so和such用法小结
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so和such用法小结
一,so的常见用法
1.当so作副词,修饰形容词或副词时,表示程度,意为"这么","那么".如:
Don' t be so silly.
别那么傻.
He ran so fast.
他跑得那么快.
2.如果so后无形容词,则so不能与名词连用.如:
I' ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child).
我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩.
切不可以说"He is so a child."
但是,so little,so much可与不可数名词连用,so few,so many可与复数名词连用如: Tom ate so much food a meal.
汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物.
There' re so few people in the hall.
大厅里的人很少.
3.So…that 意为"如此……以至于……",是一个常见句型,也是中考常考的句型.如:J ane' s leg was so painful that she couldn' t move at all.
简的腿那么疼,以至于根本动不了.
该句型还可以转换成"So + adj.+ a/an+名词"结构.如:
Mike is so clever a boy that all like him.
麦克这么聪明,大家都喜欢他.
so that意为"以便","为的是",引导目的状语从句(该目的状语通常用情态动词作谓
语)如:
They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really like.
他们能帮助你比较两种不同的产品,以便你能买到自己真正喜欢的.
so that从句还可表示结果,意为"因此", 如:
His pen is missing,so that he hasn' t done his homework.
他的笔不见了,因此他无法完成作业.
4.so与动词say,tell,think,believe,suppose等连用,可以替代一个意义完整的宾语从句.如:
Is she a top student in her class Yes,I think so.
她是她们班最好的学生吗是的,我想是这样.
so与动词do连用,意为"这样做",以避免重复前面的有关内容.而if so意为"如果是这样".如:
He did so in order to help her.
他这样做是为了帮助她.
Are you a student If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please
你是学生吗如果是,请问你叫什么名字
5."So + be/其他助动词/情态动词+ 主语"是倒装结构,意为"同样","也".这一结构在中考试题中也经常出现.如:
—I usually go to bed at night.
—So do I.
—我通常晚上睡觉.
—我也是.
6.so作连词,表示结果,意为"所以","因此".如:
—How do you like this shirt
—It' s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much.
—你喜欢这件衬衣吗
—它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜欢.
7."not so +adj./adv.(原级)+as"是一个常见的比较级句型,也是中考常考的句型,意思是"不如","不及".如:
The man doesn' t work so hard as me.
这个人工作不如我努力.
二,such的常见用法
1.such是限定词,常和名词连用,意为"如此的","这样的".如:
She is such a kind woman.
她是一个如此善良的女人.
Grandpa often told us such funny stories.
爷爷常给我们讲这么有趣的故事.
Don't go out in such bad weather.
天气这么糟,不要出去
区别:so是副词,修饰形容词和副词,在句中充当状语.Such为形容词修饰名词,在句中作定语,请看下面几个句子.
①The fish is so long.
②Don't drive so fast, it's dangerous.
③Fred is so good a man.Fred is such a good man.
④It was such interesting meeting.The meeting was so intersting.
⑤There were such a lot of people. There were so many people.
以上句子中,①,②句比较简单,so为副词,分别修饰形容词long和副词fast.③句中的so修饰good,可用形容词such改为:
Fred is such a good man.
这句话和原句的意义不变,但用so要用so+adj+a/an+n.的结构来表达.用such需用such+a/an+adj+n.的结构来表达.④句中仍可按③的形式表达,但也可写成:
The meeting was so interesting.
其句意不变.⑤句中的such也可换为so,但更据习惯搭配,应将a lot of 变为many 为宜,如其后所修析的名词为不可数名词,还需将a lot of改为much.如:
With such a lot of time,they should have finished their homework
用so则为:
With so much time, they so have finished their homework.
因此遇到这种情况,我们可将such+a lot of+n.结构变为so+many/much+n.结构
再看这样一个句子:
The enemy scattered in such a hurry.
可改为:The enemy scattered so hurriedly.又如:
The plane flies at such a speed.
则可写成:The plane flies so fast.
这样的句子为such+a/an+n结构,改为so+adv结构其义不变.