【免费下载】英语修辞学第八章

English Rhetoric

By Ma Jishan Chapter Eight Syntactic Figures of Speech(I)

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8.1 Repetition重复

8.1.1 Immediate repetition直接重复

8.1.2 Intermittent repetition间歇重复

8.2 Anaphora首语重复

8.3 Epiphora尾语重复

8.4 Simploce双重重复

8.5 Anadiplosis联珠法

8.6 Parallelism排比

8.7 Antithesis对偶；对照

Contents of This Chapter

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8.1 Repetition

Repetition v.s. Redundancy

Redundancy is a kind of faulty wording, which results from ideological confusion.

Repetition is a powerful rhetorical device which creates good rhythm and parallelism to make the language musical, emphatic, attractive and memorable.

E.g.

Now I was shocked not only by the disclosure but I was equally shocked by the fact that my fellow seminar participants were not shocked.

She saw there an object. That object was the gallows. She was afraid of the gallows.

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A powerful rhetorical device which creates good rhythm and parallelism to make the language musical, emphatic, attractive and memorable.

E.g. One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. (Proverb)

一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。

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(2) Purposes:

Knit the ideas together

Emphasize an idea

Generate emotional force

O Captain! My Captain! Rise up and hear the bells;

Rise up－for you the flag is flung－for you the bugle trills,

For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths－for you the shores crowding,

For you they call,the swaying mass,their eager faces turing ;

啊，船长！我的船长！起来听听这钟声，

起来吧－－旌旗在为你招展－－号角在为你欢鸣，

为你，岸上挤满了人群－－为你，人们准备了无数的鲜花和花环，

为你，雀跃的人群在欢呼，他们在急切地瞭望；

E.g.

这首广为流传的《啊，船长！我的船长！》,作者是Walt Whitman（美）沃尔特·惠特曼，写于林肯总统被刺不久，诗中充满着象征色彩，清新的气氛和深沉的情感。

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(3) Classification:

Repetition can be of sounds, words, phrases or sentences. According to different standards, it can be classified into different types.

Ways of repetition: immediate repetition and intermittent repetition

Place of repetition: anaphora, epiphora, simploce, and anadiplosis

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8.1.1 Immediate repetition直接重复

Immediate repetition refers to the way words, phrases or sentences are repeated without intervals. Immediate repetition is mainly used for emphasis, but it is also used to express various emotions.

For example,

Voice: Let me in. Let me in. Vigdis. Thord.

Vigdis: Who’s there?

Voice: Open! Open! For God’s sake. Let me in!

(John Masefield: The Locked Chest) (--to indicate fright and tension)

Lear: And my poor fool is hang’d. No, no, no life! Why should a dog, a

horse, a rat have life, and thou no breath at all? Thou’lt come no

more. Never, never, never, never, never!

(Shakespeare: King Lear) (-- to indicate despair)

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8.1.2 Intermittent repetition间歇重复

Intermittent repetition refers to the way the repeated words, phrases or sentences are separated by some other words, phrases or sentences.

For example,

We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (John F. Kennedy) (express strong determination)

When the right people get together for the right reason in the right place in the right way and at the right time, the right kind of memories are in the making. (emphasizing the importance of rightfulness)

It is used for emphasis, for expressing strong emotions or for some special purposes.

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8.2 Anaphora首语重复

Anaphora involves the repetition of the same word at the beginning