1现在完成时讲解

现在完成时讲解

一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)

二．句型：

否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)

No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)

三．用法

（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)

看到这些词already, just, yet, before, ever, never, so

far ,three times要用现在完成时。

（2）现在完成时可以用来表示在过去某一时刻发生,持续到现在的动作，常与for（+一段时间）,since（+过去的时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

①for+一段时间

②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）

③since+一段时间+ago

④since+过去时的句子

●⑤It is+一段时间+since+过去时的句子

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在这、不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been (to) :去过（人在这里，谈过去到过哪里）

My father has been to Shanghai.

H ave/has been in：在什么地方呆（还在这地方呆）

My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.

五．过去时与现在完成时区别

过去时只表示在过去发生了某事或过去存在一种状态，跟现在没任何关系。完成时也表示过去发生但跟现在有关系。

I lost the key.我丢了钥匙，现在不知有没找到。

I have lost the key.我丢了钥匙，现在还没找到。

注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, three years ago等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六．过去分词

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2 、不规则动词：

原型过去式过去分词

七．瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for， since，how long连用。要改变动词

buy----had borrow -----kept

come/arrive/reach/get to-----been in

go out----been out leave ----been away

begin-----been on finish----been over

open----been open close -----been closed

die----been dead

★1.have代替buy

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

★2、用keep或have代替borrow

I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

★3、用be替代become

How long has your sister been (become) a teacher?

★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

★5、用wear代替put on

现在完成时练习(一)

A)选用have, has填空:

1.I _______ told him the news.

2.She ________ come back from school.

3.You ________ won the game.

B)按要求改写下列各句:

4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)

_________________________________________

5.He has lost his book.

(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)

_________________________________________

C)单项选择

6. -Where have you _____, Kate?

-I've ______ to the bank.

A. gone, gone

B. been, been

C. gone, been

D. been, gone

7. Her grandfather ______ for two years.

A. died

B. has died

C. has been dead

D. has been died

8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.

A. when

B. since

C. before

D. for

9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.

A. have got

B. have gone to

C. have been to

D. have reached

现在完成时练习（二）