山东省高密市教科院高考英语二轮复习《非谓语动词》学案

山东省高密市教科院2013届高三高考二轮复习英语《非谓语

动词》学案

考查要点

1.不定式的时态和语态；

2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性

功能；

3.不定式的省略；

4.不定式的否定形式；

5.不定式的搭配形式；

6.独立主格结构；

7.v-ing分词名词性功能；

8.v-ing分词形容词性功能；

9.v-ing分词副词性功能；

10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别；

11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别；

12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别

非谓语动词的做题步骤

1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。

2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的

主语。

3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓

语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。

高考例题：

【2012江西卷】33．Having fini shed her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.

A．speaking B．having spoken C．to speak D．to have spoken

【答案】C

【考点】非谓语动词。

【解析】不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，故选C。

【2012江西卷】35．John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.

A．offered B．offering C．to offerD．to be offered

【答案】B

【考点】非谓语动词

【解析】此处offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。

【2012湖南卷】31. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A. starting

B. being started

C. to star

D. to be started

【答案】A【考点】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。

【解析】根据last night可知start已经发生，故排除C、D（不定式常表将来），B（being done）一般表进行，也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态现在分词作定语

【2012湖南】23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.

A. to use

B. used

C. using

D. use

【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。谓语与非谓语动词过去分词作条件状语或时间状语表被动

【2012湖南】21. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.

A. being done

B. do

C. to be done

D. to do 【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】因为work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。谓语与非谓语动词不定式的被动语态作宾语短语need to be done。

非谓语动词使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。

She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.

She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

动词不定式

(1)作主语

Not to get there in time is your fault.

注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

It takes us an hour ___ get there by bus.

It is a great enjoyment __ spend our holiday in the mountains

(2)作宾语

want decide hope agree choose wish need promise

口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择

B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:

tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… know, show, discover, see(understand)

He taught us how to use the tool.

No one could tell me where to get the book.

I hope you’ll adv ise me what to do.

注意下列动词

begin start continue like love hate prefer learn

remember forget regret

try mean stop go on

(3)作宾语补足语 .I wish you ___ come as soon as possible.

advise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wish oblige want warn remind promise permit persuade request

5. (不定式作定语)

1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系

Do you have anything to wash today?

Do you have anything to be washed today? (区别主被动）

2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容

I have no chance to go there.

3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语

She is the last to leave the room.

4) 不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词

He is looking for a room to live in.

(5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。

1) I came here to see you．

2) We were very excited to hear the news．

3) He hurried to the school to find nobody there .

4) To look at him，you would like him．

三.动名词的功用

1.可作主语Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge

2.可作宾语

① S. + vt.+ doing

Have you finished reading the book?

在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：

避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone

建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise

喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/can`t help

承认否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy

逃脱冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse

忍受保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind

注：在动词advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称