非谓语动词的时态和语态 PPT
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2. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
的动作:
You seem to have been writing very long.
The battle was Fra Baidu bibliotekaid to have been going on for two days.
分词的时态与语态:
• 1.doing(一般式)表示的动作可以与谓 语动作同时,也可以在谓语动作之前或 之后,有时没有明确的先后关系:
easy.
2.having done: 动名词完成式主要表示发生在谓语
动作之前的动作或状态:
He forgot having promised to write her.
I have no idea of his having done such a thing.
根据非谓自带的时间状语确定主动或被动的 具体形式
The problem_C_____n_ext is of great importance.
The problem__B__ n_o_w is of great importance.
The problem___A_ ju__s_t_n_o_w is of treat importance.
A.discussed B. being discussed C. to be discussed
【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前，用现在分词的完成式作状语， 表示时间，相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。
3. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. (全国卷) A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
• ⑴与谓语动作同时发生:
• He kept smiling.
• Everyone is practicing speaking English.
⑵发生在谓语动作之后（固定用法）
He advised leaving early.
Would you mind opening the window?
⑶发生在谓语动作之前（固定用法） : I remember mailing the letter. ⑷没有明确的先后关系（泛指、常理）: Teaching is learning. Learning a foreign language is not
• ⑵表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于 谓语动作的动作:
Who heard him say that?
I’m sorry to hear that.
不定式进行式的用法: ⑴表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行
的动作:
He seems to be saying something.
He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
⑵正如可用进行式表将来一样,不定式进 行式有时也 可表将来:
The old man seems to be dying.
He was happy to be coming home.
不定式的完成式.
表示在谓语动作之前发出的动作。 The novel was said to have been published. I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
非谓语动词的时态和语态
不定式的时态与语态:
1.不定式的时态与语态的基本形 式（以do为例）
• 不定式一般式的用法:
• ⑴ 表示将来,即表示发生在谓语动作之 后的动作:
• We decided to leave early.
• He asked me to buy him some paper.
【分析】答案选A。句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系，“被带去看戏” 发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。 说明：①动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况： 在作表语或宾补的形容词后用状语时； 作定语修饰have, there be, this / that / these / those be等后面的名词或代词时； 作表语的to blame等。
⑵表示过去未曾实现的愿望:
I should like to have come earlier.
We were to have been married last year.（我们原打算去年结婚。）
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
不定式完成进行式的用法: 表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行
如：1. The text is difficult to learn. 这篇课文很难学。(to learn主动表被动) 2. We found the text difficult to learn.我们觉得这篇课文很难学。 (to learn主动表被动) 3. He was to blame for that. 他因此受到了责备。 (作表语的to blame主动表被动) ②need, want和require表示“需要表示”，主语通常是物时，后面除用
studying
1. I don’t know whether you happen ________, (辽宁卷) A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
【分析】答案选D。hear发生在谓语don’t know之前，用不定式的完成式。 句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习。
根据上下文的谓语动词与非谓动词发生 的先后关系确定
---Li Ming is said ____ abroad. Do you know what
country he studied in ? A
he will study in? B he studies in? C
---Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been
的动作:
You seem to have been writing very long.
The battle was Fra Baidu bibliotekaid to have been going on for two days.
分词的时态与语态:
• 1.doing(一般式)表示的动作可以与谓 语动作同时,也可以在谓语动作之前或 之后,有时没有明确的先后关系:
easy.
2.having done: 动名词完成式主要表示发生在谓语
动作之前的动作或状态:
He forgot having promised to write her.
I have no idea of his having done such a thing.
根据非谓自带的时间状语确定主动或被动的 具体形式
The problem_C_____n_ext is of great importance.
The problem__B__ n_o_w is of great importance.
The problem___A_ ju__s_t_n_o_w is of treat importance.
A.discussed B. being discussed C. to be discussed
【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前，用现在分词的完成式作状语， 表示时间，相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。
3. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. (全国卷) A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
• ⑴与谓语动作同时发生:
• He kept smiling.
• Everyone is practicing speaking English.
⑵发生在谓语动作之后（固定用法）
He advised leaving early.
Would you mind opening the window?
⑶发生在谓语动作之前（固定用法） : I remember mailing the letter. ⑷没有明确的先后关系（泛指、常理）: Teaching is learning. Learning a foreign language is not
• ⑵表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于 谓语动作的动作:
Who heard him say that?
I’m sorry to hear that.
不定式进行式的用法: ⑴表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行
的动作:
He seems to be saying something.
He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
⑵正如可用进行式表将来一样,不定式进 行式有时也 可表将来:
The old man seems to be dying.
He was happy to be coming home.
不定式的完成式.
表示在谓语动作之前发出的动作。 The novel was said to have been published. I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
非谓语动词的时态和语态
不定式的时态与语态:
1.不定式的时态与语态的基本形 式（以do为例）
• 不定式一般式的用法:
• ⑴ 表示将来,即表示发生在谓语动作之 后的动作:
• We decided to leave early.
• He asked me to buy him some paper.
【分析】答案选A。句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系，“被带去看戏” 发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。 说明：①动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况： 在作表语或宾补的形容词后用状语时； 作定语修饰have, there be, this / that / these / those be等后面的名词或代词时； 作表语的to blame等。
⑵表示过去未曾实现的愿望:
I should like to have come earlier.
We were to have been married last year.（我们原打算去年结婚。）
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
不定式完成进行式的用法: 表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行
如：1. The text is difficult to learn. 这篇课文很难学。(to learn主动表被动) 2. We found the text difficult to learn.我们觉得这篇课文很难学。 (to learn主动表被动) 3. He was to blame for that. 他因此受到了责备。 (作表语的to blame主动表被动) ②need, want和require表示“需要表示”，主语通常是物时，后面除用
studying
1. I don’t know whether you happen ________, (辽宁卷) A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
【分析】答案选D。hear发生在谓语don’t know之前，用不定式的完成式。 句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习。
根据上下文的谓语动词与非谓动词发生 的先后关系确定
---Li Ming is said ____ abroad. Do you know what
country he studied in ? A
he will study in? B he studies in? C
---Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been