而美国电影就把美国的这一梦想展现在了全世界面前。
美国从苏联解体后就一直保持着世界第一的霸主地位，所谓“力量越大，
责任也越大”，因而美国也就将自己定位成“太平洋的警察”的角色。
但凡地球范围之内事宜都与我有关，都与我想连。
美国没有太强的边疆意识，因为他们的眼光放眼全球，也造成了美国带个人主义色彩的电影先是挽救国家命运，到后来就成救世主了。
英雄主义电影反映的基本成了美国政治、外交策略的翻版。
银幕中的那些英雄形象也俨然成了美国梦的代名词，电影成了美国政治目标的外化。
三：具有名族性和世界性
美国精神中总有一种独特的东西存在，这就是执着到近乎顽固的独立。
这大概是移民国家的特色——在政权和宗教之外保持一种人格上的自足与自尊，始终被美国人视为民族精神的核心。
在《史密斯先生到华盛顿》一片中，卡普拉把镜头对准了国会山、林肯纪念堂和刻有《葛底斯堡演讲》的石碑，将这些象征着美国价值观中最崇高部分的事物，与现实政治中的污浊和腐败进行了对比，然后通过正直、单纯的青年议员史密斯以及一群孩子的力量重新拨乱反正。
最典型的例子，莫过于《拯救大兵瑞恩》和《蜘蛛侠》中高高飘扬的星条旗。
而影片《肖申克的救赎》则体现了美利坚立国的根本，即以“自我救赎”为内核的新教精神。
与此同时，中国电影近年来也在不断发展，中国元素也开始在美国电影中崭露头角。
2000年，李安导演的《卧虎藏龙》在美国重新掀起了“功夫”的热潮。
然而经过近半个世纪的扎根与培植，中国传统的“功夫”更多地被分解成若干元素，渗透到了《黑客帝国》这样的好莱坞类型片中，而较少以纯粹的“中国功夫片”的形式出现在美国银幕上。
总之，电影是一只双面镜，美国人通过它看世界，我们通过它看美国。