北京小升初语法第二讲代词(初中英语语法代词)

单词检测

实词：名词，动词，形容词，副词，（数词，）代词句子成分：

7种

主语，谓语，宾语，补语，定语，状语，同位语*基本成分修饰成分

主语：动作或者状态的主体。

He plays basketball. 代词

Mary plays basketball. 名词

谓语：表动作或状态。

He plays basketball. 动词

1.简单谓语

动词：实意动词，

助动词，联系动词，情态动词(和动词或表语做复合谓语)

she don’t come.

she is a student.

she must come.

2.复合谓语(1)系表结构she is a student.

she is a student. 名词

she is pretty. 形容词

It’s me. 代词

(1)助动词/情态动词+do

句型1：主谓She came.

句型2：主系表She is pretty.

宾语：表动作或状态的承受着。

He plays basketball. 名词

I hate her.代词

句型3：主+谓+宾He plays basketball.

定语：修饰名词的，表示...的。

she is a hardworking student. 定语

状语：修饰动词，形容词和它本身的，表示...地

He runs quickly.

He is really handsome.

代词

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

一、代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定

代词和相互代词。

二、代词的用法

1．人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请完成下表：

(1)人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.

(2)宾格在句中作宾语。例如：They don’t want me to go there alone.

Don’t worry. I can look after her.

(3)宾格还可以作表语。特别是在口语中。例如：--- Who’s that? --- It’s me.

注意：①人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如：

You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。

②人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如：

The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。这时她第一次去波士顿。

We love our country, we hope she’ll be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。

③It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如：

It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。

④It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语，以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：

It is not easy to learn English well.

It is good for you taking a walk after supper.

I found it difficult to sleep.

（1）形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如：

To our surprise, he has passed the exam.

(2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：

May I use your bike? Mine(=my bike) is at school. (作_主语_)

Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作_表语)

My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作__宾语)

(3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用，作定语。例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.

（1）反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如：

Her sister is too young to dress _herself_. (作宾语)

He _himself_ is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)

You’d better ask your wife _herself. (宾语同位语)

(2)反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：

make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to…,etc

指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：

Those are my parents. ( 作主语)

Throw it like that. (作表语)

The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语)

These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)

注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西,常用that, those表示。例如：

I’m sorry to hear that.

( 2 )下文将要提到的事情,可用these, this表示。例如：

Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.

5．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom，在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。

作主语：What make you so happy?