定语从句语法要点总结

先行词 关系词
重复指代先行词, 起连接主句与从句的作用, 并在从句中充当一定成分 -which
关系词在定语从句中的作用:
主语
从句谓语动词宾语 英语习惯:作宾语的关系词可省略
从句介词宾语
关系代词
关系副词
who
定语从句 所修饰的 对象that, an emotion
whom which
只能指人
who的前面不能与介词搭配使用
The cab drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
翻译
一般翻译成定语的形式,"...的"
一般翻译成各种状语从句
定语从句
同位语从句
在定语从句中充当成分,比如做从句的主语 that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分: 名词 + that + 定语从句与同位
表所有关系,后面要接名词
此处why = for which
非限制性定语从句:
不用逗号隔开
对先行词提供必要的信息,
以表明先行词的身份或性质,
活用来限制先行词的范围.若去掉限制性定语从句,
则主句部分的含义不明确, 句意不完整.
最好用that的情况: 1, 先行词中同时出现人和物是, 用that 2, 先行词为指物的all, little, few, much, none和the first时, 用that 3, 先行词室不定代词something, anything, nothing 和 everything时, 用that 4, 先行词被any, only, all, every, no, some, much, few, little, 序数词, 形容词的最高级, the only, the one, the very, the right 和 the last 等成分修饰时, 用that
或宾语: 名词 + that + 不完整的句子 完整的陈述句. 语从句的区别
The rumour that he spread everywhere The rumour that Tom was a thief turned out to be
turned out to be untrue.
untrue.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
只能指人
when
whom在定语从句中不能作主语
只能指物 可指单个名词, 也可指短语甚至从句
where
可引导限定性和非限定性定语从句 先行词须是表示时间的名词 关系副词when在定语从句中做时间状语 I will never forget the day when I met you. 先行词一般是表示地点的名词
不用逗号隔开
提供附加的而非必要的信息, 只是对先行词做进一步的解释,补充或说明.若去掉此定语 从句, 整个主句的句意一样明确, 不会引起误解和歧义.
专有名词
My mother, who is 50 this year, lives with me now. 后面宜跟 非限制性 普通名词用来表示类指,即表示某一类事物而非 定从的两 具体某一事物 类先行词 An elephant, which is the earth's largest land mammal, has few natural enemies other than human beings.
关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语
that
定
语
whose
从
句
限制性定语从句:
可指人或物
This is the town where I spent my childhood.
不用在非限定性定语从句中 that的前面也不能与介词搭配使 用
why 可指人或物
表原因, 先行词是reason等表原因的名词 只引导限制性定语从句 This is the reason why I didn't come here.
还有一类 The food which wasn't in the fridge
句子,限制 all went off.
或非限制
性定从都
可以,但强 The cab drivers who knew about the
调的意义 traffic jam took another road.
不一样.
The food, which wasn't in the fridge, all went off.
Beauty means this to one and that to the other. And yet when anyone of us has seen that which to him is beautiful he has known an emotion which is in every case the same in kind.