生理学中英文词汇对照

internal environment内环境homeostasis稳态

negative feedback负反馈

positive feedback正反馈

simple diffusion单纯扩散facilitated diffusion via ion channel经通道易化扩散facilitated diffusion via carrier经载体易化扩散primary active transport原发性主动转运secondary active transport继发性主动转运exocytosis出胞endocytosis入胞

resting potential静息电位hyperpolarization超极化polarization极化depolarization去极化overshoot超射repolarization复极

spike potential锋电位threshold阈值

salutatory conduction跳跃式传导threshold potential阈电位

local potential局部电位spatial summation空间总和temporal summation时间总和excitation兴奋excitability兴奋性excitation-contraction coupling兴奋收缩耦联absolute refractory period绝对不应期relative refractory period相对不应期supranormal period超常期subnormal period低常期

end-plate potential终板电位calcium induced Ca release钙触发钙释放performance of contraction收缩效能isometric contraction等长收缩isotonic contraction等张收缩preload前负荷

initial length初长度

optimal initial length最适初长度afterload后负荷contractility肌肉收缩能力tetanus强直收缩cardiac cycle心动周期period of isovolumic contraction等容收缩期end-diastolic volume舒张末期容积

ejection fraction射血分数

cardiac output心输出量

cardiac index心指数

stroke work每搏功heterometric regulation异长调节ventricular compliance心室顺应性homometric regulation 等长调节

cardiac reserve心力储备autorhythmicity自动节律性

inward rectifier K+ channel内向整流钾通道transient outward current一过性外向电流plateau平台期

delayed rectifier K+ current延迟整流钾流myocardial contractility心肌收缩能力maximal repolarization potential最大复极电位pacemaker current起搏电流

latent pacemaker潜在起搏点conductivity传导性

preferential pathway优势传导通路atrioventricular delay房-室延搁electrocardiogram心电图

mean circulatory filling pressure循环系统平均充盈压peripheral resistance 外周阻力

systolic pressure收缩压

diastolic pressure 舒张压

central venous pressure中心静脉压transmural pressure跨壁压microcirculation微循环

effective filtration pressure有效滤过压

positive chronotropic action正性变时作用negative dromotropic action负性变传导作用positive inotropic action 正性变力作用cardiac vagal tone 心迷走紧张sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone交感缩血管紧张cardiovascular center心血管中枢baroreceptor reflex压力感受性反射buffer nerve缓冲神经chemoreceptor化学感受器

renin-angiotensin system肾素-血管紧张素系统epinephrine, adrenaline肾上腺素

interstitial fluid组织液

coronary circulation冠脉循环compensatory pause代偿间歇

premature systole (extrasystole)期前收缩

arterial pulse动脉脉搏

overdrive suppression超速驱动压抑hemodynamics血流动力学arteriovenous shunt短路血管（动-静脉短

路）

bradykinin缓激肽

respiration呼吸

pulmonary ventilation肺通气

inspiration吸气

expiration呼气

eupnea平静呼吸

dyspnea呼吸困难abdominal breathing腹式呼吸

thoracic breathing胸式呼吸pneumothorax气胸

specific compliance比顺应性intrapleural pressure胸膜腔内压

elastic resistance弹性阻力

surfactant表面活性物质alveolar ventilation肺泡通气量intrapulmonary pressure肺内压

tidal volume潮气量

vital capacity肺活量

minute ventilation volume每分通气量

forced vital capacity用力肺活量physiological dead space生理无效腔ventilation/perfusion ratio通气/血流比值oxygen capacity氧容量

oxygen content氧含量

oxygen dissociation curve氧离曲线carbaminohemoglobin氨基甲酸血红蛋白Bohr effect波尔效应

oxygen saturation氧饱和度

carbonic anhydrase碳酸酐酶respiratory center呼吸中枢pneumotaxic center呼吸调整中枢pulmonary stretch reflex肺牵张反射digestion消化

mechanical digestion机械性消化

chemical digestion化学性消化