让步状语从句

4．even though和 though even though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握不大 或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”； though 引导的从句指事实，意为“尽管”、“虽 然”， 例如： He will not reveal the secret, even though he knows it. (可能知道，也可能不gh he knows it. (虽然知道，却不说出来。)
注意比较下列各句： While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (让步) While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. (让步) While I was reading, the light went out. (时间) He is idle, while his brother is diligent. (转折、对比)
⑦ 有时可用副词yet, still, nevertheless (但不能用连 词but) 加强语气，如： Though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike. ⑧ though和although后面的主语和谓语动词be 可 以省略，如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个 人或物时，如： Though (he was) severely wounded, yet he refused to leave the battle field. Though (they were) very tired, they continued to march on.
③ 当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是 人称代词，那么它只能放在动词之前；如果从句 的主语是名词，则可用倒装语序，也可用陈述语 序， Clever though / as you may be, you can’t do that. ④ as 从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如： Child as he is, he was brave. ⑤ 注 意 区 别 as 引 导 的 原 因 从 句 与 让 步 从 句 ， Lawyer as he is, he explains the reason clearly. (原 因从句) Lawyer as he is, he can’t explain the reason very
7． 由 连 接 代 词 whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句： Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go. (whoever 既相当于连接词短语no matter 连接主 句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who) Whomever (= no matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good. Whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm. Whatever others may say, you are certainly right. Whichever (= no matter which) you choose, we have no objection.
④ 当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时， 通常用though，而不用although，如： He will never do such a thing though he (should) be forced to. ⑤ though 可 以 在 非 正 式 文 体 中 用 作 连 接 性 状 语 ， 而 although 则不行。（though 可以放在句中或句末，通常 用逗号隔开），如： He said he would come; he didn’t, though. ⑥ though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语 或状语等放在though之前），而although 不能这样用，如： Young though she is, yet she is fit for the job. (= Young as she is, …)
3．由as, that, though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构： 在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可 用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的 表语或状语置于句首。（ though, that 与 as 一样，也可以 用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：
① 表语的倒装： Old as I am, I can still fight. Tall as / though he was, he couldn’t reach the top shelf. Difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time.
② 状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加 very, much等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. ③ 谓语动词的倒装： Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try …) Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam. Try as you may, you will never succeed.
11．由whenever, wherever 引导的从句，同时也分 别是时间状语从句和地点状语从句，这里作为让 步状语从句来看待 ，是强调它们带有 no matter when, no matter where 的含义。在口语中用 no matter +wh- 结构比较常见。例如： No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean. It is true, no matter what you may say. (可置于主 句之后)
让步状语从句专讲
让 步 状 语 从 句 通 常 用 though, although, no matter, even if, if, even though, however, whatever 等引起。 △ 让步状语从句可以前置，也可以后置；前置时 强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。有时也可 以采取中位（插入句中）。
2．even if, even though和 if 引导的让步状语从句： even if 与 even though同义，常用于强调让步概念 I’ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. Even if you fail, you can try again. 注：if 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if 与让步if 的区别，试比较： If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (条件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (让步) (= even if)
6．whether…or…引导的让步状语从句： 这种从句也称“选择条件 - 让步状语从句”，可 位于主句之前或之后，如： Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be here on time. Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to do it. We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal. Whether it rains or snows, I will go tonight. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.
9．由连接副词however, wherever 或whenever 引 导的让步状语从句。例如： However ( = no matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfil it on time. ( however 既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句， 又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰 difficult。) Wherever ( = no matter where) they went, they were warmly welcomed. Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. The dog follows me wherever I go.
注意事项：
① 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再 用冠词，如： Child as / that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. ② as 从句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中，当 as 从句置于句首时，主句前可加yet ，如： Mary, brave as she is, is afraid of snakes. Rich as he is, (yet) I don’t envy him.
8．由连接形容词whatever 或whichever 引导的让 步状语从句，如： Whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相当于no matter 连接主句与从句，又 相当于疑问形容词what 修饰名词difficulties。) Whichever (= no matter which) room is assigned to him, he will have no objection. Whichever method you use, the result is much the same.
5．while引导的让步状语从句： while (= although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前 置，位于句首，如： While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
10．注意以上几种结构的省略形式： However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. However great the difficulties (may be), we will never retreat. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be overcome.
1．although 和though 引导的让步状语从句： ① 两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如： He didn’t light the fire though / although it was cold. ③ though可以和even 连用，但although 不可以， Although (Even though) the traffic held us up, we got to the airport on time.