英语语法 比较结构

1. He is a scholar rather than a businessman.

2. The man is rather mean than selfish.

3. He is more mad than stupid.

4. It is more a poem than a picture.

5. Better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.

6. A man’s worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.

7. He was less hurt than frightened.

8. They came here not to free you, but rather to slave you.

rather than (Unit2, Para4, Line9): 而不是

e.g.: A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes.

e.g.: Our purpose is to reform criminal rather than punish them.

A is to

B as X is to Y.

A is to

B what X is to Y.

As X is to Y, so is A to B.

What X is to Y, that is A to B.

What X is to Y, A is to B.

As X stands for Y, so A stands for B.

A stands to

B as X stands to Y.

A is to

B the same thing as X is to Y.

A is to

B the relation that X is to Y.

A is among

B what X is among Y.

no less than (Unit2, Para3, Line2): 不少于，多达

e.g.: Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else.

e.g.: We won no less than ＄500 in a competition.

e.g.: That hotel probably costs no less than ＄20 a night.

no less… than: 不少于，不亚于

e.g.: He is no less a person than a minister.

他的身份不亚于部长。

not less than: 不比…差；至少

e.g.: I’ll stay here not less than three days.

我将呆在这里至少三天。

not less…than: 至少和…一样

e.g.: She is not less beautiful than Mary.

她至少和玛丽一样美丽。

no more than: 仅仅，只有

e.g.: He is no more than a worker. 他仅仅是个工人。

e.g.: It’s no more than a misunderstanding.

这只是个误会。

not more than: 不比…更，不如，至多

e.g.: I’ll stay here not more than three days.

我将呆在这里最多不超过三天。

e.g.: He is not more diligent than you are.

他不像你那样勤奋，重点在you are diligent, 他也勤奋，但不如你勤奋。

would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth. would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。

“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。

例Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。

If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。

He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。

二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

例I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。

The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。

请注意1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。

例I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。

He would rather drink wine than beer．他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。

Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。

2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。

例I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。

I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。

三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前

例Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？

Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？

Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？

四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。

例John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)

We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。

Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。

请注意1）如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ,其（that）从句则用过去完成时。例I would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。

2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。

例I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。