《语言学导论》第05章练习及答案)

Semantics

I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.

synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself，for example，within British English or American English.

is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience，while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.

forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.

semantics，meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experience.

is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.

attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.

meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.

】

languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality.

9.“it is hot.” is a no-place predication because it contains no argument.

grammatical analysis，the sentence is taken to be the basic unit，but in semantic analysis of a sentence，the basic unit is predication，which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.

can be defined as the study of meaning.

conceptualist view holds that there is no d______ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.

means what a linguistic form refers to in the real，physical world；it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

that are close in meaning are called s________.

two words are identical in sound，but different in spelling and meaning，they are called h__________.

opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.

~

analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.

a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s________ restrictions，which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.

a________ is a logical participant in a predication，largely identical with the nominal element（s）in a sentence.

to the n____ theory of meaning，the words in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.

III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.

21. The naming theory is advanced by ________.

A. Plato

B. Bloomfield

C. Geoffrey Leech

D. Firth

$

22. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.