美国经济(英文版)

A second development was the “American system” of mass production which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. the new system required precision engineering to create parts that were intercis rich in mineral deposits. It leads the world in the production of phosphate磷酸盐 (34% of the world’s total) It ranks second in gold, silver, copper, lead, natural gas, and coal, It ranks the third in petroleum production in the world, after Russia and Saudi Arabia.
Roles of Government

Before 1890, Tenets of laissez-faire Now it plays an important role in developing national economy. Federal Trade Commission

The Roots of Affluence
American Economy

“The Wealth of Nations” Adam Smith
Development of Free Enterprise


The story of American economic growth is a story of people inventing new devices and processes, starting new business and launching new ventures. For each of these endeavors, money is needed. That money is known as capital. Individuals started enterprises with money borrowed from others. They share the profit gained with those investors. When they wanted to expand their businesses, they again borrow money.
Industrial Revolution
There were two eras of industrial revolution in the 19th century. The first began in 1840’s when steam power came into use. The Second Industrial Revolution began in the early 1870’s, when electricity came into use.
A Survey of the United States of America 3. Economy
School of Western Studies Heilongjiang University
Economy

Industrial Revolution Free Enterprise American Agriculture Transportation Foreign Trade
Development of Industrial Revolution



A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks. A fourth development was the emergency of new forms of business organization, notably the bank and the corporation, which facilitated the growth of industry. Finally, the construction of railroads beginning in the 1830s, marked the start of a new era for the United States.
American Economy Types of Businesses
American economy is mostly composed of private businesses. Private businesses in America can be divide into three types. Proprietorship Partnerships corporations
The Two Industrial Revolutions
Reasons for Industrial Revolution



Some early decisions by American social and political leaders planted the seeds of industrial growth. A tariff high enough to discourage imports and give domestic industries time to grow. Other Hamiltonian measures gave great encouragement to business in general. The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860.
mining



The nation’s three chief mineral products: Natural gas The coast of Gulf of Mexico( Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana) Petroleum The coast of Gulf of Mexico( Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana), Alaska Coal Wyoming, West Virginia, Kentucky Metal resources ( western state) Iron ore Lake Superior region



The vast dimensions and ample natural resources of the United States proved from the first to be a major advantage for national economic development. A population of more than 250 million people provides both workers and consumers for American business. Rapid growth helped to promote a remarkable mobility in the American population — a mobility that contributes a useful flexibility to business life.
National Economy





US is the largest developed country and the only superpower in the world. It leads the world in such fields as: Information technology, computers, space, nuclear energy, electronics and military products. It is the largest automobile maker of the world. US dollar is used as an international currency. Western economists regard the US as the dynamic and engine of the world economy. International Monetary, the World Bank, Gatt( General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) When the United States coughs, the rest of the world catches cold.
Types of Businesses

Corporations are very important organization in the US society. They are the pillar and dynamic force. McDonald’s Levi Strauss& Co. Apple Computer Inc. Wal-Marts Microsoft Corporation, Boeing
The Roots of Affluence



The American people have possessed to an unusual degree the entrepreneurial spirit that finds its outlet in such business activities as manufacturing, transporting, buying and selling. Some have traced this entrepreneurial drive to religious sources. A variety of institutional factors have favored the success of American business and industry. One result was a rapid accumulation of capital, which could then be used to produce further growth.
Development of Industrial Revolution

One key development was the introduction of the factory system, which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area.
National Economy

The US foreign policy: Sit on the fence (World I,II) Open Door
Economic system: Free Enterprise/market economy
Most Americans think that the rise of their nation as a leading producer of manufactured goods, food and services could not have occurred without the economic freedom of capitalism —which many prefer to call free enterprise.