西方文化导论课后复习题

1.Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.

Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age，and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology ，Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC-547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water，The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey。

2 What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.

Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western Civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization. The second significant influence was that of philosophy，give sound guidance to later year people to improve and change the world outside themselves。

1. ____ is the major foundation in the western culture and makes a powerful impact on the development of human civilization?

A. Ancient European culture

B. Ancient Greek culture

C.Ancient Chinese culture

D.Ancient Egypt culture

2. Greek culture can be dated back to____.

A. Neolithic Age

B. Bronze Age

C. Stone and Bronze Age

D. the Old Stone Age

3. ____was called “the first citizen of Athens” by Thucydides and in his reign the slave-based democracy politics in Athens reached its peak.

A. Justinian I

B. Cleon

C. Pericles

D. Ptolemy

4. Herodotus, father of Greek History, focuses on describing the war between ____ in his book, The Histories.

A. Thebes and Sparta

B. Persians and Syracuse

C. Athens and Sparta

D. Greeks and Persians

5. ____established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.

A. Plato

B. Socrates

C. Aristotle

D. Heraclitus

Chapter 2

1.Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as are demonstrated in religion, poetry, history and architecture.

In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subsequent Western culture in many fields. According to Greek culture and others’ culture; they created their own gods and myth, In poetry, ancient Rome made brilliant achievements, Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His work has always been cited by later statesmen, writers or scholars,The architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind.

2.In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.

Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture.,religion, philosophy and literature.

In religion, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples ,In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a All in all, the two cultures are closely linkedgreat deal from Greek culture.

3.Roman culture, combined with Greek culture, marks the dawn of Western culture with a heritage rich enough to build up a powerful civilization in the successive centuries. Try to draw up some helpful lessons from the Roman cultural development by focusing on one or two aspects in relation to the development of other cultures.

It is generally agreed that a nation needs to build up its culture on the basis of what has been achieved by its ancestors. At the same time this nation has to pick up something new from other advanced culture sources.Thus the nation has to face a problem of how to handle the relationship between inheritance and learning, We could see the Romans had such a choice in the early days But they were clever enough to make the right choice.they took measures to ensure everything to their benefit, They were so sincere and serious in adopting Greek culture ,In this sense Romans won another victory in addition to their military victory. The lesson of Roman history is that we should try to be humanitarian, generous, tolerant and magnanimous at the moment of crisis or conflict and try to minimize the losses.

A. Multiple Choice

1. Ancient Roman culture is the culture from the formation of ____ to the end of the Roman Empire, which had lasted about 1200 years throughout.

A. Roman Republic,

B. Roman Republic, Byzantium c. Roman Empire, Pax Romana D. Byzantium, Roman Empire

2. ____ were the twins, the founders of Rome in the history.

A. Octavian and Caesar

B. Caesar and Remus

C.Romulus and Remus

D. .Romulus and Octavian

3. ____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.

A. Caesar

B. Octavian

C. Remus

D. Pompey