2004年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案

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考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Nobody knew how he came up with this______ idea about the trip.(2004年清华大学考博试题)A．wearyB．twilightC．unanimousD．weird正确答案：D解析：本句空格处意为“提出这个怪主意”。

weird的意思是“怪异的”，与句意相符。

而“weary疲倦的：twilight模糊的；unanimous意见一致的”都不正确。

2．An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.(2003年复旦大学考博试题)A．thatB．whichC．whatD．whatever正确答案：C解析：本题也可以用“An old woman was badly hurt in an accident that the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack”来表达。

因此，能代替an accident that的只有what。

3．He thought I was lying, ______ I was telling the truth.A．hithertoB．henceforthC．whereasD．nevertheless正确答案：C解析：whereas conj．(表示对比关系)然而，但是，尽管(如：One arrived promptly，whereas the others were late．Some praise him，whereas others condemn him．)。

清华大学博士英语真题2004年

清华大学真题2004年(总分100, 考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET witha single line through the center.1.Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was ______.A torrentB transientC tensileD textured该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B2.Nobody knew how he came up with this ______ idea about the trip.A wearyB twilightC unanimousD weird该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D3.The flower under the sun would ______ quickly without any protection.A winkB withholdC witherD widower该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C4.The ______ of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A segregationB specificationC spectrumD subscription该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A5.He ______ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A repealedB resentedC relayedD reproached该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D6.Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a event.A cholesterolB charcoalC catastrophicD chronic该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C7.He cut the string and held up the two ______ to tie the box.A segmentsB sedimentsC seizuresD secretes该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A8.All the musical instruments in the orchestra will be ______ before it starts.A civilizedB chatteredC chamberedD chorded该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D9.When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be ______.A commencedB compressedC compromisedD compensated该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B10.She made two copies of this poem and posted them ______ to different publishers.A sensationallyB simultaneouslyC strenuouslyD simply该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B11.The ______ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A clashB clarifyC clarityD clatter该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C12.Business in this area has been ______ because prices are too high.A prosperousB secretiveC slackD shrill该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C13.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad ______ when she was ill and had no money.A plightB polarizationC plagueD pigment该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A14.He added a ______ to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A presidencyB prestigeC postscriptD preliminary该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C15.Some linguists believe that the ______ age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A optimisticB optionalC optimalD oppressed该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C16.It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the ______ of their cities.A paradisesB omissionsC orchardsD outskirts该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D17.The meeting was ______ over by the mayor of the city.A presumedB proposedC presentedD presided该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D18.The crowd ______ into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrew B, overthrew C. overpassed D. overflewA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C19.It was clear that the storm ______ his arrival by two hours.A retardedB retiredC refrainedD retreated该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A20.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes ______ over all the other issues.A precedenceB prosperityC presumptionD probability该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:APart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights," he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes."No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government--individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well."Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks ... if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices find the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力) to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade., and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes.21.Which of the following is true about Olson?A He was a fiction writeB He edited the book Power and ProsperitC He taught economics at the University of MarylanD He was against the ownership of private propert该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 222.Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?A Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth buildinB Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rightC Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of thesocietD In some countries, people don't have secure individual rightsbecause they're poo该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A23.What does Olson think about mass production?A It's capital intensivB It's property intensivC It relies on individual laboD It relies on individual skill该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B24.What is the basis for the banking system?A Contract system that can be enforceB People's willingness to deposit money in bankC The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowerD The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loan 该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 225.According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A government interventionB lack of secure individual rightsC being short of capitalD lack of a free market该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BWhere one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their childrenand children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.26.The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______.A is to send them to clinicsB offers recapture of earlier experiencesC is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B27.The child in the nursery ______.A quickly learns to wait for foodB doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC always accepts the rhythm of the world around himD always feels the word around him is warm and friendly该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B28.The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______.A can never be taken too farB should be left to school teachersC will always assist their developmentD should be balanced between two extremes该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D29.Jigsaw puzzles are ______.A too difficult for childrenB a kind of building-block toyC not very entertaining for adultsD suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D30.Parental controls and discipline ______.A serve a dual purposeB should be avoided as much as possibleC reflect the values of the communityD are designed to promote the child's happiness该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CMore than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as "Jewish" when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18,about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jewish, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too."I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families." Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. "This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that," she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hillel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish, and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.31.The best title of this passage is ______.A Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB Jewish Identity in AmericaC Judaism--a Religion?D College Jewish Students该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B32.Among the freshmen at UCLA ______ thought themselves as Jewish.A mostB 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC 62% of those only whose father were JewishD 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B33.The phrase "interfaith marriage" in the Paragraph 3 refers to the ______.A marriage of people based on mutual beliefB marriage of people for the common faithC marriage of people of different religious faithsD marriage of people who have faith in each other该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C34.Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as JewisB The survey was carried out among Jewish FreshmeC The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religioD The research presents a new perspective for the future stud该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B35.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A M Rubin is the founder of HilleB M Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experiencC Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college studentsin the worlD Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewishattitudes towards Judais该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BEach year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This nongovernmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called "first-flush" device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.A fitted cover sits over the "first-flush" device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low cost plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvestingsystem is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.36.People in Bangladesh can use ______ as a safe source of drinking water.A ground waterB rainwaterC drinking waterD fresh water该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B37.Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A Rainwater is free of chemical treatmentB People have been harvesting rainwater for centurieC The water harvesting system is built on a platforD Rainwater can be collected using pipe该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D38.Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A a barrierB a wire screenC a first-flushD a storage tank该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C39.The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by ______.A mosquito insectsB a fitted coverC a first-flush deviceD sunlight该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D40.What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tanB The inner bags need to be replaced every two yearC The water harvesting system should be built on a platforD A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating i该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CPart Ⅲ ClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the (41) of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel (42) to go to bed and pleased when the journey (43) . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed (44) earlier than Usual. When I (45) my cabin, I was surprised (46) that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected (47) but there was asuitcase (48) mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet (49) , except that he was wearing (50) good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not (51) whoever he was and did not say (52) . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered (53) as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a (54) was coming from somewhere.I thought perhaps I had forgotten (55) the door, so I got up (56) the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and (57) , the moon shone through it on to the other bed. (58) there. It took me a minute or two to (59) the door myself. I realized that my companion (60) through the window into the sea.41.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D42.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A43.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C44.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A45.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A46.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D47.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D48.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A49.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D50.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D51.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C52.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C53.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B54.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A55.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A56.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A57.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B58.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B59.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D60.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CPart Ⅳ WritingDirections: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of "Effect of Research Event on My Late Life and Work" with no less than 200English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1.1．在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事是 ______。

2004年03月考博英语试题+答案

中国科学院2004年3月博士研究生入学考试试题PARTⅡDirections: Choose the word or word below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on21. A knowledge of history us to deal with the vast range of problems confrontingA. equipsB. providesC.offers22. In assessing the impact of the loss of a parent through death and divorce it was the distortion of family relationships not the of the bond with the parent in divorce that wasA. dispositionB. distinctionC.distribution23. Finally, let's a critical issue in any honest exploration of our attitudes towards old people, namely the value which our society ascribes to themA. stick toB. turn toC.lead to24. Smuggling is a____________activity which might bring destruction to our economy; therefore,A. pertinentB. fruitfulC.detrimental25. The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under____________ofA. guidelineB. definitionC.constraintD. iden26. The food was divided____________A. equallyB. individuallyC.sufficiently27. Horseback riding____________both the skill of handing a horse and the mastery of diverseA. embracesB. encouragesC.exaggerates28. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,____________their cleanness, toughness, and loA. by virtue ofB. in addition to29. He cannot____________the fact that he was late again for the conference at the universityA. contribute toB. account forC.identify with30. Please do not be____________by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attractA. disgustedB. embarrassedC.irritated31. For nearly 50 years, Spock has been a____________author writing 13 books including anA. prevalentB. precautiousC.prospective32. Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not____________the test oA. keep up withB. stand up toply with33. The business was forced to close down for a period but was____________A. successivelyB. subsequentlyC.predominantlyD. prelimi34. The book might well have____________A. worked outB. gone throughC.caught on35. We had been taken over by another firm, and a management____________A. cleanupB. setupC.breakout36. The poor quality of the film ruined the____________A. ratherB. muchC.otherwise37. I'll have to____________this dress a bit before the wedding nexA. let offB. let goC.let loose38. They reached a(n)____________A. understandingB. acknowledgementC.concessionD. surrender39. After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have____________about ourA. troublesB. fearsC.limitations40. If you don't want to talk to him, I'll speak to him____________A. on your accountB. on your behalfC.for your partPAET ⅢDirection: There are 15 blanks in this part of the test, read the passage through, Then, go back and choose the suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the world or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for otherEverywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are__ 41__things men do orAlmost all fashionable clothes are__ 42__symbolic, so is food. We__ 43__our furniture to serve __ 44__visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses__ 45__the basis of a feeling that it “looks well”to have a “good address.”We trade perfectly good cars in for__ 46__models not always to get better transportation, but to give__ 47Such complicated and apparently__ 49__behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, “why ca n't human beings__ 50__simply and naturally.” Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative__ 51__of such live as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no__ 52__for wanting to__ 53__to a cat and to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process__ 54__instead of41. A. many B. some C. few42. A. highly B. nearly C. merely43. A. make B. get C. possess44. A. of B. for C. as45. A. on B. to C. at46. A. earlier B. later C. former47. A. suggestion B. surprise C. explanation48. A. use B. afford C. ride49. A. useless B. impossible C. inappropriate50. A. live B. work C. stay51. A. passivity B. activity C. simplicity52. A. meaning B. reason C. time53. A. lead B. devote C. proceed54. A. so that B. in that C. considering that55. A. teachers B. students C. mastersPART ⅣDirections: You will read five passage in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some question or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-The Solar Decathlon is under way, and trams of students from 14 colleges and universities are building solar-powered homes on the National Mall in Washington, D. C. in an effort to promote this alternative energy source. This week judges in this Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored event will evaluate these homes and declare one the winner. Unfortunately, for the participants, it rained on the Sept 26th opening ceremonies, and the skies over the Washington have remained mostly overcast since. However, the conditions may have made for a more revealing demonstration of solaAlthough the Solar Decathlon's purpose is to advertise the benefits of electricity-generating solar panels and other residential solar gadgets, the bad weather has made it hard to ignore the limitations. As fate so amply demonstrated, not every day is a sunny day, and indeed DOE's “SolarSince solar is not an always available energy source, even a community consisting entirely of solar homes and businesses would still need to be connected to a constantly-running power plant (most likely natural gas or coal fired) to provide reliable electricity. For this reason, the fossil fuel savings and environmental benefits of solar are considerably smaller than many proponentsWashington, D. C. gets its share of sunny days as well, but even so, solar equipment provides only a modest amount of energy in relation to its cost. In fact, a $ 5,000 rooftop photovoltaic system typically generates no more than $ 100 of electricity per year, providing a rate of returnNor do the costs end when the system is installed. Like anything exposed to the elements, solar equipment is subject to wear and storm damage, and may need ongoing maintenance and repairs. In addition, the materials that turn sunlight into electricity degrade over time. Thus, solar panels will eventually need to be replaced, most likely before the investment has fully paid itself off in the form oSolar energy has always has its share of true believers willing to pay extra to feel good about their homes and themselves. But for homeowners who view it as an investment, it is not a good one. The economic realities are rarely acknowledged by the government officials and solar equipment manufactures involved in the Solar Decathlon and similarly one-sided promotions. By failing to be objective, the pro-56. The Solar Decathlon is most probably the name of a____________B. It has been raining since Sept 26th for thA. It has revealed a mechanical proble59. The environmental benefits of solar power are small because____________A. solar power plants can hardly avoid poll60. It can be inferred that “a passbook savings account”____________61. It can be inferred that in promoting solar energy the US government____________A. admitsEvery year, the American Lung Association (ALA) releases its annual report card on smog, and every year it gives an “F” to over h a lf the nation's counties and cities. When ALA's “State of the Air 2002” recently came out, dozens of credulous local journalists once again took the bait, ominously reporting that their corner of the nation received a failing grade. The national coverage was no better, repeating as fact ALA's statement that it is “gravely concerned” about air quality, and neglecting to solicit the views of even one scientist with a differing view. Too bad, because this report card says a lot less about actual air quality than it does about the tactics and motives ofThe very fact that 60 percent of counties were giver an “F” seems to be alarmist. This is particularly true given that smog levels have been trending downward for several decades. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) statistics, ozone, the primary constituent of smog, has declined by approximately 30 percent since the 1970s. And recent gains indicate that the progress will likely continue, even without the wave of new regulations ALA is now demanding.ALA is correct that some areas still occasionally exceed the federal standard for ozone, but such spikes are far less frequent than in the past. Even Los Angeles, the undisputed smog capital of America, has cleaned up its act considerably. Los Angeles, which exceeded federal smogstandards for 154 days in 1989, has had 75percent fewer such spikes in recent years. But an ALA-assigned “F”Most of the nation is currently in attainment with the current smog standard, and much of the rest is getting close, Nonetheless, ALA chose to assign an “ F” to entire county based on just a few readings above a strict new EPA standard enacted in 1997 but not yet in force. In effect, ALA demanded a standard even more stringent than the federal government's, which allows some leeway for a few anomalously high reading in otherwise clean areas. ALA further exaggerated the public-health hazard by grossly overstating the risks of these relatively minor and sporadic i62.The media's response to ALA's “State of the Air 2002”can best be described as____________63. By citing figures from the EPA, the author seem to contend that____________64. In Paragraph 3, the word “spikes”(in boldface) probably refers to____________65. The author draws on Los Angeles to prove that the ALA____________A. is right to assign an “F”66. The author agrees with the ALA that____________67. One of the problems with the ALA seems to be____________It was (and is )common to think that other animals are ruled by “instinct” whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by “reason,”and that this is why we are so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be blind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work so well-because they processinformation so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take “normal” behavior for granted. We do not realize that “normal” behavior needs to be explained at all. This “instinct blindness”makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the “natural seen strange.”“It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange, so far as to ask for the why of any instinctiveIn our view, William James was right about evolutionary psychology. Making the natural seem strange is unnatural—it requires the twisted outlook seen, for example, in Gary Larson cartoons. Yet it is a central part of the enterprise. Many psychologists avoid the study of natural competences, thinking that there is nothing there to be explained. As a result, social psychologists are disappointed unless they find a phenomenon “that would surprise their grandmothers,” and cognitive psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problem we are bad at, like learning math or playing chess, than ones we are good at. But natural competences—our abilities to see, to speak, to find someone beautiful, to reciprocate a favor, to fear disease, to fall in love, to initiate an attack, to experience moral outrage, to navigate a landscape, and myriad others—are possible only because there is a vast and heterogeneous array of complex computational machinery supporting and regulating these activities. This machinery works so well that we don't even realize that it exists—we all suffer from instinct blindness. As a result, psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the h68. William James believed that man is more flexibly intelligent than other animals because man is more____________A. It is c70. According to the author, which of the following is most likely studied nowadays by psychologist71. The author thinks that psychology is to____________B.C. study abnormal72. The author stresses that our natural abilities are____________A. not replaced by reaB. the same as other animals'D.In her 26 years of teaching English, Shannon McCuire has seen countless misplaced commas,But the instructor at US's Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge said her job is getting harde“I kid you not, the number of errors that I've seen in the past few years have multiplied five times,”Experts say e-mail and instant messaging are at least partly to blame for an increasing indifference toward the rules of grammar“They used to at least feel guilty (about mistakes),”said Naomi Baron, professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, D. C.“They didn't necessarily write a little better, but at leastIronically, Baron's latest book, “Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It's Heading,” became a victim of sloppy proofreading. The book's title is capitalized differently on the cover, spine and title page. “People used to lose their jobs over this,”she said. “And now“Whatever”describes Jeanette Henderson's attitude toward writing. The sophomore at the University of Louisiana at Monroe admits that her reliance on spell check has hurt her grades in English class. “Computer has spoiled us,”But the family and consumer sciences major believes her future bosses won't mind the mistakes as much as her professor does. “Th ey're not going to check semicolons, commas and stuff like that,” HenLSU's McGuire said she teaches her students to use distinct writing styles that fit theirShe emphasizes that there's the informal language of an e-mail to a friend, but there's also the well thouIt's not just e-Society as whole is becoming more informal. Casual wear at work used to be reserved for Friday, for example, but is now commonplace at most offices. There's also a greater emphasis on youth culture, and youth tend to use instant messaging more than adultsEnglish language has been neglected at different points in history but always rebounds. During Shakespearen times, for example, spelling wasn't considered important, and earlyThere will likely be a social force that recognizes the need for clear writing and swings theC. Students are becoming increa74. We can infer from the passage that college students____________B. mostly have very hC. It was renamedD. It caused her to lose77. According to the passage, sloppy writing____________A. parallels a social78.The word “distinct”（in boldface）in the context means____________A. clearB. differentC.A. EmailingB. Slack teachingC. Youth culture.D. Instant messaging.A. ConfiDarkness approached and a cold, angry wind gnawed at the tent like a mad dog. Camped above treeline in the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming, the torrents of air were not unexpected and only a minor disturbance compared to the bestial gnawing going on behind my belly button. In an attempt to limit exposure of my bare bottom to the ice-toothed storm, I had pre-dug a half dozen catholes within dashing distance. Over and over, through the long night, the same scenario was repeated: out of the bay, out of the tent, rush squat, rush back.“Everyone can master a grief,”wrote Shakespeare,Diarrhea, the modern word, resembles the old Greek expression for “a flowing through.”Ancient Egyptian do ctors left descriptions of the suffering of Pharaohs scratched on papyrus even before Hippocrates, the old Greek, gave it a name few people can spell correctly. An equal opportunity affliction, diarrhea has laid low kings and common men, women, and children for at least as long as historians have recorded such fascinating trivia. It wiped out, almost, more soldiers in America's Civil War that guns and sword. In the developing world today, acute diarrhea strikes more than one billion humans every year, and leaves more than five million dead, usually the very young. Diarrhea remains one of the two most common m“Frequent passage of unformed watery bowel movements,”as described by Taver's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, diarrhea falls into two broad types: invasive and non-invasive. From bacterial sources, invasive diarrhea, sometimes called “dysentery,”attacks the lower intestinal wall causing inflammation, abscesses, and ulcers that may lead to mucus and blood (often “black blood” from the action of digestive juices) in the stools, high fever, “stomach” cramsfrom the depths of hell, and significant amounts of body fluid rushing from the patient's nether region. Serious debilitation, even death, can occur from the resulting dehydration and from the spread of the bacteria to other parts of the body. Non-invasive diarrheas grow from colonies of microscopic evil-doers that set up housekeeping on, but do not invade, intestinal walls. Toxins released by the colonies cause cramps, nausea, vomiting, and massive gushes of fluid from the patient's lower intestinal tract. Non-81.In Paragraph 1, the author uses the quoted word “grief”from Shakespeare to refer to____________A. the ter82. According to the description in Paragraph 1, which of the following did the author NOT do atB. Camping in the mounta83. Who first gave the disease the name84. According to Paragraph 2____________D. the elderly are more likely attacked by diarrhea than85. The invasive diarrhea and the non-invasive diarrhea are different in that____________C. the former makes the patPART ⅤDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet ⅡThe aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge. 1I have met such persons, and found that there was no topic that might come up in the course of the conversation concerning which they did not have some facts or figures to produce, but whose points of view were appalling.Such persons have erudition (the quality of being knowledgeable), but no discernment, or taste. Erudition is a merematter of stuffing fact or information, while taste or discernment is a matter of artistic judgment. 2. In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between a man's scholarship, conduct, and taste or discernment.This is particularly so with regard to historians; a book of history may be written with the most thorough scholarship, yet be totally lacking in insight or discernment, and in the judgment or interpretation of persons and events in history, the author may show no originality or depth of understanding. Such a person, we say, has no taste in knowledge. To be well-informed, or to accumulate facts and details, is the easiest of all things. 3.There are many facts in a given historical period that can be easily stuffed into our mind, but discernment in the selection of significant facts is a vastly more difficult thing and depends upon one's point of view.An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. 4. Now to have taste or discernment requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, an independence of judgment, and an unwillingness to be knocked down by any form of fraud, social, political, literary, artistic, or academic.There is no doubt that we are surrounded in our adult life with a wealth of frauds: fame frauds, wealth frauds, patriotic frauds, political frauds, religious frauds and fraud poets, fraud artists, fraud dictators and frauds psychologists. When a psychoanalyst tells us that the performing of the functions of the bowels(肠道) during childhood has a definite connection or that constipation(便秘) leads to stinginess of character, all that a man with taste can do is to feel amused. 5. When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed and overawed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we haven't.PART ⅥDirections: Write an essay of no less than 200 wors on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet ⅡSome people think that material wealth is a sign of success in China today. Do you agree or disagree? State your opinion and give good reasons.试题详解第二部分词汇21.A provide, satisfy和offer三个动词之后都不跟动词不定式。

北京大学博士英语真题2004年

北京大学真题2004年(总分95, 考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Structure and Written ExpressionDirections: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.1.The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are ______, exist only until the sunset.A equitableB ephemeralC euphoniousD evasive该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B2.Brooding and hopelessness are the ______ of Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.A occupationsB promisesC frustrationsD transactions该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B3.What ______ about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken family.A worked me outB knocked me outC brought me upD put me forward该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B4.______ considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory.A Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manB Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban manC No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manD Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A5.Not until the 1980's ______ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A some concerned citizensB some concerning citizensC did some concerning citizensD did some concerned citizens该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D6.The buttocks are ______ most other parts in the body.A likely less to cause fatale damage thanB likely less causing fatal damage toC less likely to cause fatal damage thanD less likely to cause fatal damage to该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C7.The concept of internet, ______ has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.A the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distancesB transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distancesC to transmit images, sounds and messages on distanceD the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances 该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A8.Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to ______ the idea of applying for study in the United States.A reduceB yieldC relinquishD waver该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C9.His request for a day off ______ by the manager of the company.A was turned offB was turned downC was put downD was put away该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B10.The index of industrial production ______ last year.A raised up by 4 percentB rose up with 4 percentC arose up with 4 percentD went up by 4 percent该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D11.Please ______ if you ever come to Sydney.A look at meB look me upC look me outD look to me该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B12.British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats.A a sharp set-backB severe set-backC a severe blown-upD sharp blown-up该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A13.By the end of the year 2004, he ______ in the army for 40 years.A will have servedB will serveC will be servingD will be served该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A14.______ there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. smith ______ the invitation to visit that area.A If he knew, would have declinedB If he had known, would declineC Had he known, would declineD Had he known, would have declined该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D15.In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could ______.A hear somebody mournB hear somebody mourningC hear somebody mournedD hear somebody, had been mourning该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B16.The team leader of mountain climbers marked out ______.A that seemed to be the best routeB what seemed to be the best routeC which seemed to be the best routeD something that to be the best route该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B17.The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even ______.A to consider supporting itB considering to support itC to considering to support itD considering supporting it该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B18.Among the first to come and live in North America ______, who later prospered mainly in New England.A had been Dutch settlersB Dutch settlers were thereC were Dutch settlersD Dutch settlers had been there该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C19.The cargo box has a label ______ on it. Please handle it with care.A "flexible"B "break"C "fragile"D "stiff"该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C20.______ we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.A Much asB As muchC More asD As well as该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:APart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWhat Makes a "Millennial Mind"?(1) Since 1000 AD, around 30 billion people have been born on our planet. The vast majority have come and gone unknown to all but their friends and family. A few have left some trace on history: a discoverymade, perhaps, or a record broken. Of those, fewer still are remembered long after their death. Yet of all the people who have lived their lives during the last 1000 years, just 38 have achieved the status of "Millennial Minds" that's barely one in a billion. Those whose lives Focus has chronicled have thus become members of possibly the most exclusive list of all time. And choosing who should be included was not easy.(2) From the beginning, the single most important criterion was that the "Millennial Minds" are those who did more than merely achieve greatness in their own time, or in one field. Thus mere winners of Nobel Prizes had no automatic right to inclusion, nor artists who gained fame in their own era, but whose reputation has faded with changing fashion. The achievements of the genuine "Millennial Mind" affect our lives even. now, often in ways so fundamental that it is hard to imagine what the world was like before.(3) Not even transcendent genius was enough to guarantee a place in the Focus list. To rate as a "Millennial Mind", the life and achievements also had to cast light on the complex nature of creativity: its origins, nature and its personal cost.21.The first paragraph tells us that ______.A Focus had a list of "Millennial Minds" worked out in secretB Focus had compiled a biographical book of the lives of "Millennial Minds"C Focus's list of the "Millennial Minds" consists of a strictly selected fewD Focus tried hard to exclude most of the famous lives from the listof the "Millennial Minds"该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C22.According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A Nobel Prize winners are not qualified for the "Millennial Minds".B A "Millennial Mind" needs only to have a great influence on the lives of the people of his timC Only those whose achievements still greatly affect our lives todaycan be included in the list of the "Millennial Minds".D The "Millennial Minds" are those who have changed human lives somuch that people of later generations can not remember what things were like in the pas该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C23.In the first sentence of the third paragraph, "transcendent genius" means ______.A people who are exceptionally superior and great in talentB people whose achievements are not forgotten by later generationsC people whose genius has been passed down to the present timeD people who have guaranteed themselves a place in the Focus list 该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A24.In the third paragraph, the phrase "cast light on" can be replaced by ______.A shine overB light upC shed light onD brighten up该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CPassage TwoTribute to Dr. Carlo Urbani, Identifier of $ARS(1) On the 29th of March, 2003, the World Health Organization doctor Carlo Urbani died of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, thefast-spreading pneumonia that had killed 54 people worldwide.(2) The 46-year-old Italian doctor was the first WHO officer to identify the outbreak of this new disease in an American businessman. Dr. Urbani first saw the US businessman on Feb. 28, two days after the patient had been admitted to a hospital in Hanoi. Although Urbani had worn a mask, he lacked goggles and other protective clothing. He began demanding that Hanoi hospitals stock up on protective gear and tighten up infection control procedures. But he was frustrated at how long it was taking to teach infection-control procedures to people in hospitals. There were shortages of supplies, like disposable masks, gowns, gloves.(3) After three weeks of round-the-clock effort, Urbani's superior urged him to take a few days off to attend a medical meeting in Bangkok, where he was to talk on childhood parasites. The day after he arrived, he began feeling ill with symptoms of the new disease. He called his wife, now living in Hanoi with their three children. He said: "Go back to Italy and take the children, because this will be the end for me." Dr. Urbani developed a fever and was put into isolation where he remained until his death. The WHO representative in Hanoi said: "He was very much a doctor, and his first goal was to help people."(4) He was buried on April 2, 2003 in Castelplanio, central Italy, leaving behind his wife and children. The measures he helped put in place before his death appear to have doused the SARS wildfire in Vietnam.25.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A D Urbani caught SARS from an American businessman who was hospitalized in HanoB There were not enough disposable masks, gowns, gloves and protective equipmenC He knew he had little hope to survive after he was found infecteD D Urbani had helped combating the new disease by putting in placea series of infection-control measure该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A26.In the third paragraph, "three weeks of round-the-clock effort" means ______.A for three weeks the hospital was taking in SARS patients without stoppingB D Urbani worked day and night for three weeks, trying to get SARS under controlC for three weeksD Urbani did not have any time to sleep, trying hard to fight the new diseaseD After three weeks' hard work to control SARS, the hospital superiorthought it was time to stop the clock该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B27.According to the context, the word "doused" in the last sentence of this passage could be best replaced with ______.A extinguishedB eliminatedC solvedD deluged该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:APassage ThreeGlass(1)Since the Bronze Age, about 3000 B. C, glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, lime, and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century.(2) When heated the mixture becomes soft and moldable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance),glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow.(3) Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or "freeze" at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying moldable stages until it flows like a thick syrup. Each of these stages allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus open to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.28.According to the passage glass cools and becomes rigid differently from metals because ______.A it has an unusually low melting temperatureB it does not set up a network of interlocking crystalsC it has a random molecular structure of a liquidD it is made from a mixture of silica, lime, and soda该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B29.In the phrase "without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process" in the second paragraph, a substitute for the word "customarily" may be ______.A continuouslyB certainlyC eventuallyD usually该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D30.Glass can be easily molded into all kinds of forms because ______.A it melts like liquid when heatedB it softens gradually through varying stages when heatedC it retains the shape at the point when it is suddenly cooledD various heating techniques can be used in making glass该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSection BDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.No one gets out of this world alive, and few people come through life without at least one serious illness. (31) If we are given a serious diagnosis, it is useful to try to remain free of panic and depression. Panic can constrict blood vessels and impose an additional burden on the heart. (32) Depression, as medical researchers way back to Galen, that ancient Greek doctor, have observed, can set the stage for other illnesses or intensify existing ones. It is no surprise that so many patients who learn that they have cancer or heart disease or any other catastrophic disease become worse at the time of diagnosis. (33) The moment they have a label to attach to their symptoms, the illness deepens. All the terrible things they have heard about disease produce the kind of despair that in turn complicates the underlying condition. (34) It is not unnatural to be severely apprehensive about a serious diagnosis, but a reasonable confidence is justified. Cancer today, for example, is largely a treatable disease. A heavily damaged heart can be reconditioned. (35) Even a positive HIV diagnosis does not necessarily mean that the illness will move into the active stage.31.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 232.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2略33.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2略34.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2略35.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2略Part Ⅲ Cloze T estDirections: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Flowers for the DeadSince flowers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet people in many cultures top coffins or caskets with wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on the graves of the (36) . This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolff speculated that floral tributes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient (37) . In cultures that firmly believed in an (38) , and that believed further that the departed could enter that afterlife only (39) they took with them indications of their worldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with material goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed toaccompany (40) rulers, the riches (41) with Egyptian pharaohs, and the coins that Europeans used to place on the departed person's eyes as payment for the Stygian ferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, theactual (42) goods were replaced (43) symbolic representations. In China, for example, gold and silver paper became a stand-in (44) real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the (45) step in "three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object, its substitute in various forms, and finally mere tributes of respect."36.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 137.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:people38.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:afterlife39.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:if40.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:the41.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:or42.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:real43.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:by44.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:of45.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:finalPart Ⅳ ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (—) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (—). Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(46)Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. (47) In this way, consumers and business may find easier to make cheaper telephone calls under new rules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. (48) Taking together, the new rules could profoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides. (49) They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F.C.C. chairman, and his two Republican colleagues on the five-member commission said that (50) a 4-to-1 vote on Thursday to allow a small company providing computer-to-computer phone connections to operate in different rules from ordinary phone companies, would ultimately transform the telecommunications industry and the Internet.(51) "This is a reflecting of the commission's commitment to bring tomorrow's technology to consumers today." said Mr. Powell. He added that (52) the rules governing the new phone services sought to make them as wide available as email (53) and possibly much less expensive than traditional phones, and given their lower regulatory costs. At the same time, (54) once while the rules allowing delivery of the Internet through power lines are completed, (55) companies could provide consumers with the ability to plug their modems directly into wall sockets, just like they do with a toaster, or a desk lamp.46.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 247.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:find 后加 it48.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:Taking 改为 Taken49.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:industries, 后加 and50.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:in 改为 under51.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:reflecting 改为 reflection 52.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:wide 改为 widely53.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:and 去掉54.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:while 去掉55.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:like 改为 asPart Ⅴ WritingDirections: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1.Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 15略深色：已答题浅色：未答题。

全国部分高校考博英语作文

全国部分高校考博英语作文清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题；PartⅤWriting(20%)；Directions:Inthispart,yo；1.在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是；2.使我难忘的原因是；3.它对我后来的影响是；北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题；PartFiveWriting；Direction:Writeashortcom；Topic:Writ清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅴ Writing (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。

2. 使我难忘的原因是。

3. 它对我后来的影响是。

北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Five WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below: (15%)Topic: Write in 250～300 words about China s auto industry.北京大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part FiveWritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. (15%)Topic: Comment on the Development of the Internet北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part SixWritingDirections: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises中国人民大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Directions: Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “Op portunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization.”中国人民大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “Social Sciences and the Humanities should Play a More Important Role in the 21st Century”.中国人民大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Directions: Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”. Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.武汉大学2002 年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅵ Writing (15%)Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a compositon entitled Pressures of Modern Man in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines.1. 现代人会遇到各种各样的压力2. 压力的来源3. 如何减轻自己的压力武汉大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅵ. Writing (15%)Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Looking Forward to the New Reform of College English in China in no less than 200 words. Your compositon should be based on the following outlines.1. 有些人认为随着各种高水平电子课件的制作与引进，大学生基本上可以自学英语了。

2004年考博英语题

2004年考博英语题一、Directions1. My brother knows so much about the stars that I am sure it would be impossible to find his _____.A. equivalentB. equityC. equalityD. equal答案：D. equal2. The young couple had made their fortunes by developing a ____travel business at home.A. beneficialB. profitableC. regenerativeD. financial答案：B. profitable3. The two scientists working independently made the same invention ____.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. collaborativelyD. elaborately答案：B. simultaneously4. the scientist’s discovery will have a ______influence on mankind.A. grossB. solidC. completeD. profound答案：D. profound5. when he recited the passage by _____, he revealed that he was reproducing _____without understanding their meaning.A. after /causeB. sounds/meaningC. sounds/pronunciationD. rote/sounds答案：C. sounds/pronunciation6. were the diameter of a wire smaller diameter, its resistance _______.A. had been increasedB. would be increasedC. might have been increasedD. was increased答案：B. would be increased7. all of us decided to stop and have dinner, _____we were feeling very hungryA. moreoverB. forC. whereasD. consequently答案：B. for8. The number and diversity of British newspaper _____considerable.A. have beenB. areC. wereD. is答案：D. is9. Mary is reading ______.A. an exciting, detective old storyB. an old, exciting, detective storyC. an exciting, old detective storyD. a detective, old exciting story答案：C. an exciting, old detective story10. having potential energy, a body may be in motion without any external force____.A. to act itB. acting on itC. act on itD. acts on it答案：B. acting on it11. He has only a _____understanding of astronomy.A. originalB. superficialC. criticalD. identical答案：B. superficial12. he was too sick to stay here, _____we sent him home.A. howeverB. furthermoreC. otherwiseD. accordingly答案：D. accordingly13. I believe the house was ____ set fire to.A. deliberatelyB. crediblyC. violentlyD. vigorously答案：A. deliberately14. The managing director took the ____for the accident although it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. blameC. changeD. accusation答案：B. blame15.They managed to ______ valuable raw materials from industrial wasters.A. reclaimB. reconcileC. rectifyD. regulate答案：A. reclaim16. Logging at 5 p.m. is part of his daily _____.A. habitB. practiceC. routineD. custom答案：C. routine17. Sounding a big city one usually finds the _____ and industrial beltsA. habitatB. inhabitedC. dwellingD. residential答案：D. residential18. it was clear that the garden was no more amateur affair, it had been professionally ______.A. laid outB. laid downC. laid offD. laid aside答案：A. laid out19. Each one of us advised him not to sign the contract with her, but ____.A. to good purposeB. for the purposeC. in good shapeD. to any purpose答案：B. for the purpose20. I spend much time on that composition and I would _____ it if you would do the same when you mark it.A. modifyB. decorateC. compileD. appreciate答案：D. appreciate二、Reading comprehension1. What is the best title for this passage?A. science and the trumpetB. recordings of the trumpetC. the trumpet and its ancestryD. how the trumpet is made答案：C. the trumpet and its ancestry2. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is needed tomake the trumpet work?A. air pressureB. keen eyesightC. daily cleaningD. long fingers 答案：A. air pressure3. Which of the following can be inferred about the first trumpet players?A. they could not play all the notes of the scaleB. they were not able to pick up the trumpetC. they could not play simple tunesD. they had difficulty improving upon the trumpet答案：A. they could not play all the notes of the scale4. The word “one ”(1st sentence of 4th para. )could best be replaced byA. the listenerB. a familyC. the composerD. an instrument答案：A. the listener5. The author believe that the trumpet is particularly important because itA. can be used in rock bandsB. had historical significanceC. is a religious instrumentD. has a narrow range答案：B. had historical significance6. according to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future ofthe universe because we---A. have too many conflicting theoriesB. do not have enough funding to continue our researchC. are not sure how the universe is put togetherD. think too much of our present situation答案：C. are not sure how the universe is put together7. What does the author see as the function o f the universe’s unseen switches?A. they tell us which one of the tracks the universe will useB. they enable us to alter the course of the universeC. they give us information about the lunar surfaceD. they determine which course the universe will take in the future答案：D. they determine which course the universe will take in the future8. Which of the following could best replace the word “track”(6th sentence of 2nd para.)A. bandB. railsC. pathD. sequence答案：C. path9. For whom is the author probably writing this passage?A. train engineersB. general audiencesC. professors of statisticsD. young children答案：B. general audiences10. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage?A. a statement illustrated by analogyB. a hypotheses supported by documentationC. a comparison of two contrasting theoriesD. a critical analysis of a common assumption答案： A. a statement illustrated by analogy11. from the information presented by the author, it seem s that crows_______.A. can communicate wit on anotherB. are relatively easy to catchC. usually succeed in bobbing the nests of smaller birdsD. do damage to gardens grain fields and orchards答案：C. usually succeed in bobbing the nests of smaller birds12. what do the sentinels do>A. they give signals to the crows if any danger is coming near.B. they discover good places for the crows to build their nests.C. they find fields and gardens that can supply the crows with food.D. they defend the crows against the attacks of the small birds.答案：A. they give signals to the crows if any danger is coming near.13. what is the effect of man’s war against crows?A. “crow shoots” are reducing the number of crows.B. crows are just as numerous as they ever wereC. scarecrows are driving crows from the United StatesD. crows are doing more and more damager all the time答案：B. crows are just as numerous as they ever were14. crows help the farmer by _____.A. warning him when danger approachB. learning to say wordsC.D. catch bugs and other insects答案：D. catch bugs and other insects15. what is the author’s feeling about crows?A. he thinks that they are harmful and should be controlledB. he thinks that their voices are interesting and should be trainedC. he enjoys studying them and their habitsD. he likes theme and wants to protect them答案：D. he likes theme and wants to protect them16. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. American political parties in the twentieth centuryB. the role of ideology in American politiesC. the future direction of Unites States politiesD. differences between Republican and Democrats答案：A. American political parties in the twentieth century17. according to the passage, what is true of the major political parties in the United States?A. they are both generally conservativeB. party organization has been stronger at the state level than at the national levelC. party organization has increased their influence in recent yearsD. Democrats have been stronger than Republican at the national level答案：B. party organization has been stronger at the state level than at the national level18. The passage mentions all of the following as causes of the decline of politicalorganizations in the United States except---A. increased numbers of immigrantsB. development of the welfare statesC. improved conditions for state workersD. the influence of television答案：A. increased numbers of immigrants19. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?A. Democrats are more committed than Republicans to a market-oriented economyB. Republicans are more liberal than DemocratsC. Republicans and Democrats tend to be flexible on ideological questionsD. only Democrats have traditional political organizations答案：C. Republicans and Democrats tend to be flexible on ideological questions 20. The word “irrelevant” in the last sentence of the passage is closest in meaning to ---A. unquestioningB. uninterestingC. unimportantD. invalid答案：B. uninteresting21. According to behaviorism, all human actions_________.A. are based on stimulus and responseB. have no bearing on human drivesC. are supposed to be highly motivatedD. are of a great mystery答案：A. are based on stimulus and response22. Behaviorism basically believes in_______.A. motivationB. PerformanceC. rewardsD. human factors答案：C. rewards23. From the passage, it can be inferred that _______.A. rewards are highly effective in AmericaB. rewards are not much sought after in academic circlesC. rewards have long lost their appeal in American societyD. Americans are addicted to rewards答案：D. Americans are addicted to rewards24. The children’s behavior in the last paragraph_______.A. can be best explained be behaviorismB. can be linked to Pavlov’s dogsC. shows that rewards may well kill desireD. serve to provided evidence to behaviorism答案：C. shows that rewards may well kill desire25. Which of the following in support of the finding that “people tend to perform worse,…when a reward is involved”( last paragraph )?A. People are not used to being conditioned by prizes.B. Rewards, like punishments, are attempts to control behavior.C. Rewards are so indispensable to American cultures.D. The principle of “positive reinforcement” in not fully enforced.答案：B. Rewards, like punishments, are attempts to control behavior.26. Dr Adams left London---A. two days before the conferenceB. on W ednesday 16thC. on the day before the conferenceD. on the 13th答案：D. on the 13th27. Dr Adams---A. was a good travelerB. found long journeys exhaustingC. usually fell asleep on long journeysD. was a keen sightseer答案：B. found long journeys exhausting28. After dinner Dr Adams and his companion---A. sat and talkedB. went to bed earlyC. went out into the streets of New DelhiD. caught the plane to Colombo答案：C. went out into the streets of New Delhi29. All the delegates to the conference were---A. students of the Commonwealth School of Tropical AgricultureB. from the developing countriesC. from AfricaD. agricultural experts答案：D. agricultural experts30. The “old friends” that Dr Adams met were---A. ex-students of the Commonwealth School of Tropical AgricultureB. people he has worked with beforeC. delegates he had met at the hotelD. delegates who were interested in his lecture答案：A. ex-students of the Commonwealth School of Tropical Agriculture31. The action of the story takes place in _______.A. EnglandB. JohnstownC. New Y ork CityD. Not mentioned答案：B. Johnstown32. What type of experience did Megan have on Friday afternoon?A. happyB. uninterestingC. depressingD. frightening答案：D. frightening33. How do you think Megan felt when she saw the wall of water?A. braveB. curiousC. horrifiedD. disappointed答案：C. horrified34. Why do you think the people around Megan to pray?A. because they felt thankfulB. because they wanted to impress MeganC. because they were very afraidD. because they asked for others’ help答案：C. because they were very afraid35. What do you think the ray of light meant to Megan?A. that there might be a way outB. that she could see well enough to readC. that someone was searching for herD. that there was no danger at all答案：A. that there might be a way out三、Translation1. He had not want to hurt her, but an itch to dominate pushed him on to say.答案：他并不想伤害她，但是一种渴望激励着他还是说了。

北京大学考博英语真题2000-2004年答案

北京大学考博英语真题2000-2004年答案北大考博英语2000-2004真题答案2000年试题答案Part I structure and written expression1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D6.D7.C8.C9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.A 21.D 22.A 23.C24.A 25.CPart II reading comprehension26.B 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.A 33.B 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.B 39.D 40.A41. Charm is a gift born with people. People who have charm used to make others happy. Charm grows with use and creates a pleasant, summer-like atmosphere for others. Charm is also decided by the taste and tact of the person who has it.42. When you are with charming people, you can feel it. But it is not something that everyone can have. To be charming, one needs a born quickness of sense and mind, and charming people have a way with people that are uniquely their own and cannot be taught or trained.43. Tricks like wrinkling nose or tossing hair are not charming. On the contrary, they can frighten nervous people away (make them uncomfortable) and want to run away and hide from such unnatural ap proach. But, on the other hand, charm has something to do with one’s ability to feel for others. This is an instinct most people have, and if one cares for others, such awareness will grow.44. The generosity of charming people does not demand a return of generosity from others; it is an offer of pleasant company without asking for repay; and it is given free without waiting after testing whether the recipient is worth the kindness.45. Charm shows itself in the form of casual, yet graceful, easy manners. Such ease and grace do not come because one happens to be young, but are the result of a mature, confident and peaceful personality.Part III Cloze46. them 47. observations 48. not 49. mind 50.another 51.as 52. than 53. forces 54. only 55.how Part IV Proofreading56. (has) been (used) 57. lack----absence 58. explain-----stand59. of-----for 60. rests-------rest 61. (from) being (a)62. unmeasured-----unmeasurable 63. (in) the (human) 64. those----are65. thought-----made 66.(that) which (I) 67.its------their 68.wishful----wishfully69.outgrow----outgrown 70.as 去掉71. (extent) does (it) 72. the----in 73. (unthinking) like 74.giving----gives75. imaginative (persons)------imaginary (persons)2001年答案Part I Structure and Written Expression1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.D7.A8.D9.C 10.A11.B 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A21.D 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.BPart II Reading Comprehension26.C 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.C 31.C 32.B 33.B 34.D35.A 36.D 37.C 38.D 39.C 40.B41. The most common work in life provides a person with a great deal of opportunities to make effort and improve himself.42. One’s happiness and success depend on one’s doing his duties well and faithfully.43.Those who think carefully about reality will find that fortune or success belongs to those who work hard.44. Few of the greatest men believe in genius. They have achieved their success also through common sense and perseverance as other successful men have.45. Some even believe that a genius is only a person with concentrated common sense.Part III Cloze46.between 47.for 48.another 49.as 50.how 51.there52.parents 53.importance 54.likely 55.thanPart IV Proofreading56.become------becoming 57.thousand-----thousands 58.(that) of (all)59.(have) the (fossils) 60.into-----through 61.though去掉62.(exposed) to (the) 63.(disintegrate) in (the)64.(chemicals) that (change) 65.when----as 66.in-----on67.(if) a (huge) 68.towered-----towering 69.where-----that70.(out) to (sea) 71.(bodies) into (the) 72.(the) cities (of)73.remarkably------remarkable 74.for 去掉74.leave-----leaving2002年答案Part II Structure and Written Expression41.D 42.C 43.C 44.B 45.C 46.B 47.C 48.A49.A 50.B 51.D 52.A 53.B 54.B 55.C 56.C57.A 58.A 59.B 60.CPart III Reading Comprehension61.D 62.B 63.D 64.D 65.C 66.A 67.B 68.C 69.D70.A71. People trying to prolong their lives and seek for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are actually defeating themselves inwardly.72. It becomes possible for one to extend one’s life by medical means. But such life has lost its dignity and value, just like over-used resources or powerless politics.73. These views are not to show anger towards medicine, nor do they mean any rude fighting against the victory of medicine.74.Therefore, the most successful time of medicine becomes the beginning of a hard situation.75. Medicine has made people’s expectations to it too high, and people let their expectations grow unlimitedly without realizing it.Part IV Cloze76.all 77.feeling/emotion 78.telling 79.impossible 80.another81.imagined 82.out 83.risk 84.for 85.reducedPart V Proofreading86.impersonate----impersonating 87.flashing----flash 88.speed----speeding89.is-----was 90.as-----than 91.mere-----merely 92.apologizing---apology93.whom----which 94.with----in 95.(was) not (mine)2003年答案Part II Structure and Written Expression41.A 42.D 43.B 44.A 45.A 46.C 47.C 48.D 49.D50.B 51.A 52.C 53.A 54.D 55.A 56.A 57.C 58.C59.A 60.BPart III Reading Comprehension61.B 62.A 63.C 64.C 65.D 66.A 67.A 68.D69.A 70.B71. A few months ago, government officials of Singapore did something that was quite historic in the movie industry, but they did not do it on purpose.72. The reason why the Singaporean government didn’t allow children under 17 to watch the movie and banned the 15-second advertisement was that the government officials thought that the movie used too much Singaporean English.73. If you take the strict action against the movie into account, you would think that Singlish was something harmful like drugs or obscene materials that might lead young people astray.74.Singlish is just slang English spoken in Singapore, in which Chinese grammar is applied and it is freely mixed here and there with words from local Chinese, Malay and Indian dialects.75.Singaporean English is especially popular nowadays among young people, partly because the language gives worried, nervous and anxious Singaporeans a chance to make fun of themselves. Part IV Cloze76.to 77.young 78.eating 79.with e 81.access82.intact nd 84.wiped 85.beingPart V Proofreading86. by----with 87.mixing----mixed 88.all-----some 89.(fear) the (same)90.skeptical----skeptically 91. dependent----independent92.lead----led 93.for----as 94.hundred----hundreds 95.in去掉2004年答案Part II Structure and Written Expression41.B 42.C 43.B 44.A 45.D 46.C 47.C 48.C 49.B50.D 51.B 52.A 53.A 54.D 55.B 56.B 57.A 58.A59.C 60.APart III Reading Comprehension61.C 62.D 63.A 64.C 65.D 66.B 67.A 68.B69.D 70.B71. It is useful for people not be so frightened and sad when they get to know that they are caught up with a serious illness.72. Medical researchers, who believe in Calen, an ancient Greek doctor, have discovered that depression can cause other illnesses or exacerbate the illnesses that have already existed.73. Once people have recognized what illness they get, it will deteriorate.74. It is natural for one to be greatly concerned about his illness; however, it will be reasonable for one to have good confidence that he can overcome it.75.Even if one is caught up with the most serious illness, such as AIDS, it does not necessarily follow that one will die of it soon.Part IV Cloze76. dead 77. funeral 78. afterlife 79. when 80. with 81.and 82.grave 83.by 84. for 85. secondPart V Proofreading86.could----can 87.( find) it (easier) 88.taking-----taken89.implications----implication 90.transform------change 91.reflecting---reflection92.wide----widely 93.and去掉94.while去掉95.like-----as考博英语怎么复习？/yingyu_fuxi.html考博英语真题汇总专题/kaobo_zhenti.html 2012考博英语词汇/kaobo_yingyu_cihui.html2012考博英语作文模板/kaobo_yingyu_zuowen.html2012医学考博专题/yixue_kaobo.html 2012医学考博英语/yixue_kaobo_yingyu.html2012医学考博英语听力/yixue_yingyutingli.html。

清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流

清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20%)(略）Part ⅡVocabulary (10%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the__________of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a __________event.A. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family offive with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get old er.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identityspecifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy shouldguarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free marketPart ⅣCloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected__67__but there was a suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet__69__, except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did not say__72__. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the other bed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that my companion__80__through the window into the sea.61. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end64. A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone68. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere70. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such71. A. treat together well B. pass together wellC. get on well togetherD. go by well together72. A. him a single word B. him not one wordC. a single word to himD. not one word to him73. A. up me B. up myself C. up to myself D. myself up74. A. draft B. voice C. air D. sound75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like thatC. as I did soD. at doing so78. A. It was no one B. There was no oneC. It was anyoneD. There was anyone79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lockC. remind lockingD. remember locking80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumpedC. must have jumpedD. could be jumpedPart ⅤWriting (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the t itle of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。

考博英语词汇历年真题试卷汇编57_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编57(总分50, 做题时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1.**ing of the railways in the 1830s______our society and economic life.SSS_SINGLE_SELA transmittedB transportedC transferredD transformed分值: 2答案:D解析：transform(into)vt．改造，改善；使改观；变换，使变样(transform an old house into a showplace；transform heat into power；transform sb．into a responsible person)。

transmit vt．传送，传递，输送；播送，发射。

transport vt.运输，运送。

transfer vt.转移，转换；调动。

2.These technological advances in communication have______ the way people do business.(2006年厦门大学考博试题)SSS_SINGLE_SELA revoltedB adoptedC representedD transformed分值: 2答案:D解析：通信方面的技术进步改变了人们经商的方式。

四个选项中，revolted的意思是“反抗，起义，反叛”；adopted的意思是“采用，收养”：represented的意思是“表现，描绘，声称，象征”：transformed的意思是“转换，改变，改造，使……变形”。

根据题意，D项为正确答案。

3.Planning our vocation we must take the frequent ______ of the weather into consideration.(2008年四川大学考博试题)SSS_SINGLE_SELA transformationB transmissionC transactionD transition分值: 2答案:A解析：transaction交易，处理；transition过度，转变。

清华大学考博英语-4.doc

清华大学考博英语-4(总分：134.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：7.50)1.The child should always ______ the same basic procedure: seeing the whole word-hearing and pronouncing-writing from memory.（分数：1.00）A.go throughB.take overC.respond toD.carry off2.The government decided to take a______action to strengthen the market management.（分数：0.50）A.diverseB.durableC.epidemicD.drastic3.They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any______ones in this area?（分数：0.50）A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacantD.vacate4.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad ______ when she was ill and had no money.（分数：1.00）A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment5.Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.（分数：0.50）A.alternatedB.amplifiedC.designatedD.diverged6.In the new shark repellent method, an insulated cable is buried on the bottom of the sea arounda beach from which people swim.（分数：1.00）A.frighteningB.resistingC.protectiveD.raising7.Nobody knew how he came up with this ______ idea about the trip.（分数：1.00）A.wearyB.twilightC.unanimousD.weird8.Some people seem to______on the pressure of working under a deadline.（分数：0.50）A.renderB.evolveC.prevailD.thrive9.The industry has pumped______amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.（分数：0.50）A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional10.These melodious folk songs are generally ______ to Smith, a very important musician of the century.（分数：1.00）A.devotedB.contributedposedD.ascribed二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：88.00)There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. "A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language," says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. "Unfortunately. It"s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged from eight to fifteen."One study showed that almost 90 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said, "There are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We"re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it"s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.They also said, "The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts." In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are compelled. A description of the outcome of the game says: "Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them."Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（分数：2.00）A.Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C.Those that help people use computer language.D.Those that teach computer technology.(2).According to the investigators,______（分数：2.00）A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take parting real violent actsB.the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games male the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners(3).It can be inferred from the passage that______（分数：2.00）A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB.it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence because of computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence(4).The author uses" television advertising" as an example to show that______（分数：2.00）A.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeputer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC.there is little link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeWhere one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child"s acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child"s own happiness and well-being.（分数：10.00）(1).The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______.（分数：2.00）A.is to send them to clinicsB.offers recapture of earlier experiencesC.is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced(2).The child in the nursery ______.（分数：2.00）A.quickly learns to wait for foodB.doesn"t initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC.always accepts the rhythm of the world around himD.always feels the word around him is warm and friendly(3).The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______.（分数：2.00）A.can never be taken too farB.should be left to school teachersC.will always assist their developmentD.should be balanced between two extremes(4).Jigsaw puzzles are ______.（分数：2.00）A.too difficult for childrenB.a kind of building-block toyC.not very entertaining for adultsD.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation(5).Parental controls and discipline ______.（分数：2.00）A.serve a dual purposeB.should be avoided as much as possibleC.reflect the values of the communityD.are designed to promote the child"s happinessI have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that put-upon member of society--a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I am convinced the things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a deceptive new motto for so-called "service" organizations--Staff Before Service.How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post office or the supermarket because there were not enough staff on duty to man all the service grilles or checkout counters? Sure? in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to hire cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that uncovering all their cash registers at any one time would increase overheads. And the Post office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied "at times when demand is low".It is the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is cut short. As for us guests, we just have to put up with it. There is also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been thrown out of their jobs in the interests of "efficiency" (i. e. profits) and replaced by coin--eating machines which offer everything from lager to laxatives. Not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making kit in your room: a kettle with a mixed collection of tea bags, plastic milk cartons and lump sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I do not, especially when I am paying for "service".Can it be stopped, this worsening of service, this growing attitude that the customer is always a nuisance? I angrily hope so because it is happening, sadly, in all walks of life.Our only hope is to hammer home our anger whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, bring back into practice that other, older slogan--Take Our Custom Elsewhere.（分数：50.00）(1).The writer feels that nowadays a customer ______（分数：10.00）A.deserves the lowest status in society.B.is unworthy of proper consideration.C.receives unexpected quality service.D.is the victim of some public services.(2).The writer argues that the quality of service is changing because ______（分数：10.00）A.customers" demands have radically changed.B.services provided never become consistent.C.the staff receive more consideration than customers.D.the staff are less considerate than their employers.(3).According to the writer, long queues at counters are caused by ______（分数：10.00）A.difficulties in hiring employees.B.deliberate understaffing.ck of cooperation between staff members.D.employers" irresponsibility.(4).Service organizations contend that keeping all checkout counters operated can result in ______（分数：10.00）A.demands by cashiers for a pay raise.B.insignificant benefits for the customers.C.a rise in the coat for providing service.D.needs to purchase expensive equipment.(5).The writer suggests that a customer ______（分数：10.00）A.put up with the rode manners of the staff.B.be patient when queuing before checkout counters.C.try to control his temper when ill-treated.D.go to other places where good service is available.Rubidium, potassium and carbon are three common elements used to date the history of Earth. The rates of radioactive decay of these elements are absolutely regular when averaged out over a period of time; nothing is known to change them. To be useful as clocks, the elements have to be fairly common in natural minerals, unstable but decay slowly over millions of years to form recognizable "daughter" products which are preserved minerals.For example, an atom of radioactive rubidium decays to form an atom of strontium (another element) by converting a neutron in its nucleus to a proton and releasing an electron, generating energy in the process. The radiogenic daughter products of the decay-in this case strontiumatoms--diffuse away and are lost above a certain very high temperature. So by measuring the exact proportions of rubidium and strontium atoms that are present in a mineral, researchers can work out how long it has been since the mineral cooled below that critical "blocking" temperature. The main problems with this dating method are the difficulty in finding minerals containing rubidium, the accuracy with which the proportions of rubidium and strontium are measured, and the fact that the method gives only the date when the mineral last cooled below the blocking temperature. Because the blocking temperature is very high, the method is used, mainly for recrystallized (igneous or metamorphic) rocks, not for sediments--rubidium-bearing minerals in sediments simply record the age of cooling of the rocks which were eroded to form the sediments, not the age of deposition of the sediments themselves.Potassium decays to form (a gas) which is sometimes lost from its host mineral by escaping through pores. Although potassium-argon dating is therefore rather unreliable, it can sometimes be useful in dating sedimentary rocks because potassium is common in some minerals which form in sediments at low temperatures. Assuming no argon has escaped, the potassium-argon date records the age of the sediments themselves.Carbon dating is mainly used in archaeology. Most carbon atoms (carbon-12) are stable and do not change over time. However, cosmic radiation bombarding the upper atmospheres constantly interacting with nitrogen in the atmosphere to create an unstable form of carbon, carbon-14.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the common feature of rubidium, potassium and carbon?（分数：2.00）A.They can be made into clocks.B.They are rich in content.C.Their decay is slow but regular.D.The products of their decay are the same.(2).What aspect of rubidium decay is useful for dating?（分数：2.00）A.The atom produced by the decay is above a certain point of temperature.B.The atom produced by the decay is easy to be detected at a cool temperature.C.The decay produced a. neutron and an electron.D.The decay is sensitive to the changes in temperature.(3).What is the limitation of the rubidium method?（分数：2.00）A.Rubidium is everywhere in the rock.B.Strontium atoms are hard to detect at the normal temperature.C.It cannot date sediments.D.It is time-consuming.(4).Which of the following is the major factor that affects the accuracy of potassium dating?（分数：2.00）A.the number of the mineral poresB.the number of missing argon atomsC.external temperatureD.mineral temperature(5).The underlined word "cosmic" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.（分数：2.00）A.radioactiveanicC.terrestrialD.universalToday"s college students are more narcissistic (自恋的) and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society."We need to stop endlessly repeating "You"re special" and having children repeat that back," said the study"s lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. "Kids areself-centered enough already. Unfortunately, narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with others," he said. The study asserts that narcissists "are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors". Twenge, the author of "Generation Me: Why Today"s Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled- and More Miserable Than Ever Before", said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others.Some analysts have commended today"s young people for increased commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications. Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. "Permissiveness seems to be a component," he said. "A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for."Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don"t necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader, a University of Washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁；灰心) by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status. "We"re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody shouldstand in your way," Kader said. "I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships."Kari Dalane, a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered. "People are worried about themselves--but in the sense of where are they"re going to find a place in the world," she said. "People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn"t mean they"re not concerned about the rest of the world." Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said. "It would be more depressing if people answered, "No, you are not special.""（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, a narcissistic person may______（分数：2.00）A.hate criticismB.be dishonest to his / her partnerC.be unwilling to help othersD.all the above(2).The italicized word "commended"(Line 1, Para.3) means______（分数：2.00）A.praisedB.criticizedC.recommendedD.disfavored(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Narcissism may result in bad consequences.B.College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C.Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narmssism upsurge.D.Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.(4).It is implied that______（分数：2.00）A.both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB.the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC.the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD.college students are pessimistic about their future(5).It is proper to be______when you hear someone say "you are special".（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.pessimisticC.optimisticD.worried三、Part Ⅲ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 1 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 2 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 3 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 4 earlier than Usual. When I 5 my cabin, I was surprised 6 that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 7 but there was a suitcase 8 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 9 , except that he was wearing 10 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 11 whoever he was and did not say 12 . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night.I felt cold but covered 13 as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized thata 14 was coming from somewhere. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 15 the door, so I got up 16 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 17 , the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 18 there.It took me a minute or two to 19 the door myself. I realized that my companion 20 through the window into the sea.（分数：20.00）A.reasonB.motiveC.causeD.sakeA.tired enoughB.enough tiredC.enough tiringD.enough tiringA.is achievedB.finishC.is overD.is in the endA.quiteB.ratherC.fairlyD.somehowA.arrived inB.reached toC.arrived toD.reached atA.for seeingB.that I sawC.at seeingD.to seeA.being lonelyB.to be lonelyC.being aloneD.to be aloneA.likeB.asC.similar thanD.the same thatA.in each placeB.for all partsC.somewhereD.anywhereA.a soB.soC.such aD.suchA.treat together wellB.pass together wellC.get on well togetherD.go by well togetherA.him a single wordB.him not one wordC.a single word to himD.not one word to himA.up meB.up myselfC.up to myselfD.myself upA.draftB.voiceC.airD.soundA.to closeB.closingC.to have to closeD.for closingA.to shutB.for shuttingC.in shuttingD.but shutA.while doing like thatB.as I did like thatC.as I did soD.at doing soA.It was no oneB.There was no oneC.It was anyoneD.There was anyoneA.remind to lockB.remember to lockC.remind lockingD.remember lockingA.had to jumpB.was to have jumpedC.must have jumpedD.could be jumped四、Part Ⅳ Translation(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)11.The hardest hit of all that week were Wall Street"s specialist firms, the traders who were charged with maintaining orderly markets. That task required them to purchase stocks when there were no other buyers and to make sales when other sellers disappeared. Until the end of that week, a total 52 specialist lb-ms had worked on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange: each had handled the shares of 20 to 30 specified Big Board companies. on Black Monday, the specialists grimly fulfilled their responsibilities, buying millions of shares as prices plunged all around them. Their losses could amount to as much as $ 50 million. Securities firms outside Wall Street also felt mortal pain. The 4,500 accounts of the New York Stock Exchange member were taken over by Rodman & Renshaw, a Chicago firm.（分数：-1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、Part Ⅴ Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)12.1．优秀的科研工作者需要具备什么素质?2．举例说明这些素质的重要性。

北京大学2004年博士英语试题

北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part One Listening Comprehension（略）Part Two Structure and Written ExpressionDirections: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEET. （20%）41. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are____, existing only until the sunset.A. equitableB. ephemeralC. euphoniousD. evasive42. Brooding and hopelessness are the ____ of Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.A. occupationsB. promisesC. frustrationsD. transactions43. What ____ about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude coolenough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken family.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward44. ____ considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory.A. Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manB. Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban manC. No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manD. Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man45. Not until the 1980’s ____ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings fromdestruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens46. The buttocks are ____ most other parts in the body.A. likely less to cause fatal damage thanB. likely less causing fatal damage toC. less likely to cause fatal damage thanD. less likely to cause fatal damage to47. The concept of internet, ____ has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.A. the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distancesB. transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distancesC. to transmit images, sounds and messages on distanceD. the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances48. Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to ____ the idea of applying for studyin the United States.A. reduceB. yieldC. relinquishD. waver49. His request for a day off ____ by the manager of the company.A. was turned offB. was turned downC. was put downD. was put away50. The index of industrial production ____ last year.A. raised up by 4 per centB. rose up with 4 per centC. arose up with 4 per centD. went up by 4 per cent51. Please ____ if you ever come to Sydney.A. look at meB. look me up C look me out D. look to me52. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ____ yesterday, when Hunterfailed to qualify during the preliminary heats.A. a sharp set-backB. severe set-backC. a severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up53. By the end of the year 2004, he ____ in the army for 40 years.A. will have servedB. will serveC. will be servingD. will be served54. ____ there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith ____ the invitation to visit that area.A. If he knew, would have declinedB. If he had known, would declineC. Had he known, would declineD. Had he known, would have declined55. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could____.A. hear somebody mournB. hear somebody mourningC. hear somebody mournedD. hear somebody had been mourning56. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out____.A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be the best routeD. something that to be the best route57. The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even____.A. to consider supporting itB. considering to support itC. to considering to support itD. considering supporting it58. Among the first to come and live in North America ____, who later prospered mainly in NewEngland.A. had been Dutch settlersB. Dutch settlers were thereC. were Dutch settlersD. Dutch settlers had been there59. The cargo box has a label ____ on it. Please handle it with care.A. “flexible”B. “break”C. “f r agile”D. “stiff”60. ____ we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.A. Much asB. As muchC. More asD. As well asPart Three Reading ComprehensionI. Directions: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question fouranswers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answerto each question. Put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. （10%）Passage OneWhat Makes a “Millennial Mind”?（1）Since 1000 AD, around 30 billion people have been born on our planet. The vast majority have come and gone unknown to all but their friends and family. A few have left some trace on history: a discovery made, perhaps, or a record broken. Of those, fewer still areremembered long after their death. Yet of all the people who have lived their lives during the last 1,000 years, just 38 have achieved the status of “M illenni al Minds” — that’s barely one in a billion. Those whose lives Focus has chronicled have thus become members of possibly the most exclusive list of all time. And choosing who should be included was not easy.（2）From the beginning, the single most important criterion was that the “Millennial Minds” are those who did more than merely achieve greatness in their own time, or in one field. Thus mere winners of Nobel Prizes had no automatic right to inclusion, nor artists who gained fame in their own era, but whose reputation has faded with changing fashion. The achievements of the genuine “Millennial Mind” affect our lives even now, often in ways so fundamental that it is hard to imagine what the world was like before.（3）Not even transcendent genius was enough to guarantee a place in the Focus list. To rate as a “Millennial Mind”, the life and achievements also had to cast light on the complex nature of creativity: its origins, nature — and its personal cost.61. The first paragraph tells us that ______.A. Focus had a list of “Millennial Minds” worked out in secretB. Focus had compiled a biographical book of the lives of “Millennial Minds”C. Focus’s list of the “Millennial Minds” consists of a strictly selected fewD. Focus tried hard to exclude most of the famous lives fr om the list of the “MillennialMinds”62. According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Nobel Prize winners are not qualified for the “Millennial Minds”.B. A “Millennial Mind” needs only to have a great influence on the lives of the people of histime.C. Only those whose achievements still greatly affect our lives today can be included in thelist of the “Millennial Minds”.D. The “Millennial Minds” are those who have changed human lives so much that people oflater generations can not remember what things were like in the past.63. In the first sentence of the third paragraph, “transcendent genius” means ______A. people who are exceptionally superior and great in talentB. people whose achievements are not forgotten by later generationsC. people whose genius has been passed down to the present timeD. people who have guaranteed themselves a place in the Focus list64. In the third paragraph, the phrase “cast light on” can be replaced by ______A. shine overB. light upC. shed light onD. brighten upPassage TwoTribute to Dr. Carlo Urbani, Identifier of SARS（1）On the 29th of March, 2003, the World Health Organization doctor Carlo Urbani died of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, the fast-spreading pneumonia that had killed 54 people worldwide.（2）The 46-year-old Italian doctor was the first WHO officer to identify the outbreak of this new disease in an American businessman. Dr. Urbani first saw the US businessman on Feb. 28, two days after the patient had been admitted to a hospital in Hanoi. Although Urbani had worn a mask, he lacked goggles and other protective clothing. He began demanding that Hanoi hospitalsstock .up on protective gear and tighten up infection control procedures. But he was frustrated at how long it was taking to teach infection-control procedures to people in hospitals. There were shortages of supplies, like disposable masks, gowns, gloves.（3）After three weeks of round-the-clock effort, Urbani’s superior urged him to take a few days off to attend a medical meeting in Bangkok, where he was to talk on childhood parasites. The day after he arrived, he began feeling ill — with symptoms of the new disease. He called his wife, now living in Hanoi with their three children. He said: “Go back to Italy and take the children, because this will be the end for me.” Dr. Urba ni developed a fever and was put into isolation where he remained until his death. The WHO representative in Hanoi said: “He was very much a doctor, his first goal was to help people.”（4）He was buried on April 2, 2003 in Castelplanio, central Italy, leaving behind his wife and children. The measures he helped put in place before his death appear to have doused the SARS wildfire in Vietnam.65.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Dr. Urbani caught SARS from an American businessman who was hospitalized in Hanoi.B. There were not enough disposable masks, gowns, gloves and protective equipment.C. He knew he had little hope to survive after he was found infected.D. Dr. Urbani had helped combating the new disease by putting in place a series ofinfection-control measures.66. In the third paragraph , “three weeks of round-clock effort” means______.A. for three weeks the hospital was taking in SARS patients without stoppingB. Dr Urbani worked day and night for three weeks, trying to get SARS under controlC. for three weeks Dr. Urbani did not have any time to sleep, trying hard to fight the newdiseaseD. After three weeks hard work to control SARS, the hospital superior thought it was time tostop the clock67.According to the context, the word “doused” in the last sentence of this passage could be best replaced with________A. extinguishedB. eliminatedC. solvedD. delugedPassage ThreeGlass（1）Since the Bronze Age, about 3000 B. C., glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, lime, and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century.（2）When heated the mixture becomes soft and moldable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way （metals, for instance）, glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow.（3）Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turnsfrom a cold substance into a hot, ductile li quid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying moldable stages until it flows like a thick syrup. Each of these stages allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus open to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.68. According to the passage glass cools and becomes rigid differently from metals because_____.A. it has an unusually low melting temperatureB. it does not set up a network of interlocking crystalsC. it has a random molecular structure of a liquidD. it is made from a mixture of silica, lime, and soda69. In the phrase “without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associatedwith that process” in the second paragraph, a substitute for the word “customarily” m ay be____.A. continuouslyB. certainlyC. eventuallyD. usually70. Glass can be easily molded into all kinds of forms because____.A. it melts like liquid when heatedB. it softens gradually through varying stages when heatedC. it retains the shape at the point when it is suddenly cooledD. various heating techniques can be used in making glassⅡ. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered’ and underlined parts. Put your answerson the ANSWER SHEET. （15%）No one gets out of this world alive, and few people come through life without at least one serious illness. （71）If we are given a serious diagnosis, it is useful to try to remain free of panic and depression. Panic can constrict blood vessels and impose an additional burden on the heart. （72）Depression, as medical researchers way back to Galen, an ancient Greek doctor, have observed, can set the stage for other illnesses or intensify existing ones. It is no surprise that so many patients who learn that they have cancer or heart disease — or any other catastrophic disease — become worse at the time of diagnosis. （73）The moment they have a label to attach to their symptoms, the illness deepens. All the terrible things they have heard about disease produce the kind of despair that in turn complicates the underlying condition. （74）It is not unnatural to be severely apprehensive about a serious diagnosis, but a reasonable confidence is justified. Cancer today, for example, is largely a treatable disease. A heavily damaged heart can be reconditioned. （75）Even a positive HIV diagnosis does not necessarily mean that the illness will move into the active stage.Part Four Cloze TestDirections: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10%）Flowers for the DeadSince flowers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet people in many cultures top coffins or caskets with wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on thegraves of the （76）____. This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolff speculated that floral tributes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient （77）____. In cultures that firmly believed in an （78）____, and that believed further that the departed could enter that afterlife only （79）____ they took with them indications of their worldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with material goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed to accompany （80）____ rulers, the riches （81）____ with Egyptian pharaohs, and the coins that Europeans used to place on the departed person’s eyes as payment for the Stygian ferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, the actual （82）____ goods were replaced （83）____ symbolic representations. In China, for example, gold and silver paper became a stand-in （84）____real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the （85）____ step in “three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object, its substitute in various forms, and —finally —mere tributes of respect.”Part Five ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have tochange a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross itout with a slash （\）and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, writethe missing word between the words （in brackets）immediately before andafter it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash （\）.Put your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET. （10%）Examples:e.g.1 （86）The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: （86）begun begane.g.2 （87）Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtains went up.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: （87）（Scarcely）had （they）e.g.3 （88）Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: （88）not（86）Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. （87）In this way, consumers and business may find easier to make cheaper telephone calls under new rules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. （88）Taking together, the new rules could profoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides. （89）They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F C. C. chairman, and his two Republican colleagues on the five-member commission said that （90）a 4-to-1 vote on Thursday to allow a small company providing computer-to-computer phone connections to operate in different rules from ordinary phone companies, would ultimately transform the telecommunications industry and the Internet. （91）“This is a reflecting of the commission’s commitment to bring tomorrow’s technolog y to consumers today,” said Mr. Powell. He added that （92）the rules governing the new phone services sought to make them as wide available as e-mail, （93）and possibly much less expensive than traditional phones, and given their lowerregulatory costs. At the same time, （94）once while the rules allowing delivery of the Internet through power lines are completed, （95）companies could provide consumers with the ability to plug their modems directly into wall sockets, just like they do with a toaster, or a desk lamp.Part Six WritingDirections: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below.And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. （15%）Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题详解Part I Listening Comprehension（略）Part Two Structure and Written Expression41. B ephemeral意思是“短暂的”，符合题意。

清华大学(2002-2004)(有听力题,答案和听

清华大学2000年5月考博英语真题English Qualifying Test for Ph. D. Candidates(May, 2000)Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)Section A 注；请将70 至100字的概要用中文写在答题纸上。

Section B 注；请将答案用英文写在答案纸上。

Section C 注请将答案用英文填写在答题纸的表格上。

Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. The opinions of his peers are more important to her than her parents' idea.A) friends B) equalsC) enemies D) bosses2. After we join the WTO, the situation that our automobile industry, depends for its survival on government subsidies will be changed.A) financial aid B) personnel supportC) spiritual encouragement D) partial taxation3. My salary has been raised to 100,000 yuan a year. but there is a proportionate increase in my income tax.A) dramatic B) undesirableC) perpetual D) proportional4. Henry David Thoreau used to ramble through the woods before he wrote his most famous book Walden (1854).A) study B) liveC) read aloud D) wander5. Despite the pressure from the president, the provincial government insisted on its autonomous jurisdiction.A) regional B) obstinateC) willful D) legal6. All programs celebrating the Spring Festival in the CCTV have been relayed to even' part of the world through satellites.A) received B) reservedC) rebroadcast D) enjoyed7. You must be drunk last night. Otherwise how did you manage to drive into a stationary vehicle?A) official B) policeC) parked D) running8. To create a democratic atmosphere in the company, the manager should always be accessible to his staff.A)fair B) equalC) acceptable D) approachable9. The newly imported machine doesn't work in ambient humidity of 50 degrees.A) approximate B) surroundingC) convenient D) high10. Many students are signing the petition against building a steelworks near the school.A) names B) agreementC) request D) disapproval11. Your appraisal of the current situation is quite different from mine.A) optimistic B) complimentC) agreement D) estimate12. They are boycotting the store because the workers are on strike.A) looting B) banningC) protecting D) destroying13. In the final contest, two athletes are contending for the championship.A) satisfying B) happyC) competing D) quarreling14. The computer's value will depreciate by half in the first year.A) decrease B) increaseC) keep low D) fluctuate15. China Telecom is about to embark on a major program of computerization.A) propaganda B) finishC) purchase D) undertakel6. The candidate has given a pledge that he will improve the local environment and invest doubly in education.A) promise B) declarationC) proposal D) possibility17. There has always been an epldemic or bike stealing in schools.A) a theft B) a punishmentC) a plague D) a crime18. It is in Chongqing that the next international symposium on environmental protection will be held.A) debate B) conferenceC) seminar D) negotiation19. Many people suspected the existence of extraterrestrial life.A) snowman B) outside the earthC) spiritual D) underworld20. In case your liabilities outrun your assets, you may go bankrupt.A) debt B) enterpriseC) controversy D) bondage21.After the fierce quarrel, they began to have a __________ loathing for each other.A) boring B) reciprocalC) friendly D) standing22. On the stage many pieces of blue silk were fluctuated to ________the sea waves.A) simplify B) simulateC) help D) like23. The government lacked money because of biting oil________.A) prices B) stationsC) buildings D) revenues24. Though the policies of racial ________had been abolished, many whites in the South were still dubious about the safety of the communities.A) segregation B) regulationsC) communism D3 extinction25. The proposal was accepted with ________ approval. Everybody believed it would help revive the national economy.A) unanimous B) doubtfulC) pleasant D) searching26. Many social services are provided by ________ societies and organizations that do not expect any material payment.A) wealthy B)voluntaryC) helpful D)spiritual27. In the packed hall, the people sitting close to me _________ me into the corner little by little.A) dragged B) drewC) frightened D) wedged28. The police, trying to ________exactly who was at the party are investigating every person concerned.A) ascertain B) arrestC) imagine D) count29. If everybody has arrived the meeting may________ now.A) commence B) criticizeC) comment D) conclude30. The prodigal son ________his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending.A) inherited B) receivedC) accumulated D) dissipated3l. In ancient India, there used to be a very formidable ________ in religious and social life.A) hierarchy B) powerC) despot D) president32. _________ delinquency refers to law-breaking by young people.A) Juvenile B) Green-handC) Amateur D) Institute33. It's necessary to make your handwritings ________ when you fill in an official form.A) reconcilable B) legitimateC) legible D) formal34. She has always been a conscientious secretary since the gal, she entered my company. Tine suggestion that I wanted her to resign is quite __________A) thoughtful B) reasonableC) unfounded D) early35. The ________ meaning of "yellow" is a color, but it can also mean "cowardly."A) positive B) negativeC) underlying D) literal36. When I stayed in the country, I used to walk in the fields at night and to see ________ of stars.A) the circulation B) a clusterC) the falling D) myriads37. Ringing church bells sets up ________ in the Alpine valleys.A) resonance B) forestsC) church building D) priests38. The students are all from ________ countries, such as Singapore. India Korean, and Japan.A) developing B)orientalC) island D) Christian39. Wouldn't it be easier to move about on the ________ of the mobbed crowd than to squeeze in tile middle?A) consent B) headsC) fringe D) recreation40. When the new immigration law came into effect, the old one was naturallyA) validated B) put offC) repealed D) put upPart III Reading Comprehension (50%)Section ADirections: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You loeide on the best choice.Passage IIn the years following the Second World War, the youth hostel idea spread to other parts of the world and the same spirit was maintained. The International Youth Hostel Federation, IYHF, which was to co-ordinate activities in the various national associations, incorporated in its constitution the principle that in youth hostels "there shall be no distinctions of race, nationality color, religion, class or political opinions. This, it should be noted, was at a time when the principles of racial equality and brotherhood were by no means so widely acknowledged as they are now."There is normally no age bar at youth hostels. Exceptions are Switzerland and Bavaria. Where there is a maximum age of 25 and I7 years respectively. Generally, however, the hostels are intended to meet the needs of two main groups: senior secondary school children, university and schoolchildren travelling with a teacher on educational visits, and aged between about 11 and I8.The principal contribution of the youth hostel movement to the attack on racism is the fact that in the 4,364 hostels throughout the world the brotherhood of man is taken for granted and practiced quietly and without any ostentation.If you walk into the common-room of a big youth hostel in Gracow or Munich, Lahore of Canberra, you will find young people of' every race and nationality sitting down togetherto share their experiences and discuss the world's problems. As a Malaysian boy recently remarked:" youth hostel is a place where you will never feel lost"In accordance with its constitution, the IYHF has never admitted to membership youth hostel associations in South Africa and Rhodesia, because legislation in those countries makes it impossible for people of different races to share youth hostel facilities.But an interesting new project is under way in Lesotho, with the financial and technical support of the Federation: the construction of a south hostel specifically designed to carry out an educational task in southern Africa by opening its doors to young people of all races from neighboring and more distant countries. Situated just outside the capital, Maseru, the youth hostel will also provide accommodation for young people of Lesotho attending study and training courses.The very, comprehensive statistics maintained by the IYHF show tile movement of young people form country, to country in some detail, it can be seen, for instance, that 10,828 "overnights" were recorded in 1972 by young Americans in tile hostels of Japan. and 3.643 by young visitors form India in the youth hostels of West Germany. Although these figures are small in absolute terms, they represent a network of individual human contacts among young people which can influence outlooks and opinions at the grass roots.41. It can be interred from this passage that IYHF isA) an organization where young people liveB) an organization that advocates brotherhood of manC) an organization to protect the rights of teenagersD) an international company42. "Ostentation" in the last sentence of the third paragraph is closest in meaningwith_______A) pretentiousness B) outstandingC) obstruction D) declaration43. The maximum age of people staying at youth hostels in most countries is______A) 20 B) 25 C) 17 D) unlimited44. The tone of this article may be described is______A) formal B) imaginative C) humorous D) negative45. All the following statements are true EXCEPT ______A) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are fined by IYHF.B) Only very, few countries are members of the IYHE.C) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are denied membership in the IYHF.D) All countries are allowed normal memberships in the IYHF.Passage 2Before about 3500 BC, there were cultures, but not civilizations. Prehistoric men and women created societies, constructed houses, lived in villages, hunted and fished, farmed, made pottery, wove cloth, and created languages. But unlike more advanced peoples, they did not build cities, read, or write. Cities are the cornerstone of civilized life because with them came other civilizing elements, including differentiation of classes and employment, sophisticated religious and political systems, monumental architecture, andthe formation of states and empires.Historians usually begin the story, of civilization with accounts of the world's first great writers and city-builders, the Sumerians. Because the Sumerians recorded ideas and sagas and listed the names of their rulers, we know more about them than about prehistoric about prehistoric peoples who left their legacy in stones, bones, and pottery.With the ability to build cities and record thought came the ability to communicate ideas and innovations over vast reaches of time and space. Human beings—who had formerly taken hundreds of thousands of years to learn that a stone ax sharpened on both sides is more useful than an ax sharpened on one side—progressed rapidly from foot travel to horse drawn carts, and later, from railroads to airplanes. With these and thousands of other innovations, people came to live Longer, more comfortable lives.Civilization also brought new ills to humanity. In the 20th century, it brought nuclear carfare global warming, and ozone depletion. More subtly, civilization removed human beings from regular encounters with the wonders of the natural world. Unlike people of modem civilizations primitive people lived close to the sounds and smells of forest and grasslands. They locked at fire and the stars with awe and reverence. Civilization involves the ability to create a new political and cultural world. In the 19th century, the American writer, philosopher, and naturalist Henry David Thoreau noted that this artificial sphere separates humanity from primitive virtue. "Most of the luxuries, he argued, "and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind." Thoreau believed that men and women should simplify their lives.Even those ancient pioneers of civilization, the Greeks, mourned the lost innocence. They expressed this sense of regret in the story, of Prometheus and Pandora. Contrary, to the wishes of other Gods, Prometheus brought to humanity the gifts of fire, art, and science. The jealous gods were unwilling to allow men and women to enjoy, such blessings without cost, and so they sent Pandora to the world with a box containing disease, sorrow, and other evils.Thus, human beings have viewed civilization as a mixed blessing. Civilized people have waged brutal wars, destroyed majestic forests, and persecuted religious minorities. But civilizations have also achieved wonders.46. Which of the following represents civilization of people?A) They build houses. B) They have societies.C) They live in a group. D) They can write.47. "Sumerians" in the second paragraph refers to ______.A) a person B) a group of peopleC) human beings D) prehistoric people48. In paragraph 4, there is a sentence given by Henry. Thoreau, "Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind." This sentence means ______.A) Most luxuries and comforts are important and can improve the quality, of people's life.B) Most luxuries rind comforts are not so important for they cannot improve the quality of people's life.C) Most luxuries and comforts are not so necessary and also they prevent the progress of human beingsD) Most luxuries and comforts are too important to improve the quality of people's life49. All tile following represent the negative side of civilization EXCEPT ______A) chemical warfare B) the decrease of fresh airC) greenhouse effect D) the nuclear plant50. In the paragraph that follows this passage, the writer is going to discuss ______A) the importance of civilizationB) the difference between civilization and cultureC) the positive aspect of civilizationD) the GreeksPassage 3One of the foremost authors of the era between the two world wars, Hemingway in his early works depicted tile lives of two types of people. One type consisted of men and women deprived, by World War I, of faith in the moral values in which they had believed, and who lived with cynical disregard for anything but their own emotional needs. The other type were men of simple character and primitive emotions, such as prizefighters and bullfighters. Hemingway wrote of their courageous and usually futile battles against circumstances. His earliest works include the collections of short stories Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923), his first work; In Our time (1924),tales reflecting his experiences as a youth in the northern Michigan woods; Men without women(1927), a volume that included "The Killers," remarkable for its description of impending doom; and Winner Take Nothing (1933), stories characterizing people in unfortunate circumstances in Europe. The novel that established Hemingway's reputation. The Sun Also Rises (1926), is the story, of a group of morally irresponsible Americans and Britons living in France and Spain, members of the so-called lost generation of the post-world War I period. Hemingway's second important novel, A Farewell to Arms (1929), is the story, of a deeply moving love affair in wartime Italy between an American officer in the Italian ambulance service and a British nurse. The novel was followed by two nonfiction works, Death in the Afternoon (1932), prose pieces mainly about bullfighting; and Green, gills of Africa (1935), accounts ofbig-game hunting.Hemingway's economical writing style often seems simple and almost childlike, but his method is calculated and used to complex effect. In his writing Hemingway provided detached descriptions of action, using simple nouns and verbs to capture scenes precisely. By doing so he avoided describing his characters' emotions and thoughts directly. Instead, in providing the reader with the raw material of an experience and eliminating the authorial viewpoint. Hemingway made the reading of a text approximate the actual experience as closely as possible. Hemingway was also deeply concerned with authenticity, in writing. He believed that a writer could treat a subject honestly only if the writer had participated in or observed the subject closely. Without such knowledge the writer's work would be flawed because the reader would sense the author's lack of expertise: In addition, Hemingway believed that an author writing about a familiar subject is able to write sparingly and eliminate a great deal of superfluous detail from the piece without sacrifleing the voice of authority. Hemingway's stylistic influence on American writers has been enormous. The success of his plain style in expressing basic. yet deeply felt, emotions contributed to the decline of the elaborate Victorian-era prose that characterized a greatdeal of American writing in the early 20th century. Many American writers have cited Hemingway as an influence on their own work.51. The novel that brought Hemingway greatest fame________.A) Three Stories and Ten Poems B) In Far TimeC) Men Without Women D) The Sun Also Rises52 Which of the following can best describe Hemingway's writing style?A) simple and precise B) bullfightingC) superfluous D) complicated53. According to this passage which of the following is the great contribution of Hemingway?A) He introduced a new subject into literature.B) His writing style influenced a group of American writersC) He proved that one should write about details.D) He said that writers should know what they are writing.54. This passage is mainly, about Hemingway's ___________A) life B) backgroundC) novels and writing style D) influence55. The sentence. "Hemingway was also deeply concerned with authenticity in writing". "authenticity" is closest in meaning withA) author's right B) credibilityC) authorization D) authorshipSection BDirections: After you have read the following passage write out a summary in English with about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary, on the Answer Sheet.It is said that the public and Congressional concern. about deceptive packaging uproar started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Lze. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity, delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags. and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound quantities of break fast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible size and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles and tins are in use more same time and as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials,shape, art work. and net weights hat are used for improving a product's market position.When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply tile price of hard sweets by 2.5,from I dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high. when an average family pays about 200 dollars a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can't be used for anything but stuffing the garbage can.注：请将概要用英文写在答题纸上。

清华大学考博英语-1.doc

清华大学考博英语-1(总分：68.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Listenin(总题数：4，分数：10.00)(略){{B}}Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension{{/B}}Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Eight times within the past million years, something in the Earth's climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead of melting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculated that these glacial cycles were ultimately driven by astronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lack of an independent record of ice-age timing made the hypothesis untestable.Then in the early 1950's Emiliani produced the first complete record of the waxings and wanings of first glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera" house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen-18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen-16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygens in water molecules. It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world's water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen- 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen-16. What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen-18. As the oxygen-18-poor ice builds up, the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen-18 becomes in seawater--and hence in the sedimentsAnalyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Emiliani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in rough accord with the Earth's astronomicalcycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygenisotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the re-cord contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, "wrinkles" superposed on each cycle--small decreases or surges in ice volume--have come at intervals of roughly 23,000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth's spin axis.（分数：2.50）(1).In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______（分数：0.50）A.unfolding a phenomenon.B.posing a contrast.C.refuting a speculation.D.testifying a hypothesis.(2).The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ______（分数：0.50）A.regularities and eccentricities.B.vaporizations and sediments.C.variants and constants.D.maximizations an minimizations.(3).As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in seafloor sediments and that of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are ______（分数：0.50）A.irrelevant.B.correlated.C.corresponding.D.identical.(4).Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as ______（分数：0.50）A.a proof against the existence of oxygen-16.B.a testimony to sediment formation processes.C.a valid record justifying glacial periodic cycles.D.an indicator of the ratio of the two oxygens.(5).What can we safely infer from the text?（分数：0.50）A.Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factors.B.Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid records.C.Glaciers are the records keeping Earth's astronomical cycles.D.Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface.If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for example, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its wayto smoky, cancerous death.You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It's almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn't do to shout too loudly about it. This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether. of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! Tile tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile,clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning--say, a picture of a death's head--should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.（分数：2.50）(1).The best title of the text may be ______（分数：0.50）A.give up the habit of smoking immediately.B.word governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.C.go on with anti-smoking lobby vigorously.D.world governments should allocate more funds on cancer researches.(2).As pointed out in the text, governments are reluctant to exercise total ban on cigarette and tobacco advertising ______（分数：0.50）A.in the interests of financial rewards.B.for the sake of the public's welfare.C.without regard to tax collections.D.in anticipation of smokers' lobbying.(3).The word "hypocrisy" (Paragraph 2) denotes _____（分数：0.50）A.dishonesty.B.predicament.C.indecision.D.intimidation.(4).It can be concluded that anti-smoking campaigns should be conducted ______（分数：0.50）A.insidiously and discreetly.B.vividly and attractively.C.aggressively and drastically.D.disinterestedly and bravely.(5).The author is most critical of ______（分数：0.50）A.anti-smoking lobbyists.B.tobacco advertisers.C.world governments.D.tax collectors.It is the staff of dreams and nightmares. Where Tony Blair's attempts to make Britain love the Euro have fallen on deaf ears, its incarnation as notes and coins will succeed. These will be used not just in the Euro area but in Britain. As the British become accustomed to the Euro as a cash currency, they will warm to it--paving the way for a yes note in a referendum.The idea of Euro creep appeals to both sides of the Euro argument. According to the pros, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those in favor are bound to win. According to the antis, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those opposed must mobilize for the fight.Dream or nightmare, Euro creep envisages the single currency worming its way first into the British economy and then into the affections of voters. British tourists will come back from their European holidays laden with Euros, which they will spend not just at airports but in high street shops. So, too, will foreign visitors. As the Earn becomes a parallel currency, those who make up the current two-o-one majority will change their minds. From there, it will be a short step to decide to dispense with the pound. Neil Kinnock, a European commissioner and former leader of the Labor Party, predicts that the Euro will soon become Britain's second currency. Hans Eichel, the German finance minister, also says that it will become a parallel currency in countries like Switzerland and Britain. Peter Hain, the European minister who is acting as a cheerleader for membership, says the Euro will become "a practical day-to-day reality and that will enable people to make a sensible decision about it". As many as a third of Britain's biggest retailers, such as Marks and Spencer, have said they will take Euros in some of their shops. BP has also announced that it will accept Euros at some of its garages.But there is less to this than meet the eye. British tourists can now withdraw money from cashpoint from European holiday destinations, so they are less likely than in the past to end up with excess foreign money. Evenif they do, they generally get rid of it at the end of their holidays, says David Southwell, a spokesman for the British Retail Consortium (BRC). （分数：2.50）(1).According to the writer, once the British get used to the Euro, ______（分数：0.50）A.there will be no obstacle for it to be a currency in Britain.B.it will take the place of pound in whatever aspects in Britain.C.the British will accept it as a cash currency gradually.D.it will become a symbol of reunification for European countries.(2).The writer seems ______（分数：0.50）A.to be over-enthusiastic about the success of the Euro.B.to launch a vigorous campaign against the Euro creep.C.to hold a hostile attitude towards Euro expansions.D.to take a matter-of-face attitude towards the issue.(3).The word "cheerleader" (Paragraph 4) can best be replaced by ______（分数：0.50）A."voter".B."advocator".C."critic".D."prophet".(4).What does the writer intends to illustrate with Marks and Spencer?（分数：0.50）A.A kind of professional service.B.Objections to the Euro creep.C.A type of subjective brand loyalty.D.Expansions of the Euro in Britain.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?（分数：0.50）A.The Prospect of the Euro in Britain.B.A New Currency under Attack.C.The Popularity of the Euro in Britain.D.A Theme of Dreams and Nightmares.Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hairstyles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers' in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The doctrines of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailedby the designers and the big stores, Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander wast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Woman who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-lines are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.（分数：2.50）(1).In the opening paragraph, the writer introduced his topic by ______（分数：0.50）A.introducing an illusion.B.making a comparison.C.depicting a vivid scene.D.posing a sharp contrast.(2).In the eyes of the author, the dictates of fashion probably means a sort of design characterized by ______（分数：0.50）A.obsolescence and sensibility.B.uniqueness and stability.C.creativity and hypocrisy.D.inconstancy and irrationality.(3).The word "blackmailed" most probably means ______（分数：0.50）A."taken advantage of ".B."given thought to".C."taken into account".D."born in mind".(4).The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the ______ of clothing.（分数：0.50）A.suitabilityfortC.appearanceD.fabric(5).It can be inferred from the passage that women should ______（分数：0.50）A.see through the very nature of fashion myths.B.boycott the products of the fashion industry.C.avoid following fashion doctrines too closely.D.blame designers for their waste of money.二、{{B}}Part Ⅲ Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.（分数：1.00）A.reflectsB.retainsC.rousesD.radiates2.There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly ______ .（分数：1.00）A.let aloneB.let outC.let downD.let on3.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to ______ regret.（分数：1.00）A.teem withB.brim withe withD.look with4.In fact tho purchasing power of a single person's pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the ______ Singapore pension.（分数：1.00）A.equivalentB.similarC.consistentD.identical5.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no ______ but to report him to the local police.（分数：1.00）A.timeB.chanceC.authorityD.alternative6.The child should always ______ the same basic procedure: seeing the whole word-hearing and pronouncing-writing from memory.（分数：1.00）A.go throughB.take overC.respond toD.carry off7.______ any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.（分数：1.00）A.Take the most ofB.Keep the most ofC.Have the most ofD.Make the most of8.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a ______ future behind him.（分数：1.00）A.splendidB.conspicuousC.uproariousD.imminent9.With most online recruitment services, jobseekers must choose their words carefully; ______ the search engine will never make the correct match.（分数：1.00）A.thereforeB.whereasC.providedD.otherwise10.Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity he's been ______ with requests for money from all sides.（分数：1.00）A.devastatedB.smashedC.bombardedD.cracked11.Banks shall be unable to ______ ,or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.（分数：1.00）A.write offB.put asideC.shrink frome over12.They are always ready to ______ heavy responsibilities.（分数：1.00）A.take inB.take onC.put onD.put in13.According to BBC boxing reporter Mike Costello, just as there is worldwide ______ with boxing, so there is worldwide opposition.（分数：1.00）A.passionB.attractionC.emotionD.fascination14.That MGM Grand Youth Center is open to children 3-12 years old ______ what hotel they are staying in.（分数：1.00）A.regardless inB.regardless ofC.regardless onD.regardless from15.Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their _____ aspects.（分数：1.00）A.potentialB.socialC.essentialD.partial16.______ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10 minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.（分数：1.00）A.Turn offB.Turn overC.Turn downD.Turn up17.The recovery and ______ of the country' s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites in attractive locations.（分数：1.00）A.renewalB.revivalC.recessionD.relief18.That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only ______ necessity.（分数：1.00）A.within reach ofB.for fear ofC.by means ofD.in case of19.It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be ______ as to their motive in making contact.（分数：1.00）A.seen throughB.checked outC.touched onD.accounted to20.Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become ______ to her economy and politics over forty years' association.（分数：1.00）A.integralB.unilateralC.rationalD.hierarchical三、{{B}}Part Ⅳ Cloze{{/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Every second,{{U}} 56 {{/U}}hectare of the world's rainforest is destroyed. That's one to two football fields.This{{U}} 57 {{/U}}rate of destruction has serious consequences{{U}} 58 {{/U}}the environment. Scientists estimate, for example, that 137{{U}} 59 {{/U}}of plant, insect or animal become{{U}} 60 {{/U}}every day due to logging. In British Columbia,{{U}} 61 {{/U}},since 1990,thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut,142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the{{U}} 62 {{/U}}of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging,{{U}} 63 {{/U}},provides jobs , profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is{{U}} 64 {{/U}}to restrict or control it. Much of Canada's forestryproduction{{U}} 65 {{/U}}making pulp and paper. According to the CanadianPulp and Paper Association, Canada {{U}}66 {{/U}}34%of the world's wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be{{U}} 67 {{/U}}. Recently, a possible{{U}} 68 {{/U}}way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp. Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fibre which can be{{U}} 69 {{/U}}paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries{{U}} 70 {{/U}}it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading{{U}} 71 {{/U}}would not have been possible{{U}} 72 {{/U}}hemp. Nowadays, ships' cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be{{U}} 73 {{/U}}for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four-times as{{U}} 74 {{/U}}paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the{{U}} 75 {{/U}}scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests.（分数：20.00）A.matchingB.equivalentC.mountingD.reachingA.greatB.wonderfulC.imaginaryD.alarmingA.forB.onC.atD.toA.typesB.categoriesC.speciesD.classesA.extinctB.distinctC.deadD.exhaustedA.whenB.whoC.whereD.whichA.territoryndC.habitatD.inhabitantB.furthermoreC.otherwiseD.insteadA.willingB.likelyC.reluctantD.intendedA.goes upB.goes towardsC.goes intoD.goes atA.suppliesB.offersC.presentsD.providesA.maintainedB.sustainedC.preservedD.heldA.optionalB.potentialC.promisingD.alternativeA.made intoB.made forC.made upD.made ofA.sinceB.becauseC.asD.whileA.linkB.exchangeworkD.siteA.exceptB.withoutC.withD.besidesA.resumedB.renewedC.refreshedD.revivedA.muchB.manyC.fewD.moreA.greatC.immenseD.massive四、{{B}}Part Ⅴ Translat(总题数：1，分数：3.00)21.What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new knowledge-based industries on which economic growth will depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of these is the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge. It depends on the computer. In the future, however, the computer itself will probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Drucker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another source of new industries is the science of the oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals from the seas. A third new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This industry provides the materials for making objects. one such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Drncker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, natural fibers, and paper. Today, with the help of modem science, industries can make many new materials to meet specific needs. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient. Consequently, he points out, industries that supply traditional materials such as steel or glass will have trouble competing with those that produce these new materials.（分数：3.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、{{B}}Part Ⅵ Writing{(总题数：1，分数：15.00)22.A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words. B. Your essay should meet the requirements below: (1)describe the picture and interpret its meaning. (2) point15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

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2004年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案(总分100, 考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was ______.A torrentB transientC tensileD textured该问题分值: 1答案:B2.Nobody knew how he came up with this ______ idea about the trip.A wearyB twilightC unanimousD weird该问题分值: 1答案:D3.The flower under the sun would ______ quickly without any protection.A winkB withholdC witherD widower该问题分值: 1答案:C4.The ______ of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A segregationB specificationC spectrumD subscription该问题分值: 1答案:A5.He ______ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A repealedB resentedC relayedD reproached该问题分值: 1答案:D6.Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a event.A cholesterolB charcoalC catastrophicD chronic该问题分值: 1答案:C7.He cut the string and held up the two ______ to tie the box.A segmentsB sedimentsC seizuresD secretes该问题分值: 1答案:A8.All the musical instruments in the orchestra will be ______ before it starts.A civilizedB chatteredC chamberedD chorded该问题分值: 1答案:D9.When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be ______.A commencedB compressedC compromisedD compensated该问题分值: 1答案:B10.She made two copies of this poem and posted them ______ to different publishers.A sensationallyB simultaneouslyC strenuouslyD simply该问题分值: 1答案:B11.The ______ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A clashB clarifyC clarityD clatter该问题分值: 1答案:C12.Business in this area has been ______ because prices are too high.A prosperousB secretiveC slackD shrill该问题分值: 1答案:C13.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad ______ when she was ill and had no money.A plightB polarizationC plagueD pigment该问题分值: 1答案:A14.He added a ______ to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A presidencyB prestigeC postscriptD preliminary该问题分值: 1答案:C15.Some linguists believe that the ______ age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A optimisticB optionalC optimalD oppressed该问题分值: 1答案:C16.It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the ______ of their cities.A paradisesB omissionsC orchardsD outskirts该问题分值: 1答案:D17.The meeting was ______ over by the mayor of the city.A presumedB proposedC presentedD presided该问题分值: 1答案:D18.The crowd ______ into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrew B, overthrew C. overpassed D. overflewA B C D该问题分值: 1答案:C19.It was clear that the storm ______ his arrival by two hours.A retardedB retiredC refrainedD retreated该问题分值: 1答案:A20.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes ______ over all the other issues.A precedenceB prosperityC presumptionD probability该问题分值: 1答案:APart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights," he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes."No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government--individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, butthere is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well."Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks ... if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices find the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力) to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade., and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes.21.Which of the following is true about Olson?A He was a fiction writeB He edited the book Power and ProsperitC He taught economics at the University of MarylanD He was against the ownership of private propert该问题分值: 2答案:B22.Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?A Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth buildinB Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rightC Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the societD In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poo该问题分值: 2答案:A23.What does Olson think about mass production?A It's capital intensivB It's property intensivC It relies on individual laboD It relies on individual skill该问题分值: 2答案:B24.What is the basis for the banking system?A Contract system that can be enforceB People's willingness to deposit money in bankC The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowerD The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loan该问题分值: 2答案:A25.According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A government interventionB lack of secure individual rightsC being short of capitalD lack of a free market该问题分值: 2答案:BWhere one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill--the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.26.The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______.A is to send them to clinicsB offers recapture of earlier experiencesC is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced该问题分值: 2答案:B27.The child in the nursery ______.A quickly learns to wait for foodB doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC always accepts the rhythm of the world around himD always feels the word around him is warm and friendly该问题分值: 2答案:B28.The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______.A can never be taken too farB should be left to school teachersC will always assist their developmentD should be balanced between two extremes该问题分值: 2答案:D29.Jigsaw puzzles are ______.A too difficult for childrenB a kind of building-block toyC not very entertaining for adultsD suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation该问题分值: 2答案:D30.Parental controls and discipline ______.A serve a dual purposeB should be avoided as much as possibleC reflect the values of the communityD are designed to promote the child's happiness该问题分值: 2答案:CMore than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as "Jewish" when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jewish, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too."I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families." Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. "This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that," she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hillel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish, and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.31.The best title of this passage is ______.A Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB Jewish Identity in AmericaC Judaism--a Religion?D College Jewish Students该问题分值: 2答案:B32.Among the freshmen at UCLA ______ thought themselves as Jewish.A mostB 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC 62% of those only whose father were JewishD 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish该问题分值: 2答案:B33.The phrase "interfaith marriage" in the Paragraph 3 refers to the ______.A marriage of people based on mutual beliefB marriage of people for the common faithC marriage of people of different religious faithsD marriage of people who have faith in each other该问题分值: 2答案:C34.Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as JewisB The survey was carried out among Jewish FreshmeC The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religioD The research presents a new perspective for the future stud该问题分值: 2答案:B35.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A M Rubin is the founder of HilleB M Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experiencC Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the worlD Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudestowards Judais该问题分值: 2答案:BEach year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This nongovernmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called "first-flush" device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.A fitted cover sits over the "first-flush" device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low cost plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survivea five-month dry season.36.People in Bangladesh can use ______ as a safe source of drinking water.A ground waterB rainwaterC drinking waterD fresh water该问题分值: 2答案:B37.Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A Rainwater is free of chemical treatmentB People have been harvesting rainwater for centurieC The water harvesting system is built on a platforD Rainwater can be collected using pipe该问题分值: 2答案:D38.Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A a barrierB a wire screenC a first-flushD a storage tank该问题分值: 2答案:C39.The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by ______.A mosquito insectsB a fitted coverC a first-flush deviceD sunlight该问题分值: 2答案:D40.What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tanB The inner bags need to be replaced every two yearC The water harvesting system should be built on a platforD A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating i该问题分值: 2答案:CPart Ⅲ ClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the (41) of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel (42) to go to bed and pleased when the journey (43) . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed (44) earlier than Usual. When I (45) my cabin, I wassurprised (46) that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected (47) but there was a suitcase (48) mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet (49) , except that he was wearing (50) good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not (51) whoever he was and did not say (52) . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered (53) as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a (54) was coming from somewhere.I thought perhaps I had forgotten (55) the door, so I got up (56) the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and (57) , the moon shone through it on to the other bed. (58) there. It took me a minute or two to (59) the door myself.I realized that my companion (60) through the window into the sea.41.该问题分值: 1答案:D42.该问题分值: 1答案:A43.该问题分值: 1答案:C44.该问题分值: 1答案:A45.该问题分值: 1答案:A46.该问题分值: 1 答案:D47.该问题分值: 1 答案:D48.该问题分值: 1 答案:A49.该问题分值: 1 答案:D50.该问题分值: 1 答案:D51.该问题分值: 1 答案:C52.该问题分值: 1 答案:C53.该问题分值: 1 答案:B54.该问题分值: 1 答案:A55.该问题分值: 1 答案:A56.该问题分值: 1 答案:A57.该问题分值: 1 答案:B58.该问题分值: 1 答案:B59.该问题分值: 1 答案:D60.该问题分值: 1答案:CPart ⅣWritingDirections: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of "Effect of Research Event on My Late Life and Work" with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1.1．在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事是 ______。