材料类专业词汇

专业词汇
A
奥氏体austenite 奥氏体本质晶粒度austenite inhorent grain size 奥氏体化austenitization, austenitii zing
B
白口铸铁white cast iron
白铜white brass, copper-nickel alloy
板条马氏体lath martensite
棒材bar
包晶反应peritectic reaction
薄板thin sheet
薄膜技术thin film technique
贝氏体bainite
本质晶粒度inherent grain size
比强度strength-to-weight ratic
变质处理inoculation, modification
变质剂modifying agent,modificator
表面处理surface treatment
表面粗糙度surface roughness
表面淬火surface quenching
表面腐蚀surface corrosion
表面硬化surface hardening
玻璃glass
玻璃态vitreous state, glass state
玻璃钢glass fiber reinforced plastics
玻璃纤维glass fiber
不可热处理的non-heat-treatable
不锈钢stainless steel
布氏硬度Brinell hardness
C
材料强度strength ofmaterial
残余奥氏体residual austenite
残余变形residual deformation
残余应力residual stress
层状珠光体lamellar pearlite
超导金属superconducting metal
成核nucleate, nucleation
成形forming, shaping
成长growth, growing
磁材料magnetic materials
冲击韧性impact toughness
纯铁pure iron
粗晶粒coarse grain
脆性brittleness
脆性断裂brittle fracture
淬火quenching, quench
淬透性hardenability
淬硬性hardenability
D
带材baud, strip
单晶single crystal, unit crystal
单体monomer, element
氮化层nitration case
氮化物nitride
刀具cutting tool
导磁性magnetic conductivity
导电性electric conductivity
导热性heat conductivity, thermal conductivity
导体conductor
等离子堆焊plasma surfacing
等离子弧喷涂plasma spraying
等离子增强化学气相沉积Plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD) 等温转变曲线isothermal transformation curve
低合金钢low alloy steel
低碳钢low carbon steel
低碳马氏体low carbon?martensite
低温回火low tempering
点阵常数grating constant, lattice constant
电镀electroplating, galvanize
电弧喷涂electric arc spraying
电子显微镜electron microscope
定向结晶directional solidification S
端淬试验end quenching test
断口分析fracture analysis
断裂强度breaking strength, fracture strength
断裂韧性fracture toughness
断面收缩率contraction of cross sectional area,
锻造forge, forging, smithing
多晶体polycrystal
E
二次硬化secondaryhardening
二元合金binary alloy, two-component alloy
F
防锈的rust-proot, rust resistant
非金属non-metal, nonmetal
非晶态amorphous stats
分子键molecular bond
分子结构molecular structure
分子量molecular weight
酚醛树脂bakelite, phenolic resin
粉末治金powder metallurgy
粉末复合材料particulate composite
腐蚀corrosion, corrode, etch, etching
腐蚀剂corrodent, corrosive, etchant
复合材料composite material
G
感应淬火inductionquenching
刚度rigidity, stiffness
钢steel
钢板steel plate
钢棒steel bar
钢锭steel ingot
钢管steel tube, steel pipe
钢丝steel wire
钢球steel ball
杠杆定理lever rule, lever principle
高分子聚合物high polymer, superpolymer 高合金钢high alloy steel
高锰钢high manganess steel
高频淬火high frequency quenching
高速钢high speed steel ,quick-cutting steel 高碳钢high-carbon steel
高碳马氏体high carbon martensite
高弹态elastomer
高温回火high tempering
各向同性isotropy
各向异性anisotropy, anisotropism
工程材料engineering material
工具钢tool steel
工业纯铁industrial pure iron
工艺technology
共价键covalent bond
共晶体eutectic
共晶反应eutectic reaction
共析体eutectoid
共析钢eatectoid steel
功能材料functional materials
固溶处理solid solution treatment
固溶强化solution strengthening
固溶体solid solution
固相solid phase
光亮热处理bright heat treatment
滚珠轴承钢ball bearing steel
过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution
过共晶合金hypereutectic alloy
过共析钢hypereutectoid steel
过冷over-cooling, supercooling
过冷奥氏体supercooled austenite
过冷度degree of supercooling
过热overheat, superheat
H
焊接welding, weld
航空材料aerial material
合成纤维synthetic fiber
合金钢alloy steel
合金化alloying
合金结构钢structural alloy steel
黑色金属ferrous metal
红硬性red hardness
滑移slip, glide
滑移方向glide direction, slip direction
滑移面glide plane, slip plane
滑移系slip system
化合物compound
化学气相沉积chemical vapour eposition (CVD) 化学热处理chemical heat treatment
J
基体matrix
机械混合物mechanical mixture
机械性能mechanical property
激光热处理heat treatment with a laser beam 激光laser
激光熔凝laser melting and consolidation
激光表面硬化surface hardening by laser beam 加工硬化work hardening
加热heating
胶粘剂adhesive
结构材料structural material
结晶crystallize, crystallization
结晶度crystallinity
金属材料metal material
金属化合物metallic compound
金属键metallic bond
金属组织metal structure
金属结构metallic framework
金属塑料复合材料plastimets
金属塑性加工metal plastic?working
金属陶瓷metal ceramic
金相显微镜metallographic microscope, metalloscope
金相照片metallograph
晶胞cell
晶格crystal lattice
晶格常数lattice constant
晶格空位lattice vacancy
晶粒crystal grain
晶粒度grain size
晶粒细化grain refining
晶体结构crystal structure
聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethy lene (PTFE)
聚合度degree of polymerization
聚合反应polymerization
绝热材料heat-insulating material
绝缘材料insulating material
K
抗拉强度tensile strength
抗压强度compression strength
颗粒复合材料particle composite
扩散diffusion, diffuse
L
老化aging
莱氏体ledeburite
冷变形cold deformation
冷加工cold work, cold working
冷却cool, cooling
冷作硬化cold hardening
离子ion
粒状珠光体granular pearlite
连续转变曲线continuous cooling transformation(CCT) curve 孪晶twin crystal
孪生twinning, twin
螺旋位错helical dislocation
洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness
M
马氏体martensite (M)
密排六方晶格close-packed xagonal lattice (C.P.H.)
面心立方晶格face-centred cubic lattice (F.C.C.)
摩擦friction
磨损wear, abrade, abrasion
模具钢die steel
Mf 点martensite finishing point
Ms点martensite starting point
N
纳米材料nanostructuredmaterials
耐磨钢wear-resisting steel
耐磨性wearability, wear resistance
耐热钢heat resistant steel , high temperature steel
内耗internal friction
内应力internal stress
尼龙nylon
粘弹性viscoelasticity
凝固solidify, solidification
扭转强度torsional strength
扭转疲劳强度torsional fatigue strength
P
泡沫塑料foamplastics, expanded plastics
配位数coordination number
喷丸硬化shot-peening
疲劳强度fatigue strength
疲劳寿命fatigue life
片状马氏体lamellar martensite, plate type martensite
普通碳钢ordinary steel, plain carbon steel
Q
气体渗碳gas carburizing
切变shear
切削cut, cutting
切应力shearing stress
球化退火spheroidizing annealing
球墨铸铁nodular graphite cast iron, spheroidal graphitecast iron 球状珠光体globular pearlite
屈服强度yielding strength, yield strength
屈强比yielding-to-tensile ratio
屈氏体troolstite (T)
去应力退火relief annealing
R
热处理heat treatment
热加工hot work, hot working
热喷涂thermal spraying
热固性thermosetting
热塑性hot plasticity
热硬性thermohardening
柔顺性flexibility
人工时效artificial ageing
刃具cutting tool
刃型位错edge dislacation, blade dislocation
韧性toughness
溶质solute
溶剂solvent
蠕变creep
蠕墨铸铁quasiflake graphite cast iron
软氮化soft nitriding
S
扫描电镜scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)
上贝氏体upper bainite
渗氮nitriding
渗硫sulfurizing
渗碳carburizing, carburization
渗碳体cementite (Cm)
失效failure
石墨graphite (G)
时间-温度转变曲线time temperature transformation (TTT) curve 时效硬化age-hardening
实际晶粒度actual grain size
使用寿命service life
使用性能usability
树枝状晶dendrite
树脂resin
双金属bimetal, duplex metal
水淬water quenching, water hardening, water quench
松弛relax , relaxation
塑料plastics
塑性plasticity, ductility
塑性变形plastic deformation
索氏体sorbite (S)
T
弹簧钢spring steel
弹性elasticity, spring
弹性变形elastic deformation
弹性极限elastic limit
弹性模量elastic modulus
碳素钢carbon steel
碳含量carbon content
碳化物carbide
碳素工具钢carbon tool steel
陶瓷ceramic
陶瓷材料ceramic material
体心立方晶格body-centered cubic lattice (B.C. C.)
体型聚合物three-dimensional polymer
调质处理quenching and tempering
调质钢quenched and tempered steel
铁碳平衡图iron-carbon equilibrium diagram
透明(结晶)陶瓷crystalline ceramics
同素异构转变allotropic transformation
涂层coat, coating
退火anneal, annealing
托氏体troostite (T)
W
弯曲bend, bending
完全退火full annealing
微观组织microstructure
维氏硬度Vickers hardness
未经变质处理的uninoculated
温度temperature
无定形的amorphous
物理气相沉积physical vapour deposition (PVD)
X
下贝氏体lower bainite
线型聚合物linear polymer
纤维fibre, fiber
纤维增强复合材料filament reinforced composite
显微照片metallograph,microphotograph, micrograph 显微组织microscopic structure, microstructure
橡胶rubber
相phase
相变phase transition
相图phase diagram
消除应力退火stress relief annealing
形状记忆合金Shape memory alloys
形变deformation
性能performance, property
X射线结构分析X-ray structural analysis
Y
压力加工press work
亚共晶铸铁hypoeutectic cast iron
亚共析钢hypoeutectoid steel
氧化物陶瓷oxide ceramics
延伸率elongation percentage
盐溶淬火salt both quenching
液相liquid phase
应变strain
应力stress
应力场强度因子stress intensity factror
应力松弛relaxation of stress
硬质合金carbide alloy, hard alloy
油淬oil quenching, oil hardening
有机玻璃methyl-methacrylate, plexiglass 有色金属nonferrous metal
匀晶uniform grain
孕育处理inoculation, modification
Z
再结晶退火recrystallization annealing
载荷load
增强塑料reinforced plastics
针状马氏体acicular martensite
正火normalize, normalization
致密度tightness
支化型聚合物branched polymer
智能材料intelligent materials
中合金钢medium alloy steel
轴承钢bearing steel
轴承合金bearing alloy
珠光体pearlite (P)
柱状晶体columnar crystal
铸造cast , foundry
自然时效natural ageing
自由能free energy
组元component, constituent
组织structure
α钛合金αtitanium alloy。