词性与句子成分

年级:一年级学科: 英语姓名: __ 学号:________

编写人：周灵贤审核人：____ 审批人：_____ 使用时间：2012.12

After this class ,you’ll be able to

1. 记单词时要同时了解或记住它的词性。

2. 知道英语中有九大词类。

3. 明白每个单词的词性是由它在句子中所起的作用决定的。

4. 能够分析简单的基本句型。

一．词性

词的分类：根据语法功能，词可分为两类：

实词：名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，动词

虚词：冠词，介词，连词，感叹词

名词，n. 表示人，事物或抽象概念eg: book, Mary

代词，pron.用来替代名词，数词等eg: I，we，us，many, much, several

数词：num.表示数目或顺序，one, ninth, 10%

形容词：adj.表示人或事物的特征，nice, beautiful

副词：adv.表示时间，地点，程度，等，如：there,very, partly

动词：v.表示动作或状态，如：mend, stay，在句中作谓语

介词，prep.用于名词或代词前，用来表示与别的词的关系，如：on, in, except, besides, 连词conj. 用来连接词与词，短语与短语或句子与句子，如：and, but, so, while,until,if, 冠词art. 用于名词前，帮助说明意义，如：a, an,the.

二．句子成分（主语，谓语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语，定语，状语）

，

主语是动作的执行者，一般由名词或代词充当。

谓语是句子中的动词及其辅助部分。

宾语是动作的承受者。

The boys won the game .

主语可以由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,名词化形容词,分词,从句,短语等来担任。The book is on the desk. （名词）

I get an idea. （代词）

Two and two are four. （数词）

Smoking is bad to health. （动名词）The wounded has been taken to the hospital. （the +形容词）

When to begin is not known yet. （疑问词加不定式）

What I know is important. (从句)

To see is to believe.（动词不定式）

谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。

The child has been brought up by his mother.

We don't know him very well.

She speaks English fluently.

表语是用来说明主语的性质, 身份, 特征和状态。

表语须和be动词、连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。

表语一般放在be动词和系动词之后。

表语可以由名词, 形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。

These desks are yellow.

It looks over.

She is ten.

My work is teaching English.

The dictionary seems in the bag. （介词短语）

My question is how you knew him. （从句）

宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象, 它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。

I saw a cat in the tree.

I want to go shopping. （不定式）

He said that he could be here. （从句）

双宾语：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语。

My father bought me a book.

Give the rubber to me.

宾语补足语：有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整, 它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据, 宾语补足语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。

We all call him Lao Wang.

Please color it red.

We found the little girl in the hill.

I had my hair cut yesterday.

I saw some boys swimming in the river on my way home

The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.

定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。

That is a beautiful flower.

This is my book, not your book.

Our country is a developing country.

The TV set made in that factory is very good.

The TV set that is made in that factory is very good.

状语: 说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。

We went to the countryside last year.

I often read the newspaper at home.

We study hard for our country.

I go to school on foot.

I'm late because I missed the bus

三．；练习

根据单词所在的位置和句子成分，判定下列划线部分单词的词性。

1. Please close the window before you leave your home. ______

2. Wang Lin is one of my close friends.______

3. We must keep the window open _______

4. I forgot to mend my watch. _______

5. They are watching TV now. _______

6. I would like a bottle of water. _______

7. He often waters the flowers _______

8. She will go to Nanjing on a fast train _____

9. His brother swims very fast. _______

10. Let me have a swim. _______

二、下列划线部分的句子成分。

1.My father was a teacher

2. The milk tastes fresh

3.I am looking for a job

4.I found your shoes under the bed

5.She gave her a present.

6.The people all over the world are hoping for peace.

7.The little girl can dress herself now.

8.The man asked me not to play in the street.

9.The book is very interesting

10.There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.

11.The news makes me happy

12.I found it hard to get to sleep

13.I think it useful to learn English well

14.He told me to wash the plates.

15.I saw a thief going into your room