(完整word版)现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter5
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5.1 Conventionality and Motivation约定俗成与有理据词
The sound and meaning of words related
Two ways:
1.Conventionality约定俗成
Most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbol.
Chapter 5Word meaning and Semantic Features词义与语义特征
5.1 Conventionality and Motivation约定俗成与有理据词
5.2 Main Types of Word Meaning词义的分类
5.3 Componential Analysis and Semantic Features语义成分分析与语义特征
Eg.△
□English –houseFrench –maisonChinese –fángziRussian –domSpanish –casa
2. Motivation有理据词
Motivation:refers to the connection between word-symbol and its sense.
Arbitrary:adj.decided by or based on chance or personal opinion rather than facts or reason.
Conventional or arbitrary: there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its sense.
E.g. anticancer抗癌的
kilogram公斤，千克
good-looking好看的，美貌的
daydream白日梦，做白日梦
Semantic motivation语义理据
Semantic motivation:The figurative meaning can be understood by those who know the literal meaning.
E.g. a stony heart铁石心肠，冷酷无情
the leg of a table桌子的腿
5.2 Main Types of Word Meaning词义的分类
Types of Word Meaning: A. Grammatical meaning语法意义
B. Lexical meaning词汇意义
The denotative meaning ofa word’s definition given in a dictionary
Eg.chair
chair: a piece to sit on, which usually ahs a back, a seat, four legs, and sometimes arms
2.Connotative meaning内涵意义
Connotative meaning: theemotional association which a word or a phrase suggests in one’s mind.
miaow the miaow of a cat
roar the roar of a lion
bang the bang of a door
Morphological motivation形态理据
Morphological motivation:there is a direct connection between the morphemic structure of the word and its meaning.
B. Lexical meaning
1.Denotative meaning外延意义(conceptual meaning概念意义)
Denotative meaninginvolves the relationship between a linguistic unit (esp. a lexical item )and the non-linguistic entities (physical objects, natural phenomena / things, events, processes) to which a word refers
He never dreams ofbeing a superstar.
2. inflectional paradigm词形变化:
Eg. seasons of a year一年四季
the poles南北两极
cat –cats mouse –mice walk –walks –walked write –wrote –written
the same meaning for all speakers of a given community
It is that aspect of lexical meaning which makes communication possible.
the central factor in linguistic communication
A. Grammatical meaning
1. word-class词类:The word-class determines the position that a word normally occupies in a sentence
Eg.Being a child, he can’t understand what he just said.
Phonetic motivation语音理据
Phonetic motivation:pronunciation suggests the meaning, including echoic words or onomatopoeic words
E.g. woof-woof the woof-woof of a dog
The sound and meaning of words related
Two ways:
1.Conventionality约定俗成
Most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbol.
Chapter 5Word meaning and Semantic Features词义与语义特征
5.1 Conventionality and Motivation约定俗成与有理据词
5.2 Main Types of Word Meaning词义的分类
5.3 Componential Analysis and Semantic Features语义成分分析与语义特征
Eg.△
□English –houseFrench –maisonChinese –fángziRussian –domSpanish –casa
2. Motivation有理据词
Motivation:refers to the connection between word-symbol and its sense.
Arbitrary:adj.decided by or based on chance or personal opinion rather than facts or reason.
Conventional or arbitrary: there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its sense.
E.g. anticancer抗癌的
kilogram公斤，千克
good-looking好看的，美貌的
daydream白日梦，做白日梦
Semantic motivation语义理据
Semantic motivation:The figurative meaning can be understood by those who know the literal meaning.
E.g. a stony heart铁石心肠，冷酷无情
the leg of a table桌子的腿
5.2 Main Types of Word Meaning词义的分类
Types of Word Meaning: A. Grammatical meaning语法意义
B. Lexical meaning词汇意义
The denotative meaning ofa word’s definition given in a dictionary
Eg.chair
chair: a piece to sit on, which usually ahs a back, a seat, four legs, and sometimes arms
2.Connotative meaning内涵意义
Connotative meaning: theemotional association which a word or a phrase suggests in one’s mind.
miaow the miaow of a cat
roar the roar of a lion
bang the bang of a door
Morphological motivation形态理据
Morphological motivation:there is a direct connection between the morphemic structure of the word and its meaning.
B. Lexical meaning
1.Denotative meaning外延意义(conceptual meaning概念意义)
Denotative meaninginvolves the relationship between a linguistic unit (esp. a lexical item )and the non-linguistic entities (physical objects, natural phenomena / things, events, processes) to which a word refers
He never dreams ofbeing a superstar.
2. inflectional paradigm词形变化:
Eg. seasons of a year一年四季
the poles南北两极
cat –cats mouse –mice walk –walks –walked write –wrote –written
the same meaning for all speakers of a given community
It is that aspect of lexical meaning which makes communication possible.
the central factor in linguistic communication
A. Grammatical meaning
1. word-class词类:The word-class determines the position that a word normally occupies in a sentence
Eg.Being a child, he can’t understand what he just said.
Phonetic motivation语音理据
Phonetic motivation:pronunciation suggests the meaning, including echoic words or onomatopoeic words
E.g. woof-woof the woof-woof of a dog