名师谈08考研英语新题型冲刺复习

名师谈08考研英语新题型冲刺复习
名师谈08考研英语新题型冲刺复习

名师谈08考研英语新题型冲刺复习

新东方考研英语完形、新题型名师贺莺

考研阅读理解B新题型部分,分值大(5个空,每空2分),对词汇、语法、阅读精度等要求不高。根据全国平均分测算,其难度系数低于英语知识运用和英汉翻译部分。这种高性价比的题目不能不引起最后复习阶段考生的关注。

今年8月出台的大纲样题,具体给出了四种备选题型,即填空式阅读、概括标题、信息匹配、排序题。但有意思的是,教育部考试中心同期发行的《英语考试大纲解析》中却仅对其中三种题目的特点和策略进行了分析,对于样题中的信息匹配题,既没有提及也没有给出分析。

信息匹配题何许人也?这种题目要求从选项的六段论据中选出五段,使其分别与题干中五个段落的论点句(1至2句)匹配,其中有一个为干扰项。细细想来,由于英语段落的"单一率",即一段只有一个主题的特点,论据与论点之间的关系往往是非常单纯的。论点与论据之间无非是举例说明、下定义、总分论述、分析原因等关系,必须说同一件事,论点方向必须一致。如此一来,这种题目的难度系数就非常小了。

事实上,在谈如何写简历的这篇大纲样题中,给出的六个段落(参考《2008年非英语专业考试大纲》,高等教育出版社)无一例外地是对原文论点的举例阐述,只不过有时是正例,有时是反例。经过测试,考研班学员平均在8分钟完成,且准确率在80%以上。这说明这一题目类型因难度系数低,区分度不强,不被出题老师看好。建议同学们在复习中了解、熟悉一下就可以了。

那么出题老师看好什么题呢?《英语考试大纲解析》中的另一有趣现象是浓墨重彩地力推排序题,提出排序题和填空式阅读(2005年和2006年)都考查"文章整体结构",但"排序题的难度系数大于的填空式阅读",而标题题"偏向于考查文章各部分的内部逻辑关系"。可见,出题人似乎对于排序题情有独钟。结合2007年标题题全国平均分过高的情况,今年的新题型必须要提高难度系数,选择排序题也是情理之中的。

但是,排序题自身存在的两个致命缺陷,不能不引起广大考生的高度重视:第一,不上天堂就下地狱。什么意思呢?以样题为例,答案是CEABD, 而某考生的答案是ABDCE, 那么计算机阅卷的情况下他得多少分呢?0分。但是,实际上,这个同学已经找出了AB之间、

BD之间,以及CE之间的顺序,应该至少得到6分。在考研这种一分之差因英语不过线而导致满盘皆输的考试中,这种情况的出现是否说明该种题目的区分度不够,成熟性不足呢?第二,这一考查形式为5选5的排序题,选项数等于答案数,那么考生只要把所有选项选成一样的,如AAAAA, 就一定可以得到2分,考虑到完形填空部分每道题0.5分的惨淡境遇,这种不费吹灰之力稳得2分的题目是否欠缺些公正? 也就是说,如果今年真考排序题,基础薄弱的同学大可2秒钟之内稳得2分,而基础好的同学反而有可能以0分收场,与其这样,不如大家都稳得2分。那么,这种题目又有什么区分度可言呢?新题型势必沦为众矢之的。

在剩下的两种题目中,就只有填空式阅读和标题题了。如果想换换花样,就继续考标题题,难度系数不大,全国平均分应该在6分以上。如果要加大难度系数,只能继续考填空式阅读了。所以考生应在最后阶段关注这两种题型。尤其是难度系数较大的填空式阅读,这种题目最能体现2008新大纲对阅读理解B节的测试要求:"考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解",因此,考生更应花点功夫总结出出题规律和做题策略来。

填空式阅读在做题思路上严格遵守三条原则:

一、扫读段首段尾,精读空前空后。

填空式阅读为雅斯考试思路,考查的是应试者从巨量信息中提炼主题的能力,因此不要求精读全文。阅读时以寻找主旨词、做题标志词为终极阅读目的。而一旦找到能够总结大意的主旨词和做题标志词,阅读目的即告达到,画出相关词后,就可以继续阅读下一段了。

二、连贯性原则,利用标志词优先定位。

填空式阅读的五道题目中,一般有两道题考查连贯性,这种题对语言基础要求不高,只要熟悉英语中实现语篇连贯的显性连接标志,就可以迅速定位。具体而言,最常见的显性连接手段有六种:

1.代词呼应:选项和原文之间通过代词的指代关系实现衔接。这就要求对选项中和空前、空后的代词保持敏感。

2.同类数字:比如选项中有2 million years ago, $2500等,如果原文中也有类似的数字,且出现次数不多,就构成同类型数字,可帮助定位。

3.对称结构:如原文中的某个句式结构和选项句式结构如出一辙,形成排比、对称关系,则多处在相近位置。这一原则也可帮助定位。

4.逻辑连接词:并列关系,转折、让步关系,因果关系为句间多用的逻辑关系,根据逻辑关系词,可判断某选项是否位于某段落前后。

5.单词重现:如果某单词,尤其是专有名词、复数名词在选项中出现,在原文中也

出现,则可怀疑该选项位于原文中该词的附近。但请注意这种定位方法必须与其他定位标志共同作用才能最终确定选项在原文中的位置。

6.同义解释:选项与原文某个句子意思一样,只不过表达形式略有出入,真是"不是一家人,不仅一家门",这时,两句话应在同一段落中。

建议同学们在最后阶段注意培养对这类显性连贯标志词的敏感性。

三、依据主题一致原则,通过分析主题,筛选剩余选项。

英语写作中的主题一致,就是大纲中所说的语篇一致性,它有三条原则。对于无法利用连贯标志定位的剩余的为数不多的选项,利用主题一致原则定位,也可以发挥事半功倍的效果,当然这要求考生具备一定的分析和理解能力。这三条原则是:

1.单一主题原则:一个英语段落只能有一个主题。如果选项的加入使某段落产生了两个主题,则排除该定位选择。

2.导向一致原则:选项必须与段落论述方向一致,如果选项观点与段落论述南辕北辙,则排除该定位选择。

3.具化原则:选项加入段落后,必须比段落的主题句更加具体,必须保证段落的主题句是最有概括性的,否则排除该定位选择。

最后,新题型难在一个"新"字,也就是一路从四、六级冲杀过来的同学们对其并不熟悉。所以多做练习,多总结,多思考,是我们最终提高新题型的不二法则。

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