语法复习10：主谓一致(修订)

高三英语专题复习要点回顾与精练

专题05 主谓一致

一【语境导入】根据语境选择符合语法的形式填空。

An American Family

In the past, many American families had two or more children. But now, the number of children in American families 1_______(is/ are) becoming smaller. One important change is that most mothers now work outside the home. All the housework 2_______(is/ are) shared by both the husband and wife. And so 3_______(is/ are) childcare. What 4_______(happens/ happen) when both parents work? Here is an example of the Joe’s family.

Joe and Eve have three children: Dick,12; Bob, 9; and Lily,6. Joe is a computer scientist and he sometimes writes books. Of course, a scientist and writer 5_______(earn/ earns) enough money to support a family of five. However, Eve is working again as a hospital worker this year, for she thinks the family 6_______(need/ needs) more money and she likes her job. Everything is going well, but there are also some problems.

Now that Eve is working, Joe has to help her more with the housework though he doesn’t enjoy it. Recently he has got a book to write, and almost each weekday night and each weekend of his 7_______(is/ are) spent writing and typing. Eve loves her work, but she feels tired and too busy. She also worries about the children. She has to work on Saturdays. So Joe, as well as Eve, hardly 8_______(has/ have) free time.

Lily is in a kindergarten. Either Joe or Eve 9_______(has/ have) to pick her up every day. Lily is having a great time in her after-school program. When they come to pick her up, she doesn’t want to leave.

But Bob’s school doesn’t have an after-school program. Right now, all he can do is spending most afternoons by himself in front of the TV. But watching TV 10_______(is/ are)fun.

Dick is enjoying his new life after school. More than one classmate likes staying with him. He likes playing his music louder and is spending more time on the phone. His clothes 11_______(is/ are) in fashion and his hair 12_______(is/ are)colored. He also does a little housework.

二【考纲解读】

主谓一致就是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。是历年高考试题中的主要测试点之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法一致的原则，意义一致的原则，就近一致的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。由于汉语中没有主谓一致现象，中学生在这一问题的理解上与汉语的思维存在偏差，所以有时很难把握这一语法现象。在注意掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意语言内容上一致的原则。分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。

三【考点联想】

考点1 名词作主语时的主谓一致

1．单复数同形的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据具体内容决定单复数。

2．具体的距离、时间、金钱、度量、温度、书名等作主语，其内容可作整体概念，故谓语动词用单数。

3．不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语，其内容是整体概念，故谓语动词仍用单数。

4．由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数，此类词有glasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，clothes，compasses，chopsticks等。但若此类词被“a kind/pair of”修饰，则其内容是单数的，谓语动词用单数。

5．含all，most，half，rest等的名词词组作主语，所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数；反之，用单数。

6．在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

【归纳拓展】

(1)不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应看做单数，谓语动词用单数。

(2)某些集体名词(如family，team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。

考点2含有连接词的主谓一致

1．用and或both…and连接并列主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数。若and连接的两个单数主语指同一个人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。

2．主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。

3．以or，either．一or，neither…nor，not only…but also…等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词一致。

考点3 不定量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致

1．a(great)number of，many，a few修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

2．a little，much，a great deal of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

3．(1arge)quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。

4．the number of+复数名词，the amount of+不可数名词，the quantity of+可数名词复数/不可数名词等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

5．this kind of+名词单数，名词单数+of this kind，this kind of+名词复数等结构作主语时，其内容是单数的，谓语动词也用单数。

6．these kinds of+名词复数，名词复数+of this kind等结构作主语时，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数。

7．基数词单纯表示数字作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，但当基数词表示的不是数字而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数。由此可推断出，分数或百分数作主语时，其谓语动词的形式取决于分数或百分数所指的具体含义。

8．many a+名词单数，more than one+名词单数，a/an+名词单数+or two/and a half等作主语时，尽管是复数意义，但谓语动词多用单数。

9．one and a half+名词复数，one or two+名词复数，more+名词复数+than one等结构作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。