非谓语动词学案(附答案)

非谓语动词
动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。

高考重点要求：
1、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式
2、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式
一、理论知识（《全优课堂》P302-304页
请找出以下句子的谓语动词和非谓语动词
The dinosaur was forced to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal needing less space and food. 谓语动词____________________
非谓语动词___________________
非谓语动词的三种基本形式
表主动，将来_____________
表主动，进行_____________
表被动，完成_____________
分析一下不定式的形式及意义
1/ We all expect the boy to win the match. ( to do 表______________) 2/ The problem to be discussed tomorrow is of great importance. ( to be done 表_____________) 3/ Tom was considered to have broken the cup. ( to have done 表_________________) 4/ The cup was considered to have been broke n by Tom. ( to have been done 表______________) 5/ The boy is pretending to be listening carefully. ( to be doing 表___________________ ) 分析一下动词ing的形式及意义
1/ The girl standing over there is my sister. ( doing 表__________________) 2/ The road being repaired now is called Binjiang Road. ( being done表_______________ ) 3/ Having finished her homework, Lily went out to play table tennis. ( having done 表_______) 4/ Having been told the bad news, he couldn’t help crying. (having been done 表___________) 分析一下动词ed的形式及意义
The photo taken by the photographer is quite eye-catching. ( done 表_____________________) 非谓语动词的否定式：not 放在该非谓语动词之前
如：not to be done, not having been done, not done
Any difference between “done” and “having been done”?
被告知了这令人兴奋的消息，他感到兴奋。

Having been told the exciting news, he was excited.
Told the exciting news, he was excited.
* having been done 和done 都可以作状语表示动作完成和被动，
但having been done 强调动作发生在谓语动词之前。

这是一栋由著名建筑师设计的楼房。

This is a building designed by a famous architect. ( right)
This is a building having been designed by a famous architect.(wrong)
* done 可作后置定语having been done 不能充当后置定语
非谓语在句子中可充当的成分：
二、做题方法
1. ______many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2. ______many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A.Having been told
B. Told
C. He was told
D. Though he had been told （一）、分析_______________，确定________与__________.
（二）、找逻辑_____________, 确定_________.
（三）、找_________________，确定_________.
1. It ___ a hot day, so we decide to go out.
2. It ___ a hot day , we’d better go swimming.
3. ___ a rainy day; we decided not to go out.
A.is
B. to be
C. being
D. It being
E. It was
F. been
※注意标点符号
※常出现的考点
1.英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示“令人……的”,其过去分词表示(人)感到……的”.如：astonished , astonishing.
2.一些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示状态，这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：
lost(迷路), seated(坐)，born(出身于), relaxed(放松), worried/ surprised…, lost /absorbed in(沉迷于); dressed in(穿着); tired of (厌烦)
eg: Lost in thought, he didn’t catch what I said.
Dressed in a suit, he looks smart today.
4.分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致
➢Given another chance, I can also pass the exam.
➢Following the teacher, the children went to the park.
5. 不定式作状语，常表示目的
➢Tim sat near the fire to get warm.
➢The athletes practised hard to win the match.
6. only to do ---- 表示结果
➢I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.
7. 当物做主语时,在need, want, require动词后常用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式.
❖The questions need discussing.
❖The questions need to be discussed.
8. 有些动词后既可跟不定式也可跟动名词作宾语,意思区别不大;有些动词后既可跟不定式
也可跟动名词作宾语,意思区别很大.
remember _______记住去做某事(不要忘记做) remember _______记得做过某事(已做) forget _______忘了去做某事(没做) forget _______忘记了做过某事(已做)
regret _______遗憾要做某事(say / tell / inform) regret _______懊悔做过某事
stop _______.停止做某事stop _______.停下来去做某事
mean _______.打算/存心做某事mean _______.意味着做某事
try _________.尝试着做某事try _________.尽量/努力做某事
go on ________.继续做某事(同一件) go on ________.接着做另外一件事
can not help ___________.不能帮助做某事can not help ___________.禁不住要做某事
9. 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
1/.不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系, 有和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时
➢If you want to make even greater progress in your studies, you still have many difficulties to overcome.
➢He needs a room to live in.
2/. 动词不定式放在作表语和宾语补足语的形容词后,(主语+系动词+形容词+不定式;主语+动词+宾语+形容词+不定式), 不定式用主动表被动
➢The question is difficult to answer.
➢The passage is too hard to translate.
➢I found the car comfortable to ride in.
➢He’s a man easy to get on with.
➢That makes poetry difficult to write.
3/. 不定式与疑问代词连用时
➢In society, I really don’t know who to compete fairly with.
➢She is a mother of two children, so she knows what to expect in her job.
三、非谓语动词与高考
1. 非谓语动词在语法填空的考查
（2007年）…… While she was getting me _34_______ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to (35)__ a _ small town some 20
kilometres away (36) where there was a garage.
(2008年) Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life.
(31) Behind these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _32_______ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
(2009年)Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult (31) it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy _32_________ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
(2010年)…… After the student left, the teacher let (36) another student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_________(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container
（2011年）I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man __18 (sit) at the front. Behind him were other people to 21.whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes, 22. he walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.
(2012年) Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _________ (wear) sun glasses.
(2013年) In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always _________(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.
(2014年)We got a little ________ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
2. 非谓语动词在高考写作中的应用
2008广东高考基础写作：
……射击最初只是生存工具，19世纪末才发展成为一项体育运动。

……
Shooting was originated as a means of survival and developed into a sport only in the late 19th
Shooting, ___________ as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.
2009广东高考基础写作：
时间: 上周末对象: 眼科医生（eye-doctor）王教授
主题: 我国中小学生近视(short-sightedness)问题
Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor. It was concerning the issue of short-sightedness of school children in china.
Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, ___________________________short-sightedness of school children in china.
2010广东高考基础写作：
受二手烟影响人数：约5.4亿因二手烟死忙人数：超过10万/年
Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke and it cause 100,000 deaths a year.
Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, ___________________________. 基本信息: （1）发生率: 略高于50％（2）人数: 世界第一
According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are
short-sighted. It ranks the first in the world.
According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ______________________________.
2011广东高考基础写作：
书名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother 出版时间：2010年
A book with the title Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother was published in 2010.
A book _________Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother was published in 2010.
书名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother 作者：Amy Chua ，美籍华人，耶鲁*大学教授 内容：作者用中国传统方式教育两个女儿的故事
Its author is Amy Chua, a Chinese American and professor at Yale, who tells stories in her book about how she educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way.
Its author Amy Chua, is a Chinese American and professor at Yale, who shares her stories of __________ her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way.
2012年广东高考基础写作：
姓 名：Allan Stewart 国 籍：澳大利亚
出生日期：1915年3月7日
世界纪录：2006年获硕士学位时年龄最大
Allan Stewart, of Australian nationality, was born on March 7, 1915. He got his first degree in 1936 and then his second degree of Doctor of Medicine.
__________ March 7, 1915, Allan Stewart, (who is) an Australian, become the oldest man to obtain a master’s degree over the world in 2006.
四、作文常用句背诵
1.Deeply moved ，she thanked me again and again.
她深深地受了感动，再三谢我。

2. Given more attention ，the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

3. Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.
由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。

4. I won't have anything said against her.
我不允许别人说反对她的话。

5. Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。

6. Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。

7. Learning is important to modern life.
学习对现代生活很重要。

8. They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
他们有说有笑地走出教室。

9. I didn't mean to hurt you.
我并不想要伤害你。

10 He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.
耻于问人，难以长进。

11. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
生活没有目标就如航海没有罗盘。

12. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
见异思迁，终无收获（滚石不生苔）
13. It takes years to grow trees, but a hundred to rear people.
十年树木，百年树人。

14．He is not fit to command others than cannot command himself.
不能正己，怎能正人
15. Talking mends no holes.
空谈无济于事。

16．One lie needs seven lies to wait upon.
一次撒谎装得像，要有七次假话帮
巩固练习
1. 用给出的动词的适当形式填空：
1. Not _____ (know) anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.
2. The Olympic Games, first ____ (play) in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
3. European football is played in 80 countries, ______( make) it the most popular sport in the world.
4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not _____ (make) it more difficult.
5. It is impossible to avoid _______ (influence) by advertisements in a modern society.
6. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
7. Walking past the park, I couldn’t help stopping _______( watch) some children flying kites.
8. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars where road conditions need _____(improve).
9. Don’t be discouraged. ______ ( take) things as they are and you will enjoy every
day of your life.
10. Friendship is like money, easier made than _____(keep).
11. The president’s (attend) _______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of
encouragement.
12. Time should be made good use of ______ （learn）our lessons well.
2.用非谓语动词形式改写一下句子：
1/ After the young athletes were inspired by the superstars on television, they trained hard and played intensely.
2/ Because I followed my teacher’s advice, I made rapid progress in my English learning.
3/ While he was driving along the road, he noticed something strange ahead.
4/ Employers who work in that factory were angry at the boss’s decision.
5/.Though his parents lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university.
6/.Because it is made of plastic, the suitcase is very light.
7/.The question which will be discussed tomorrow is of great importance.
8/.We’ll work two more hours a day because we want to complete the project as planned.
9/.Lucy is the first student that admits the mistake.
10/ I heard the bad news and then I cried.
11/ If I am given more time, I will finish my task more successfully.
12/ The boy didn’t obey the rules and therefore he was punished.
3. Translate the following sentences into English.
（1）他昨晚没有回家使得他的父母非常担心。

（2）这台电脑运作不正常，需要修理。

（3）测试的结果很令人失望，所有的科学家都感到很失望。

（4）随着很多树被人们砍伐，树林的面积越来越小了。

（5）我觉得对那么小的一个孩子来说要掌握三门外语是很困难的。

（6）我最大的梦想是有朝一日能成为一个像爱因斯坦那样的科学家。

4. 完成下面语法填空题，注意动词形式：
（一）
What is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don’t tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot lie trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by ____1___ (tell) our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, ___2___ （bring）the error to the clerk’s attention causes different things ___3___(happen). Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon ___4___(leave)the store，we feel honorable and our self-respect ___5___ (increase) . Whenever we take honorable actions, we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that ___6___(create) by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it’s easy ___7___ (think) and act honorably again when we’re happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it ___(start), it’s easy to continue. ____9____(keep) on doing good deeds ___10___ (bring) us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.
（二）
Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me
①_______________(introduce) this English speech competition. As we all know,
②______________(master) a foreign language is very important for us.
③___________(take) part in English speech is a helpful way④___________(learn) English. Everyone wants⑤____________(show) their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our⑥___________ (speak) ability, and develop a good habit of⑦_________(learn) English. In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules⑧________(make) by us. First, you should make your voice⑨_________(hear) clearly by everyone, so reading aloud is very necessary. Second, you try your best to express yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.
I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel⑩___________(satisfy) with our performance. Thank you!
非谓语动词练习答案
1. 用给出的动词的适当形式填空：
1/ knowing 2/played 3/ making 4/to make
5/ being influenced 6/Given 7/ to watch
8/ improving 9/Take 10/kept 11/attending 12/to learn
3.用非谓语动词形式改写一下句子：
1/.Inspired by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained hard and played intensely.
2/.Following my teacher’s advice, I made rapid progress in my English learning.
3/. Driving along the road, he noticed something strange ahead.
4/.Employees working at that factory were angry at the boss’s decision.
5/. (Though) lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.
6/. Made of plastic, the suitcase is very light.
7/. The question to be discussed tomorrow is of great importance.
8/. We’ll work two more hours a day to complete the project as planned.
9/.Lucy is the first student to admit the mistake.
10/. Hearing the bad news, I cried.
11/. Given more time, I will finish my task more successfully.
12/. Not having obeyed the rules, the boy was punished.
3. 翻译
1.His not coming back home last night worried his parents.
( That he didn’t come back home last night worried his parents / What worried his parents was that he didn’t come back home last night.)
2. This computer doesn’t run well and needs repairing / needs to be repaired.
3. The result of the test is very disappointing and all the scientists are disappointed at it.
4. With more and more trees cut down, the area of the forest is becoming smaller and smaller.
5. I think it difficult for so little a child to master three foreign languages.
( I think it is difficult for such a little child to master three foreign languages.)
6. My biggest dream is to become a scientist like Einstein one day.
4. 完成下面语法填空题，注意非谓语动词形式：
（一）
1/ telling 2/ bringing 3/ to happen 4/ leaving 5/increases/is increased
6/ is created 7/to think 8/is started 9/Keeping 10/ brings
（二）
1.to introduce
2. to master
3. Taking
4. to learn
5. to show
6. speaking
7. learning
8. made
9. heard 10. satisfied。