条件状语从句及虚拟语气

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条件状语从句

条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,

一类为非真实条件句。

一、真实条件句用陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,

其中if 是如果的意思。

当主句为一般将来时,条件从句用一般现在时表示一般将来的动作。

即:一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形

If he comes, he will bring his violin.

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

A.will rain

B. rains

C. rained

D. is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:

1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.

(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.

(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.

2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

二、非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气的用法及动词形式

(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况:

从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)

主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do

例:

1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.

如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我会告诉你。(事实:不知道)

(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句:If 主语+had+done (过去完成时)

主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done

eg:

1.If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。

(事实:去晚了)

2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。

(事实:没有听我的话)

(3)表示对将来情况的主观推测

主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do

从句:①if+主语+were to do

②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do

③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were [1]

eg:

1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)

2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.

如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小)

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