it的用法及强调结构(附常见考点解析及精选练习题)

it的用法及强调结构

I. 作代词

1. 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物（是同一物）。

My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.

I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better.

2. 代词it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面提到的整个事情。

Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but it didn’t help. (but连接两个并列分句，而不是非限制性定语从句，用it)

The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. （前面用逗号隔开，没有并列连词，是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句所表达的内容，用which不用it）

3. 用来代替指示代词this,that.

--- What’s this ?--- It’s a book.

4. 表示时间、距离、天气、价值等。

It’s ten o’clock now.（指时间）

---How far is it from here to the station?

---It's about two kilometers.（指距离）

It is rather cold today, isn't it?（指天气）

---What's the cost of the dictionary?

---It is twenty dollars.（指价值）

5. 可用来指做某个动作的人或与某事有关系的人。

---- Who is making such a noise ? --- It must be the children.

II. 引导词it

1. 作形式主语，代替由不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示的真正主语。

It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.

It is no use arguing with him.

It is no good going there.

It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.

2. 作形式宾语，代替由不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示的真正宾语(这些宾语之后有宾补，才可这样用，否则不行)。

He thought it no use doing that.

He feels it his duty to help others.

They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.

注意：it作形式宾语还有一种特殊用法，少数动词：如like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate, don’t mind 等或包含介词的动词短语：如see to（负责）, depend on（依靠）,be fond of, feel like等，后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句，常见的句型有：

I like (enjoy, hate…) it when….

I would appreciate it if…

…see to (depend on…) it that…

I’ll see t o it that everything is ready. 我将负责把一切都准备好。

I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.

I’d appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.

3. 用在强调结构中，其结构为：

It is /was+被强调部分+that/who-clause

1). 可以强调主语、宾语或状语；it本身没有词义，只用来构成这个句型；指现在用is, 指过去用was; that 可以指物，也可以指人，who只用来指人，偶尔也用whom指人（强调宾语时）。

Yesterday he met an old friend in the park.

强调主语：It was he that/who met an old friend in the park yesterday.

强调宾语：It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.

强调地点状语：It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.

2). 强调句型的基础知识：

①. 强调地点状语不用where，时间状语不用when，方式状语不用how，原因状语不用why，都要用that.

It was for this reason that he left that school. (原因状语)

It was in this way that he solved the problem. （方式状语）

②. 也可以是状语从句被强调：

It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty. （时间状语从句）It was because she got up late that she didn’t catch the first bus. （原因状语从句）

③. 被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that后的谓语在人称和数上应和原句的主语一致。

It is Mary who often does good deeds.