细节理解题的解题步骤和方法

细节理解题的解题步骤和方法

一、

细节理解题.是高考英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。根据分类，所有的阅读理解题型按照答案在文中出现的位置和形式不通，可以分为细节理解和主旨大意两大类，而前一类在整个题量当中大概会占到80%甚至以上的比例。

二、细节理解题的分类

细节理解题的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。

1．同样，按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。

（1）集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。

因为具体细节不同，出题形式千变万化，因题而异。如：

【2010江苏】57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably

【2010上海】70.. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that

（2）分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。请注意，分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置，正确答案往往也是关于文章的某一个句子或细节。只是说文章的干扰选项是关于不同的细节，需要我们在定位的时候阅读某一个区域。分散型细节理解题常见的出题方式有：

Which of the following is not true?

We can learn/infer from the passage that…

Which of the following is NOT mentioned about …?

也有因题而异的，有些看似集中的其实也分散在文中，需要考生仔细定位。如：

【2010江苏】61. Some people are against killing wolves because .

原文所陈述的原因有很多段，而并不是单个的句子。

2. 就题目形式而言，细节理解题的表现形式是多种多样的，最常见的有：

（1）文章细节：针对文中细节直接提问

（2）指代判断：判断文中某个代词或特定词组的指代关系

（3）图表数据：对题目中的图标和数据进行简单的计算

（4）词义猜测：推测文中某个词或词组的含义

（5）顺序排列：选择文中细节出现的正确的时间顺序或逻辑顺序

（6）态度目的：作者在文中引入某个细节的目的，或对某个细节或细节人物的态度

三、细节理解解题方法

三大法宝：顺序原则、定位词、排除法

1. 把握解题的顺序原则。一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。

【2010广东】

C

Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.

Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick.

Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.

Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include

certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.

When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.

Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.

51. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.

B. Food poisoning means death.

C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.

D. Food poisoning can be serious.

52. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning .

A. are always accompanied by a fever

B. are too common to be noted

C. can be noticed within hours

D. can be ignored

53. Food poi soning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT .

A. some chemicals

B. low tempertures

C. some tiny living things

D. certain natural materials

54. From Paragraph 5, we can learn that

A. mushrooms should not be eaten

B. vegetables are safer than meat and seafood

C. natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals

D. different types of food should be handled differently

55. It can be inferred from the passage that

A. natural materials are safe in food processing

B. chemicals are needed in food processing

C. food poisoning can be kept under control

D. food poisoning is out of control

该篇文章除了最后一题是主旨大意题外，其他都是细节理解题，而且答案位置的先后顺序与题号顺序是基本一致的。

2. 通过定位词寻找出题点

定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题，就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速的把题干中有标记意义的词或词组划记出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。

（1）什么词才算是定位词呢？

我们首先要关注的是表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词。如

【2010辽宁】64. According to California study, the low-scoring group might .

【2010全国卷II】51. Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in the Europe?

【2010辽宁】61. What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?