自然主义 德莱赛 嘉莉妹妹 欲望三部曲

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Naturalism Vs. Realism
As a historian of manners , the realists treat their novels as records of men and manners. The naturalists treat their novels as demonstration of the general theory of human conduct.
The Titan (1914) 《巨人》
The Stoic (1947) 《斯多噶》 The "Genius" (1915) 《天才》
《欲望三部曲》(Trilogy
of Desire)
Free and Other Stories (1918) 《自由》 Twelve Men (1919) 《十二个男人》 An American Tragedy (1925) 《美国的悲剧》
Theodore Dreiser
西奥多· 德莱塞
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Theodore Dreiser
1871---1954 Born in Indiana ,the 9th child Of German-speaking parents Occupation: novelist, journalist
Tragic America （1931）《悲剧的美国》
Dawn（1931） 《黎明》 America Is Worth Saving(1941） 《美国值得拯救
》
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Sister Carrie
This novel talks about a young country girl who moves to the big city where she starts realizing her own American Dream by first becoming a mistress (情妇） to men that she perceives as superior and later as a famous actress. It has been called the "greatest of all American urban novels."
3.Nonfiction（非小说）
A Traveler at Forty (1913) 《一个四十岁的旅客
》
A Hoosier Holiday (1916) 《印第安纳节日》
Hey Rub-a-Dub-Dub: A Book of the Mystery and Wonder and Terror of Life (1920) 《咚锵锵》
American Naturalism and Theodore Dreiser
American Naturalism Background Definition
Naturalism Vs.
Realism
The features
Representative writers
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American Naturalism 美国自然主义
Background
⒈Social background:⑴Modern
America----industrialism----financial giants and industrial proletariat(无产阶级）---skyscrapers and slums（贫民窟）
3.The Responsibilities of the Novelist(1903)
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Introduction
Major works
Sister Carrie About Dreiser Comment on Dreiser Dreiser's literary achievement
Godless world----life as a struggle for survival---Darwinian evolutionary concepts like "the survival of the fittest" and "the human beast"---Herbert Spencer's social Darwinism----an attitude of gloom and despair
naturalist, communist
Spouse: Sara White
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Major Works
1.Fiction(小说） Sister Carrie (1900) 《嘉莉妹妹》 Jennie Gerhardt (1911) 《珍妮姑娘》 The Financier (1912) 《金融家》
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Chains: Lesser Novels and Stories (1927) 《
锁链》
A Gallery of Women (1929) 《妇女群像》
The Bulwark (1946) 《壁垒》 Old Rogaum and His Theresa(1901）
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The features of literary Naturalism
Reveals a bitter and wretched(不幸的）world The whole picture is somber and dark
The general tone is hopeless and despair
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Major Works
1.McTeague (1899) 2.His trilogy(三部曲）on the production, distribution, and consumption of wheat:
The Octopus (1901)
The Pit (1903) The Wolf (Never Written)
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Major Works
Novels:
Maggie: A Girl of the Street<<街头女郎麦琪>>
（the first uncompromising naturalistic novel in American）
The Red Badge of Courage<<红色英勇勋章>>
Short stories:
The Open Boat，The Blue Hotel,etc
Collection of poems:The Black Riders<<黑
骑士>>
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Frank Norris(1870-1902)
1.born in Chicago ,Illinois in 1870 2.went to Academic Julian in Paris in 1887
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⑵TheΒιβλιοθήκη Baidu
westward expansion---frontier near the Pacific coast ----railroad ----drive farmers to bankruptcy
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⒉Ideological background:a cold, indifferent
⒊Literary background:⑴In the nineties,French
naturalism,with its new techniques and new ways of writing ,appealed to the imagination of the younger generation like Crane,Norris ,and Theodore Dreiser.
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A Book About Myself (1922) 《关于我自己》 The Color of a Great City（1923）《大都会的色
彩》
Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928) 《德莱塞访苏印
象记》
My City (1929) 《我的城市》
《老罗格姆和他的特里萨》
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2.Drama（戏剧）
Plays of the Natural and Supernatural (1916) 《自然和超自然的戏剧》 The Hand of the Potter (1918), first produced 1921《得心应手》
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3.entered the University of California, 18901894
4.English Department of Havard University, 1894-1895 5.a news correspondent, an editorial assistant
Humanistic values
A desire to assert one‟s human identity, to define oneself against the social and natural forces one confronts.
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Representative writers
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A realist observes a general situation and invents some incidents.
A naturalist is not permitted to invent but report with scientific accuracy.
Stephen Crane (1871-1900)
斯蒂芬· 克莱恩
Frank Norris(1870-1902)
弗兰克· 诺里斯
Theodore Dreiser(1871-1945)
西奥多· 德莱塞
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Stephen Crane (1871-1900)
New Jersey(1871) Syracuse University(1890-1891) Journalist(1891-1900) Settled down in England(1899) Died of turberculosis（肺结核） in Germany(1900)
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Definition
American Naturalism is a theory in American literature. It emphasizes the role of heredity and environment upon human life and character development roughly between 1890’s and early 1900’s.
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Sister Carrie
Sister Carrie tells the story of two characters: Carrie Meeber, an ordinary girl who rises from a low-paid wage earner to a high-paid actress, and George Hurstwood, a member of the upper middle class who falls from his comfortable lifestyle to a life on the streets. Neither Carrie nor Hurstwood earn their fates through virtue or vice, but rather through random circumstance(偶然情况）. Their successes and failures have no moral value; this stance marks Sister Carrie as a departure from the conventional literature of the period.