名词解释及选择题 国际贸易双语

名词解释及选择题

1.International Trade:

2.Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: Given certain conditions and assumptions, including full adjustment to a new long-run equilibrium, an event that changes product prices in a country unambiguously has two effects:

It raises the real return to the factor used intensively in the rising-price industry;

It lowers the real return to the factor used intensively in the falling-price industry. 3. Intra-industry Trade: two-way trade in which a country both exports and imports the same or very similar products (product varieties that are such close substitutes that they are classified within the same industry)

4. Balanced growth: the ppc shifts out proportionately so that its relative shape is the same.(production-possibility curve)

5. Biased growth:the ppc shifts out inproportionately, skewing toward the faster-growing product. (the expansion favors producing proportionately more of one of the products)

6. Immiserizing Growth：Growth that expands the country’s willingness to trade can result in such a large decline in the country’s TOT that the country is worse off. Three crucial conditions:

The country’s growth must be strongly biased toward expanding the country’s supply of exports, and the increase in export supply must be large enough to have a noticeable impact on world price.

The foreign demand for the country’s exports must be price inelastic.

Before the growth, the country must be heavily engaged in trade.

7. Tariff:is a tax on importing a good into a country, usually collected by customs officials at the place of entry.

8. Specific tariff: is stipulated as a money amount per physical unit of import, such as dollars per.

9. The Effective Rate of Protection:of an individual industry is defined as the percentage by which the entire set of a nation’s trade barriers raises the industry’s value added per unit of output.

10. National optimal tariff is the tariff that creates the largest net gain for the country imposing it. For a large country, this optimal tariff lies between no tariff and

a prohibitive tariff.

11. A nontariff barriers (NTB) to import is any policy used by the government to reduce imports, other than a simple tariff on imports.

12. Import quota is a limit on the total quantity of imports of a product allowed into the country during a period of time.(for instance, a year)

13. A voluntary export restraint is an odd-looking trade barrier in which the importing country government compels the foreign exporting country to agree