条件状语从句及虚拟语气
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条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,
一类为非真实条件句。
一、真实条件句用陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,
其中if 是如果的意思。
当主句为一般将来时,条件从句用一般现在时表示一般将来的动作。
即:一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
二、非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气的用法及动词形式
(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况:
从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do
例:
1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:If 主语+had+done (过去完成时)
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done
eg:
1.If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)
2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事实:没有听我的话)
(3)表示对将来情况的主观推测
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do
从句:①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were [1]
eg:
1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小)