非谓语动词学案(很全面)

正在建造的桥 ,the
二、谓语与非谓语的比较 非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作
任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是 He will come visit you ， 而是 He will come to visit you. 这里就用了不定式 to visit 。因此同学们要特别注
V-ing 形 式
现在分 词
动名词
主语 △
不定式（ to do ）
△
过去分词 (done)
表语 △ △ △
△
宾语
△ △
宾语补 足语
△
定语 △ △
△
△
状语 △
△
△
△
△
Exercise ：找出“非谓语动词” ，并判断作何成分
To see is to believe.
Seeing is believing.
They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built
in 1955. Is this the book recommended by our teacher?
The meeting held last week is very important. The meeting being held is very important. The meeting to be held next week is very important.
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.
意弄清句子的结构。
例： Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend,
A. to stand
B. standing
C. stood
stand
分析： stood 是与 sat 并列的谓语。
up in no time. D. would
非谓语动词的语法功能
所能充当的成分
He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly. Did you see anyone enter the house? He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once heard him sing this song.
实用文案
feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, g
et down to, be
非谓 语
形式
不定 式
动名 词
现在 分词
时态
一般 式
进行 式
完成 式
完成 进行
式 一般
式
完成 式
语态
主动
被动
to do
to be done
to have done
to have been done
to be doing
/
to have been doing
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/
构成 复合结构
for sb. to do sth. 或
of sb. to do sth.
doing
having done
being done
having been done
sb. 或 sb ’s doing
作主语要用 sb ’ s doing
意义相 反
stop to do stop doing
停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 停止正在做的事
两
者 都
可 以
remember/forget/regret
do （指动作尚未发生） remember/forget/regret doing （指动作已经发生）
oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to
意义基 本相同
begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue 体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）
（接不定式多指具
need, want, require （主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系， 接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）
标准文档
It is not an easy thing to master a language. My suggestion is to start work at once.
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. Have you anything to declare?
与动名词变化形式相同
否定式
在“ to ”前加 not 或 never
在前加 not 特别注 意复合 结构 的否定式： sb ’ s not doing sb ’ s not having done 在前加 not
做宾语的非谓语动词比较
情况
常用动词
只接不定式 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend,
The boss made them work from morning till night. They were made to work from morning till night. The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed.
做宾语的动 manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen
engaged in, insist on, think of,
be proud of, take pride in, set
about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote
非谓语动词基本概念及用法
一、 动词不定式 to do 现在分词 v-ing
过去分词 v-ed
实用文案
Thinking about these examples:
the bridge to be built 将建造的桥 , the bridge being built bridge built 已经建好的桥