系统解剖学 颅骨.Skull

★Posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝
Formed by occipital and the petrous part of temporal bone foramen magnum 枕骨大孔 clivus 斜坡 internal opening of hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管内口 internal occipital protuberance 枕内隆凸 internal occipital crest 枕内嵴 sulcus for transverse sinus 横窦沟 sulcus for sigmoid sinus 乙状窦沟 jugular foramen 颈静脉孔 internal acoustic pore 内耳门 internal acoustic meatus 内耳道
Posterior surface of skull
External occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸 Superior nuchal line 上项线 Inferior nuchal line 下项线
Internal surface of calvaria
Sulcus for superior sagittal sinus上矢状窦沟 上矢状窦沟 Granular foveola 颗粒小凹 Sulcus for middle meningeal artery 脑膜中动脉沟
★Middle cranial fossa 颅中窝
Formed by the body and greater wings of sphenoid, petrous part of temporal Body of sphenoid bone 蝶骨体 Hypophysial fossa 垂体窝 Optic canal 视神经管 Anterior clinoid process 前床突 Tuberculum sellae 鞍结节 Dorsum sellae 鞍背 Posterior clinoid process 后床突 Sella turcica 蝶鞍 Carotid sulcus 颈动脉沟
面颅上颌为中心，上鼻泪，下下颌， 面颅上颌为中心，上鼻泪，下下颌， 外颧内甲后犁腭，舌骨颈前单落脚。 外颧内甲后犁腭，舌骨颈前单落脚。
百度文库 parietal bone
Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bone Zygomatic bone Occipital bone
Nasal bone
Lateral view
temporal bone 颞骨
鼓部Tympanic part 鼓部 颞骨鳞部 squamous part of temporal bone
Medial view
颞骨岩部 petrous part of tempordl bone
Skull颅
★Facial cranium 面颅 (15) smaller, lower, and anterior part, contains bones that surrounded the eye, nose and mouth Single bones: mandible下颌骨 下颌骨 vomer 犁骨 hyoid bone 舌骨
Maxilla
Mandible
★Mandible下颌骨
Body of mandible 下颌体 Alveolar arch 牙槽弓 Base of mandible 下颌底 Mental protuberance 颏隆凸 Mental foramen 颏孔 Mental spine 颏棘 Digastric fossa 二腹肌窝
parietal bone 顶骨
frontal bone 额骨
occipital bone 枕骨 temporal bone 颞骨 sphenoid bone 蝶骨 ethmoid bone 筛骨
ethmoid bone 筛骨
筛板cribriform plate 筛板 鸡冠 crista galli
Skull颅
Facial cranium 面颅 Paired bones: maxilla 上颌骨 nasal bone 鼻骨 lacrimal bone 泪骨 palatine bone 腭骨 zygomatic bone 颧骨 inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲
Bones of facial cranium 面颅骨
Frontal region: Frontal squama 额鳞 Frontal tuber 额结节 Superciliary arch 眉弓 Glabella 眉间
★Orbit 眶
pyramid-shaped paired cavities Base: supraorbital notch/foramen 眶上切迹 眶上孔 眶上切迹/眶上孔 infraorbital foramen 眶下孔 Apex: optic canal 视神经管 Walls Superior: fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝 Superior orbital fissuer 眶上裂 Medial: fossa for lacrimal sac 泪囊窝 Inferior: Inferior orbital fissure 眶下裂 left infraorbital groove 眶下沟 infraorbital canal 眶下管
★Anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝
Formed by orbital part of frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and lesser wings of sphenoid frontal crest 额嵴 foramen cecum 盲孔 crista galli 鸡冠 cribriform plate 筛板 cribriform foramina 筛孔 有嗅丝 筛孔(有嗅丝 通过） 通过）
★Internal surface of base of skull
Base of skull forms three fossae Anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝 Middle cranial fossa 颅中窝 Posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝
Internal surface of base of skull
筛骨迷路 ethmoidal labyrinth 筛骨垂直板 perpendicular plate of ethmoid
sphenoid bone 蝶骨
lesser wing of sphenoid bone 蝶骨小翼
greater wing of sphenoid bone 蝶骨大翼
翼突 pterygoid process 蝶骨体 Corpus sphenoidale
★Meddle cranial fossa 颅中窝
Superior orbital fissure 眶上裂 Foramen rotundum 圆孔 Foramen ovale 卵圆孔 Foramen spinosum 棘孔 Sulcus for middle meningeal artery 脑膜中动脉沟 Foramen lacerum 破裂孔 Internal opening of carotid canal 颈动脉管内口 Trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹 Arcuate eminence 弓状隆起 Tegmen tympani 鼓室盖
Skull颅
★The skull is composed of 23 bones Cerebral cranium 脑颅 Facial cranium 面颅
Skull颅
★Cerebral cranium 脑颅 (8) ―larger, upper and posterior part, contains and protects the brain Single bones: frontal bone 额骨 ethmoid bone 筛骨 sphenoid bone 蝶骨 occipital bone 枕骨 Paired bones: temporal bone 颞骨 parietal bone 顶骨
Mandible下颌骨
Ramus of mandible 下颌支 Coronoid process 冠突 Condylar process 髁突 head of mandible下颌头 下颌头 neck of mandible下颌颈 下颌颈 Mandibular notch下颌切迹 下颌切迹 Mandibular foramen 下颌孔 Mandibular lingula下颌小舌 下颌小舌 Angle of mandible下颌角 下颌角 Masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆 pterygoid tuberosity翼肌粗隆 翼肌粗隆
Lateral surface of skull
Infratemporal fossa 颞下窝 Pterygomaxillary fissure 翼上颌裂 Pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝 Sphenopalatine foramen 蝶腭孔
Anterior surface of skull
Internal surface of base of skull
External surface of base of skull
alveolar arch 牙槽弓 bony palate 骨腭 median palatine suture 腭中缝 incisive foramina 切牙孔 incisive canal 切牙管 greater palatine foramen 腭大孔 posterior nasal apertures 鼻后孔 lateral pterygoid plate翼突外侧板 翼突外侧板 medial pterygoid plate翼突内侧板 翼突内侧板 Pterygoid fossa翼突窝 翼突窝 mandibular fossa 下颌窝 articular tubercle 关节结节 styloid process 茎突 stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔 occipital condyle 枕髁 jugular foramen 颈静脉孔 external opening of carotid canal 颈动脉管外口 external opening of hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管外口
The skull as a whole 颅的整体观
Superior surface of skull
Bones: frontal bone 额骨 paired parietal bone 顶骨 occipital bone 枕骨 Sutures缝: 缝 Coronal suture 冠状缝 Sagittal suture 矢状缝 Lambdoid suture 人字缝 parietal tuber 顶结节 parietal foramen 顶孔
Lateral surface of skull
External acoustic pore 外耳门 Mastoid process 乳突 Zygomatic arch 颧弓 Temporal fossa 颞窝 Superior temporal line 上颞线 ★Pterion 翼点 a point near the sphenoid fontanel of the skull, at the junction of the greater wing of the sphenoid, temporal, frontal, and parietal bones. It is situated a little above the level of the zygomatic process. It is known as the weakest part of the skull, and also intersects the course of the anterior division of the middle meningeal artery