简议汉代画像石画像砖的艺术特点

中外美术史主题论文

论汉代美术

简议汉代画像石画像砖的艺术特点

姓名刘明阳

年级班级09-10班

专业艺术设计

长沙理工大学设计艺术学院

二零一零年六月

摘要

画像石是遗存丰富，很有特色的秦汉美术史资料。艺术家们以刀代笔，在坚硬的石面上创作了众多精美的图像，用以作为建筑构件，构筑和装饰墓室、石阙等。全国发现的汉画像石数以千。据载，画像石萌发于西汉昭、宣时期，新莽时有所发展，到东汉时进一步扩大，主要分布于山东、河南、陕西、四川及其周围地区。

画像砖，顾名思义就是刻画或模印着画像纹饰的砖，一般认为始于战国晚期，盛于汉代，三国两晋南北朝时期继续流行，是一种建筑装饰构件源于战国末期出现的“雕墙”壁画艺术。秦汉至西汉初期，多用于装饰宫殿衙舍的阶基；西汉中期以后，主要用于装饰墓室壁面；东汉则是画像砖艺术的鼎盛时期。

在汉代画像石、画像砖中，图像表现在取材、技法和主旨意蕴三个不同的层面。同时，从汉代政治、经济、社会和文化的各个方面来考察，我们可以发现画像石、画像砖的产生和表现有着它深厚的时代背景、社会根源和民族文化的底蕴。尤其在繁荣稳定、提倡建设和谐社会的今天，我们如何理解汉代画像石、画像砖表现出来的文化意绪，对于我们重新认识绘画，并加以正确的继承、引导和发扬，具有深远的现实意义。

关键词：画像石，画像砖，社会根源，文化意绪

ABSTRACT（3号黑体）

The portrait stone is remains richly, has the characteristic the Qin and Han Dynasty history of art material very much. The artists write a letter on another's behalf by the knife, has created the numerous fine images in the hard stone facing, with by takes the building unit, the construction and the decoration tomb chamber, Shi Que and so on. The nation discovered the Chinese paints a portrait Shi Shuyi thousand. According to carrying, the portrait stone sprouts in the Western Han Dynasty illustrious, proclaims the time, when the xin dynasty established by wang mang has the development, to the Eastern Han Dynasty when further expands, mainly distributes in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Sichuan and periphery the area.

The brick relief, is as the name suggests the portray or the mold is printing the portrait decorative design in a utensil brick, generally thought that begins in the Warring States later period, in the Han Dynasty, the three-country two jin's Southern and Northern Dynasties time continues abundantly popularly, is one kind of building decoration component stems

from the Warring States last stage to appear “carves the wall”mural art. The Qin and Han Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty initial period, use in decorating the palace alley shed much the step base; After Western Han Dynasty intermediate stage, mainly uses in decorating the tomb chamber wall surface; The Eastern Han Dynasty is the brick relief art prosperous time.

Paints a portrait in the stone in the Han Dynasty, the brick relief, the image displays in the selection, the technique and the primary intention implication three different stratification planes. At the same time, from the Han Dynasty politics, the economical, social and cultural each aspect inspects, we may discover that the portrait stone, the brick relief production and the performance have its deep time background, the social root and the national culture inside story. Especially in prosperous stable, advocate construction harmonious society's today, how did we understand that the Han Dynasty paints a portrait the cultural intention which the stone, the brick relief display, knows the drawing regarding us, and performs correct to inherit, to guide and develops, has the profound practical significance.

Key Words:Stone, Brick and social causes, cultural sense on